NGHIEN CUU TRAD DOI Tinh chat va itac tnmu cua dich vu cOng trong ifnh vuc giao liuc iThS TRUmiGQUDCVIETn T rong quan nifm truyin thdng, ching ta coi giio dqc thufc Hnh vtfc phic Iqi xi hfi vi vl viy[.]
NGHIEN CUU - TRAD D O I Tinh chat va itac tnmu cua dich vu cOng ifnh vuc giao liuc iThS-TRUmiGQUDCVIETn rong quan nifm truyin thdng, ching ta coi giio dqc thufc Hnh vtfc phic Iqi xi hfi vi vl viy nhi ntfdc li chi thi nhit dtfng cung dp vi chju trich nhifm Djch vy giio dtfc dtfqc xic dinh ii mft Iqqi djch vy dng dip tfng nhu du giio dqc cia d nhin vi xi hfi nhim dim bio mqc tiiu phit triin cia mdi ci nhin vi mtfc tiiu cia toin xi hfi Hifn nay, nin kinh ti thj trtfdng, hoat dfng giio dqc trd thinh mft loai hlnh dich vq lao dfng nhim dip tfng nhu ciu giio dqc cia mdi ci nhin vi djch Vtf giio dqc trd thinh mft loql hing hda Do dd, dich vq dng ITnh vtfc giio dtfc cung mang nhtfng nit die trtfng cia dc loai hinh dich vq Didu dd d nghTa, djch vq giio dqc ngoii die trtfng li ttnh chit dng cdn d ttnh chit hing hda cia dich vq Vifc xic dfnh rd tinh chit vi dfc trtfng cia djch vy dng ITnh vtfc giio dqc se li cd sd di ching ta xic dinh phtfdng thtfc quin iy nhi ntfdc ddi vdi giio dqc nil chung vi quin If nhi ntfdc ddi vdi hoqt dfng cung dp djch vq dng trqng ITnh vtfc giio dqc cia dc chi thi ndi riing Tfnh chA hing hda cda djch vy cdng ITnh vyc gldo dye Trude hit chflng ta thiy, d xa hfi vd mdi cd nhdn diu cd nhu d u giio dye O l ddp dng nhu clu dd, cic hoyt dfng giio dgc phii diln diiu kifn cd bin nhu: cd cO sfl vft chit, ky thuft (trudng, ldp ), cd chD I h l (ngudi giio dgc, ngudi duyc giio dgc, bf phfn quin ly), ed nfi dung lao dfng (truyin dal tri thdc, ky ndng) Nhu vfy, hoal dfng gido dye Id mft loyl hlnh dich vy nhim thda T n B9I hqc N0I vq Hi Nfl man nhu clu gido dye cDa ngudi Dilu nay, tit ylu hlnh thdnh dieh vg gido dgc Tilp cfn dudi gdc df kinh t l hpc, sin phim cda dieh vg giic dgc Id cdc tri thflc va cdc ky ndng m i nha giio dgc truyin dat cho ngudi dupc giio dgc theo nhu clu C i nhdn mudn ndng eao sy hilu bilt, mudn duyc bdi dudng ede ky ndng thi phii di mua dich vy giio dye Dilu dd cd nghTa l i , dich vg gido dgc da sing tyo gii tri sd dgng d i thda mdn nhu clu gido dgc cDa ngudi D l sdng tao gii tri ad dgng niy, eic dieh vg gido dgc cung phdi hao phi e i v l thdi gian, sflc lao ddng, cO sd vft chit Nhu vfy, dieh vg gido dgc tao gid tri Gid tr| cDa dieh vg giio dgc duOc quylt dinh bfli sg tifiu hao c i v l vft chit, trf tuf vd tinh thin cDa cdc nhd gido dye qui trtnh tao gii tri sd dyng de thfla man nhu clu giio dyo cDa ngudi o l thda mdn nhu clu giio dye, ngUOi ed I h l ty giio dgc Sd niy rlt It, hifu qui dem ifi khdng cao VI vfy, ngudi oln phii duyc gido dgc (ed td ehfle, cd mgc dfeh, cd ndi dung gido dgc.) mdi cd thi nftng cao kiln thflc vd ky ning Con ngudi mudn cd tri thflc phii tlm din cic hoat ddng giio dgc vd ngflye lyi, hoat ddng giio dgc mudn cd dli tflyng tic ddng phii ttm tdi ngfldi cd nhu d u , tfl dd hlnh thinh ndn mft thi trudng trao dli Cd nhu ciu gido dgc thi mdi ed ddp dng nhu ciu giio dgc Gid tri giio dye thdng qua hoat ddng dieh vg da chuyin gii c i (hpc phi) Oilu niy cd nghTa l i dich vg gido dgc l i mdt loyi hdng hda Dich vg gido dgc cung d p hing hda d l Ihda mdn nhu ciu gido dye cda ngudi dupc giio dye X I I fl blnh difn vai trd cda hoat dfng giio dye ddi vdi c i nhftn, giio dgc l i mft nhu d u Ti chAc n h * nnoe 4/2012 I l l y l u d l i vdi m i i cd nhdn Ngodi vifc giup cho c i c cd nhdn hinh thdnh vd phdt triln nhftn each theo tdm, sinh ly cDa minh thi gido dgc dem iai lyi Ich thilt thyc vide tlm vife Idm v i t i n g thu nhfp Bdi le, n i n kinh t l tri thflc hifin nay, Iri thflc dd trfl thdnh lyc luyng s i n x u l t tryc t i l p Con ngUdi mudn ed thu thfp cao, mudn cd chat lupng cufc sdng tdt thi phii cd gido dgc d cdc nudc nghio, cfl thdm m f l ndm hpc, Ihu nhap c i nhdn se tdng thfim 10%, thfm chl Id 20% Con ngfldi cd Iri thflc cdng cao tht cing cd k h i ndng tdn tyi vd thinh dyt cufc sdng Giio dgc cung c l p Iri thflc, kiln thflc, ky ndng, thdi d f dng xd d l mdi cd nhdn t i n tai vd phdt triln Irong xa hfi Oo dd, c i nhdn ndo cung cd nhu d u dupc gido dgc d l phgc vg cho sy hodn thifn vd phit triln cDa mdi e i nhftn Oich vg giio dgc nhim thfla man nhu c l u cDa cd nhfn Cd nhdn cd dilu kifn khdc s l tilp c f n dich vg gido dgc S ede mde d f khic VI Ifi dd, dich vg giio dgc cung c l p hing hda ca nhdn vd Id dich vy cd nhdn ChD I h l dflng cung d p dich vg gido dgc cd t h i Id nhd nude hofc cde td chflc khdng thufc khu vyc nhd nUdc Khi dd, dich vy gido dgc hoyt dfng Iheo quy luft thi trudng hda cDa dich vg gido dgc d l d l cic phuong thdc q u i n ly nhd nudc d l i vdi gido dgc se Idm m i t di b i n c h i t cao dyp cDa giio dgc l i d i o tao, bdi dudng nhftn d e h ngudl phyc vy cho sy phdt triln cDa xa hfi VI, Ifnh chat ddc trung cDa dieh vy gido dgc l i tinh c h i t edng n i m fl vai trd vd mgc tilu cDa hoat dfng gido dgc Tfnh chat cdng cDa dich vy gido dye Giio dgc ed vai Ird quan trpng d l i vdi sy phdt triln cDa xd hdi vd sy phdt triln cDa mSi cd nhan, i n h huflng tdi phit triln kinh t l , cii thifn phdc lyi xd h f i vd d l thifn ddi sdng chinh tri Theo thdng kfi, n i u sd ndm hpc trung binh cda ngudi ldn (trfin 15 lull) tdng thfim mdt n i m thi t i n g trudng kinh t l ddi han se tdng t h i m 3,7% Mft khde, giao dye m i dfc bift Id gido dgc phd thdng cdn l i mft nhflng quyln cO b i n cDa ngudi QuIe gia ndo cung e i n phii ed ngudi ed giio dye va ngUdi duyc giio dye d l phyc vy sy phdt triln kinh t l - xd hfi cDa quic gia dd Trfin binh difn niy, giio dye ed nhifm vg Irang bi cho mdi cdng ddn nhflng g i i Iri chung cDa xa hfi v l dyo dde, v l phong tgc t f p q u i n , v l truyin thing ddn tfc, v l y thde phip luft v l nhflng hilu bilt tli Hifp dinh Chung v l Thuong myi dieh vg thilu Chung nhit nhim dua qude gia, xd hfi (GATS) m i Vift Nam Iham gia da chlnh thdc phdt triln ed dinh hudng vd theo trft ty QuIc cdng nhfn cd tdn tai thi trudng gido dgc, vd gia khdng t h i phdt triln n i u khdng cd sy diu dich vg gido dye Id mft hdng hda nhu nhflng Id eho giio dye VI vfy, giio dgc phgc vg mgc t i l u edng, mgc tilu xd hfi VOI vai trd loai dieh vy khde Vdi nhflng lufn dilm trfn, cd t h i t h i y dD quan trpng nhu v f y , h i u h i t c i e quic gia mudn hay khdng d i l u kifn kinh te thi d i u coi gido dye l i qudc s i c h hdng d i u Oiu trudng, dich vy giio dye cung Id mdt loyi tu cho giio dgc Id d i u tu cho phit triln Phdt hing hda Od Id hdng hda thi dieh vy giio triln giio dgc vd d i o tao Id mft dfng lyc dye t i t y l u se ed nhilu n h i cung c l p , nhilu quan trpng Ihdc d i y sg nghifp edng nghifp loai hlnh cung d p fl cdc mflc d f v i chit h p i , hifn dyi h o i , la d i l u kifn d l phit huy iflOng khic d l dap dng nhu d u da ngudn Igc ngudi - y l u td co b i n d l phit dyng cDa mpi cd nhdn xa hdi Od l i quy triln xa h f i , tdng trfldng kinh t l nhanh vd bin l u f l cDa thi trfldng dich vg Khi dd, vifc vQng Gido dye ed mye tilu nftng eao ddn trl, chflng ta phii md eda thi trudng gido dgc, d i o tao nhdn lyc vd bdi dudng nhdn tdi cho cho phip nhilu chD t h i ddng eung c l p qudc gia, dftn ldc, i i chia khda d l giii bdi dich vg gido dye s l Id t i t y l u d l ddp flng nhu toin tang trudng kinh t l , tiln b f xa hfi vd c l u hpc t f p mpi luc, mpi ndi, mpi d p dd cDa phdt triln b i n vflng mdi cdng ddn Ngodi ra, lyi fch md s i n phim cua dieh vg Tuy nhifin, ttnh hdng hda khdng phii Id thufc tfnh CO b i n , thude tfnh q u y l l dinh cDa dich vg gido dgc N i u eht dya vdo llnh hdng gido dgc (nhdn edeh, tri thflc, ky ndng cDa m i i ed nhdn duyc gido dye) mang lyi khdng cht cd cd nhdn duyc huflng md nhd nude vd Ti chdc nh* nn«c 4/2012 xa h f i cung duyc huflng td vife c i nhdn dd duoe gido dye VI dy, mdt cdng dftn thdng qua gldo dye cd trinh d f cao, ty tyo vifie Idm vd lao duye vifc lam eho nhilu ngudi khdc se khdng cht phgc vg eho chlnh bdn Ihdn cdng ddn dd md cdn dem lai lOi 'ch lo ldn: "ddn gidu" Ihl 'nude manh'; ndng cao trinh d f ddn trl, c h i t lUOng ngudn nhftn lUc cDa mdi qudc gia Tfle Id, Ipi Ich gido dgc dem lai eho xd h f i ddi cdn Idn hon lyi Ich cDa ed nhdn Cho dD dd cht thuln tdy id nhu c l u ca nhdn Mfc dD l i dich vg c i nhfn, thi dieh vy giio dye cung khing I h l n i o t u i n theo d i y dD nhOng quy luft thi trudng dUOe VI vfy, nhd nudc phii i i chD t h i chiu trich nhiim chinh ddng cung d p dieh vy giio dye Do nhd nude ddng cung c l p dich vg nfin nd khdng tudn theo quy luft thi trudng d i y dD v i khdng t h i phd mfc sy gido dgc dlin mft c i c h ty phit Nhu v f y gido dye l i mft loyi hdng h i a cdng cfng vd dich vg gido dgc mang d i y dD tinh ehit cDa mdt dich vg cdng Dich vg giio dgc vfla thda mdn nhu c i u cd nhin vfla thda man nhu d u xd hfi Dieh vg giio dgc vfla hoat ddng theo nhQng quy luft cDa thi trudng vfla khdng tudn theo d i y dD quy l u f l thi trudng D i l u dd cd nghla, dich vg gido dgc cung c l p mft loai hdng hda dfc biit vd mft d|ch vg cdng d f c bift Dfc trflng cCia d|ch vy cdng linh vyc gldo dye Khic vdi c i e dieh vg edng khic, dich vy giio dgc mang nhflng n i t d i e trflng sau: Thtf nhit, sdn phim oDa dich vg giao dye khdng cht hUOng tdi tdng e i nhftn md hudng tdi lyi leh cDa todn xa hfi S i n phim cDa dieh vy gido dgc Id hdng h i a md ed xa hdi c i n Lyi Ich m i giio dgc dem lyi cho xd hdi Idn hon cho tdng c i nhftn Mft e i nhdn duoc gido dye, cd p h i m chit dyo dflc tdt, cd ndng lyc Idm vifc s l Id nhfn t i thdc d i y sy phat triln Chung cDa d i t nude Nguyc lyi, n i u m f t cd nhdn y l u kdm khdng duyc giio dye s l id m i l nguy hyi chung cho xa h f i Vi vfy, m f t s i trudng hyp, gldo dye Id b i t budc ddi vdi mft sd ddi tuyng (gido dgc phd cip) Khi dd, n h i nude phii tryc tilp chi ngdn sdch d l td chdc d c hoyt ddng eung c l p dich vy gido dye 77t^ hai, giao dgc Id mft nhflng quyln co b i n quan trpng n h i l cDa ngUdi duyc quy dinh Hiln phip eua tat e i c i c qudc gia Bfli vfy, cung c l p cde dieh vg giao dgc eho ngufli dftn vd todn xa hpi Id trdch nhifm quan trpng hdng dau cDa moi qudc gia de b i o d i m quyen ngudi Thtf ba, q u i trinh hoin thifn sdn p h i m giao dgc r l t ddi, qga nhieu d p dp Ifl Ihip d i n cao, bfli giio dye tyo s i n phim llch luy Iftu ddi Dd Id qud trtnh tich luy tri thflc de tdng k h i ndng sing tao cDa ngfldi Thtf ttf, s i n phim gido dgc Id mft sdn phim dfc bift Dd Id nhftn cdch cDa eon ngudi d l td dd tao myi sy sing tyo, myi g i i tri eho c i nhdn vd xa hfi S i n phim cda gido dgc khdng phii la nhflng hyc sinh, slnh vifin tdt nghifp md Id tri thde d l glDp eho mdi hyc sinh, sinh vifin tdt nghifp dd cd the sing tyo c i c g i i tri xd hdi thdng qua lao ddng xa hdi Thtf nim, n i n kinh t l tri thdc, s i n phim ma giio dgc tao cd vai trd q u y l l dinh tdi sy phit triln kinh t l - xa hdi cDa d i t nude, Idng truflng kinh t l vd b i o d i m cdng b i n g xd hfi Dich vg gido dgc d n cd sy h i try cDa t i t d cdc chD I h l khdc nhag: nhd nude, xd hfi, khu vuc thi trudng vd gia dtnh Thtf siu, dieh vg gido dgc ed dfc llnh khdng I h l tdch rdi duyc ngudn gdc, dilu dd t h i hifn qua vide khd ed t h i mua dich vy gido dgc d l sd dgng rifing vd cd I h l sd dgng b i t ky IDc ndo Dich vg gido dgc IDy thufc r l t nhilu vdo d f i ngu gido v i i n Cdng m f t ehUdng trinh nhung thiy, ed gido khdc se cd chat lupng dieh vg khde 77TII biy, chit lupng dich vg g i i c dgc phg thufc nhilu vdo nhdn td ngudi c i bdn cung dng dich vg (nhd trudng, thiy cd gido, phuong phip giing day, cd sfl vft c h i t ) vd bfin sd dgng dich vg (ngfldi hpc, tinh t h i n , t h i i d f hpc tfp ) Thtf tim, khdng nhu c i c s i n phim dich vg khdc, k i t qgd c g l i cdng nhd cung d p thudng quan Iftm l i mgc tieu i f i nhufn vd sy Ihda man eda khich hing, dich vg gido dgc l i y mgc lidu phgc vg lyi Ich cdng cdng, phyc vy nhifm vg chfnh Iri, lyi fch xa hdi ifin h i n g Ti chnc n h * nnAc s4i 4/2012 (Xem liip Irang 2e) Thtf ttf, hien d c bd tdi lifu bdi dUSng duoc d c ed quan, don vi bien scan ehuyin giao cho dia phudng khd ddi, gdm nhilu nfi dung, nhilu chuyin de Trdn cO sd lya chpn cde chuyin d l thilt thyc cho mdi khda hpc, tdi lifu d p eho hpe vidn cht nfin in I n cde nfi dung, chuong trtnh theo tflng khda hpc, trdnh idng phi Thdl gian md eic khda bdi dudng d n phD hop vdi thdi vg; vife phdi hpp gifla nginh Ndi vg cDa mil dia phflOng vdi cic cO sd ddng cai td chflc cic khda hpc; vifc iga chpn hyp ly dfi ngu giing vifn theo k l hoach md ldp gdp phin khdng nhd din hifu qui cDa cde khda bdi dudng Ting cUdng gidm sdt, dinh gid cdng tdc bdi dfldng d n bf, c&ng chflc xS D l dn 1956 thufc ChUdng trtnh mgc tifiu qudc gia Kinh phi bdi dfldng edn bf, cdng chdc xa duoc liy tfl ngudn: ngdn sich Trung uong clp cho cie ttnh ehua ty cin ddi duyc; cdn dli vdi d c ttnh, thdnh phd trye thufc Trung flong ty cdn dli duye ngdn sdeh Ihl ngdn sdch d p ttnh ty cdn dli DD i i ngudn ngdn sich ndo cung id tiln thul ddn ddng gdp, Irong thdi gian thyc hifn D l dn kdo ddi din ndm 2020 Do dd, cdc d p , d c ngdnh tfl Trung uong din dia phuong phii ehu trpng v i Idng cUdng vifc kilm tra, gidm sit, dinh gii cdng tdc bdi dfldng d n bf, cdng chflc xa nhim kip thdi udn nin, sfla chQa sai sdt qud trinh xdy dgng k l hoaeh, t l chdc triln khai cdc khda bii dudng d l dfla vifc bdi dudng cdn bf, cdng chflc xa vdo n l nip, dflng ddi tupng, dflng ndl dung chuong trtnh bdi dudng, dat dupe myc tilu, hifu qui, chit luyng mcng mudn Khdng ddng kinh phi Ifl cdc ngudn ndy d l thyc hifn cde ehUdng trtnh ddp tao, bdi dudng khdng thudc Oe dn, nhu ddo tfo ndng cao trtnh df, bing d p chuydn mdn, trtnh df ly lufn chlnh tri - hdnh ehfnh, chuong trtnh quin ly hdnh chlnh theo ngach Hifn nay, nudc la cd ting difn tfch dit sin xult ndng nghifp trfin 10 trifu vdi khoing 70 trifu thda dit vd gin 14 trifu hf ndng ddn Mdi hf gla dinh binh qudn cht cd khoing 0,7 dit canh tdc v i cd tdi trfn mft chgc thfla d i l nhd (ddng bing sdng Hdng 94,3% sd hf ed ling difn tich canh tdc dudl 0,5 ha), sy manh mOn ndy id rdo d n ldn cho sy nghifp xfy dyng vd phdt triln nfng thdn mdi Iheo hudng cdng nghifp hda, hifn dai hda ndng nghifp, nfing thdn Vdi vifc t i chflc Ihyc hifn cd hifu qud, ehit luyng, bio dim sd luyng vlfc ddo tyo nghi phi ndng nghifp cho lao ddng ndng thdn; ddo tfo, huln luyin kiln thdc, ky nang nghi cho lao dfng ndng nghifp fl ndng Ihdn va dio tao, bdi dudng cdn bd, cdng chflc xa thi D l dn 'Die tao nghi eho lao ddng ndng thdn din ndm 2020' theo Quylt dinh sd 1956/QO-TTg cDa ThD tudng Chlnh phD mdi dat duyc mgc tidu, yfu d u cDa Ding vd Nhd nudc da d l tiln Irinh cdng nghifp hda, hifn dyi hda ndng nghifp, ndng Ihdn • Tfnhchftvid^Ginnig(Tlip theo trang 29) diu Trong dd, ndng eao chit lupng dich vg thdng thudng phii gii thinh sin phim, giim ehi phi thi ddi vdi dich vg gidp dgc phdi diu tU rat Idn Mft khdc, mudn ed nin gido dgc I I I thi phii cd cac dilg kifin bio dim cho gido dye: tdi chlnh, CO sfl vft chit ky thufl VI vfy, chi phf de cung clp dich vg gidc dye ngdy cang Idn Oilu ndy cdng ddi hdi nhi nudc phii ddng diu tu v i cung elp dich vy cdng H'nh vyc giio dgc Cd thi khing dinh ring, bit cfl dilu kifn nao thi dich vg gido dgc vin ludn la mft loai hlnh dich vg cdng die bift Coi gido dgc id mdt dich vg cdng dfc bift khdng Idm m i l di vai trd cDa gido dgc, ma cdn cd tic dgng thDc diy sy phat triln cda gido dye nin kinh t l thj trfldng canh tranh vd biln ddi Ddng thdi, khing dinh rd vai trd v i trdch nhifim cDa nhi nude vifc cung clp dich vy gido dgc a ^ Tli chiic n h * niil>c 4/2012 ... cdng nghifp hda, hifn dyi hda ndng nghifp, ndng Ihdn • Tfnhchftvid^Ginnig(Tlip theo trang 29) diu Trong dd, ndng eao chit lupng dich vg thdng thudng phii gii thinh sin phim, giim ehi phi thi ddi