Khoa hpc Glao dMC Tl/Tl/OfNG H 6 CHi IVIINH VE DAN CHU TRONG HOAT D O N G QUAN Li TRl/OUG HOC 1 QuIn li trudng hpc la mdt trong nhiJYig nhiem vu bao trum cCia ngudi lanh dao nhl trudng De nlng cao hie[.]
-Khoa hpc Glao dMC Tl/Tl/OfNG H CHi IVIINH VE DAN CHU TRONG HOAT D O N G QUAN Li TRl/OUG HOC TS.VdVANLOC Trilfmg Dai hgc Sdi Gbn QuIn li trudng hpc la mdt nhiJYig nhiem vu bao trum cCia ngudi lanh dao nhl trudng De nlng cao hieu qui quIn li, ngUdi lanh dao phli khdng ngCftig dtic ket kinh nghiem, tim tdi nhCfng bi^n phap tdi Uu, quan tim den tam tU, nguyen vpng, ddi sdng cua cIn bd edng chdc, xay dUng dupc bau khdng tam If linh manh, doan ket gin bd va y thUc phan dau vUdn len vi trich nhiem d nhan vl vi danh cCia tap the nhl trudng Mdt nhOfng bien phap tdt nhit de tic ddng vIo su phIt trien nha trudng chinh la thue hanh din chu Ve van di nay, Ble Ho da de lai cho chung ta nhieu bli hpe quy gil 2.1 VI viicgi cung can phli duae dem ban bac din chi!i? Mot - V\ din II chu, tap hpp dUdc din II tap hdp dUdc sUc manh vd dich Dieu da dupe Bac nhac di nhac lai nhieu lln: "Phdi nhd rdng ddn td chu Ddn nhu nude, mlnh nhu cd Luc luang bao nhiiu Id nhd d ddn hef (IV, 101) Hai - Cd ban bac dan ehu mdi phIt huy dupe sing kien cua quan chung: "Co ddn chu mdi tdm cho cdn bg, qudn chung de sdng kien" (V, 244} Ndi chuyen vdi trudng Thanh nien Lao ddng Xa Ba - Cd bin bac din ehu mdi "Idm cho tUtUc^g hpl chCi nghTa Hda Binh ngly 17 thing nIm 1962, mgi ngudi thong suot" de eung llm Bac Ho can dan thiy giao va hpc sinh nha trudng: Thdng suot II mot dau hieu bin chat eua din "Phdi bdn bac dan chu Cd edng viec gl, ban phu chCi day, dan chCi cd the hieu nhu la mdt hinh trdch trudng bdn bac vdi anh em, tdm cho tU tUdng thUc eua edng tie tu tudng Thdng suot khdng chi mgi ngUdi thong suot, dgng vien mgi ngUdi cungla mot mot dau hieu din ehu ddi vdi ngUdi llm Idm, chdkhdng nen ban phu trdeh dinh ke hoach rdiedng tac quIn li ma cdn la mot dau hieu dan ehu ddi vdi ngudi hpc, hpe sinh Ngudi hpc mudn biet, bdtmgi ngUdi Idm " (X, 589) Tren cdsd nhOfng Idi dayci!ia Sieve dan ehu, bli hieu thi phli dan ehu hdi, bdn: Viet trinh biy mot luan diem cua Ho Chi Minh ve "Ai edykien gi deu that tho phdt bleu Dieu gi chua din chu hoat dong quan 11 trudng hpe thdng su6t thi hdi, bdn eho thdng suof (VII, 456) BIc chi mot yeu td tim If rat can duac quan Ndi dung chu yeu cua tutudng Ho Chi Minh v^ din chu hoat ddng quIn If trUdng hpc la: tim viee trao ddi, ban bac de thdng suot: "Phdi bdn bac ddn chu" "Mp/ ngUdi deu hieu mdi vui Idng lam Cd ngUdi chua Ldi phIt ngdn tren cOa Bac cd gil trj khang djnh hieu, ehUa hdi Idng md bdt ho Idm thi hong viee" (VI1 540) mot chan If, mdt menh Idnh ngin gpn m l cd sdc Bdn - Bin thin ngudi llm edng tac quIn li cung khIi quit Idn Trong bli ndi tren, sau neu yeu d u "Phdi bdn bac ddn chu", BIc tiep tuc gili thfeh rd cd han che ve hieu biet v l kinh nghiem, nen can hdn y kien cua minh;"Cd edng viicgi, ban phu trdch lang nghe y kien cua quan chung de bo sung cho hieu bietva kinh nghiem cua minh: trUdng bdn bac vdi anh em '.' Trong moi trudng hpe deu cd rat nhieu cong viec "Suhieli biet vd kinh nghiem eua minh eung ehUa Nhufng edng viec dd du Idn hay nhd deu ddi hdi du eho St/ lanh dgo dung ddn Vi vdy, ngodi kinh ngudi lanh dao phli quan tam gill quyet Neu vdi nghiem cua minh, ngudi lanh dgo phdi dung mdttinh than "6dn bac don c/iu" thi cdcdng viec kinh nghiem cua ddng viin, eua ddn chung, de thim cho kinh nghiem eua mlnh" (V, 285) gl, "ban phu trdeh trUdng bdn bgc vdi anh em, " Nam - Dan chu - theo nhu BIc Ho khang djnh CIch ndi cua Bac cho thay: hau nhUviec gi trudng cung can phli dupc dem "ban bac dan II chiee"CWa khda van ndng"co the giup nhl quan If gili quyet nhufng tinh hudng xau nhat {XII, 249) chu" KHGD SO 69, thdng - 2011 Khoa hpc Gido dgc • NhOng dieu If gili tren day giup chung ta hieu rd Trong bli ndi 17 thing nIm 1962 tren hdn Idi BIc day: QuIn li II mot loai hoat ddng phUe day, sau neu vli vi du de chdng minh cho sU tap, vi no luon gan vdi ngudi, thdng qua can thiet cua thUc hanh dan chu edng tie ngudi ma hudng tdi dat nhCfng muc tieu quIn li Vi quan If trudng hpc, Bac Ho k^t luan: vay, ngUdi lam edng tie quIn If ndi chung, quIn If "Cung vi nhu d ddy, neu ban phu trdch ed sdn gilo due ndi rieng, khdng dupe ehu quan, kieu ngao kien, cd ddn chu thi trudng tdt, neu ban phu trdeh (Ngudi linh dao khdng nen kieu ngao m l nen hieu quan lieu, minh tinh, bdt xen, trudng si khdng g thau - Ho Chi Minh) Ngupe lai, can phli gan gui, hefiX, 589-591) sau sit vdi quan chung, ling nghe y kien eua quan BIc dung each ndi ddi xdng lam rd su khae chung Quan chung gili quyet dupe nhOftig viee ma lanh dao nghT mil khdng BIc Ho cd Ian da ndi giOa dan chu v l quan lieu hoat ddng quIn li nhu the Viec gl trudng hpc cung can phli Bdn bgc ddn chu hoat ddng quIn If dupe dem ban bac dan chu Cd the ndi, gil tri trudng hpc la mdt luan diem nIm he thong va tinh hien thUc cua tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve din quan diem dan ehu Hd Chi Minh ve hoat dong chCi trudng hpe II vd cung to Idn! quan If, lanh dao dudi anh sang cua phUdng phIp 2.2 Muc dich cCia ban bac din ehu II gi? luan MIe-Lenin La Idm cho tUtUdng mgi ngudi thdng suot, ddng Anh hUdngtutudngfMnddncuacha minh, bin vien mgi ngudi edng Idm than Nguyen Tat ThInh - Nguyen Ai Quoc - Hd Chi Cd the ndi, dly chinh la Idi chi dan cd gia trj Minh lai cd Idng yeu thUdng ddng bio, yeu thUdng phuong phap luin chung chat cho quan diem nhan loai can Iao bj dau kho, ke thUa truyen thong cCia Chu tich Hd Chi Minh v^ din ehu hoat tdt dep eua din toe va tinh hoa vIn hda nhin loai, ddng quIn li ndi chung v l quIn li giao due, quIn tiep thu tutudng tien bp ve vai trd cCia quan chUng li trudng hpe ndirieng.Ldmcho tUtUdng mglngudi nhan dan cua chu nghTa Mac - L^nin, Hd Chi Minh thdng suot vUa la bien phap vUa la muc tieu eua ludn dinh gil cao sUc manh cua nhan dan tren tat hoat ddng quIn If LI bien phIp, thdng suot la cl mpi lanh vUe cua ddi sdng xa hdi Vi vay, tutu&ig cCfa ngd de dan ehu di vIo ddi sdng gilo due dan ehu dHoChi Minh ndi chung, tutudng dan chCi nha trudng, qua dd, thay va trd cung thue hien day hoat ddng quIn li ndi rieng, 11 sin pham cua dii phucmg chim, nguyen li gilo due cua Dang, mdt nhan eleh vIn hda Vi^t Nam vUa truyen thdng muc tieu dIo tao eua trUdng LI muc tieu, thdng vCra hien dai, vUa dam net van hda phUdng Ddng suot trd thInh mdt gia tri ma chi cd nen giao due vUa tiep can tU tUdng dan ehu tien bd cCia phUdng dan ehu chan chfnh mdi mang den de hinh Tay, nen ed gil trj phd quit va ben vufng nhan each van hda din ehu eho ngUdi hpc Thdng TU tudng dan ehu Hd Chi Minh lam cd sd va n^n suot, nhu vay, khdng ddng hanh vdi Ip dat, nhol nhet, menh lenh mat dan chu Nd chi nd tren ting xay dUng Dang Cong sin Viet Nam, xay dung mot VUdn Udm day yeu thUdng, nhin dao, dupe Nhl nude Viet Nam, he thdng to chOfc chinh quyen, kfeh thich bdi Idng tu trpng, trung thUc, bin ITnh mat tran, ele doan the chinh trj - xl hdi, elc nganh, v l hudng tdi li XUdng dep de, mang hoal bao cong dd cd nganh gilo due - dIo tao hien va sing tao cho din tde v l nhan loai 4.Trong bdi einh hpl nhap kinh te quoc te ngly Cf mot bli ndi khie eua Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh, ta d n g sau rpng, dat nUdc ta dang dUng trude yeu cung thay NgUdi de yeu d u f/iongsudf sU cau "PhIt trien, nang cao chat lupng gilo due va dao tao, chat lupng nguon nhin luc; phIt trien hpc (Xem Khoa hgc Gido due sd 66, thing - 2011, tr 25) Nhu vay, mpf nin gido due hodn todn Viit Namkhoa hpc edng nghe va kinh te tri thiuc Tap trung m l Chu tjch Hd ChiMinh day edng xaydUng la mot gill quyet van de viec llm vlthu nhap cho ngUdi nen gilo due dan chu mdi, dd, thdng suot la Iao ddng, nlng cao ddi sdng vlt chat va tinh than mot nhOfng thudc tinh lam nen bin chat die cua nhan dan" (2, 321), Tu tudng Ho Chi Mlnh ve trung eua nen gilo due dan chu mdi d nudc ta (3) dan chu hoat ddng quIn li trudng hpc can duge nghien cOfu quan triet va van dung tich cUc 2.3 Neu khdng ban bac dan chCi thi se gap tie hdn, hieu qui hon Vi vay, vai trd cua hieu trudng, hai nhuthe nio? gilm doe cd sd gilo due v l dao tao la het sdc quan Khdng dUa bin bac din chu II mdt dau hieu trpng viec gilo due, hinh nhan thCfc, cua benh ehu quan ChCi quan la mdt dUdng (Xem tiep trang 16) ngan dan den quan lieu, menh lenh, bdt xen 10 KHGD so 69, thdng 6-2011 K h o a h p c G i a o di^c -Tinh g i l m khdi lupng k i l n thUc.Tap trung v I o nhOfng cd sd cho hpc tap suot ddi Tang eUcflig viee giao due kl n l n g sdng eho hpe sinh - Chu y tdi day hpc tich hpp Day manh day v l hpc tfeh cue nham p h I t trien ele nang luc cho hpc sinh;Tang cudng cho hpe sinh thuc hanh, van dung kien thu'c, kT n l n g v I o d c tinh hudng ed nghTa; Da dang hda d c hoat ddng hpe tap; t i n g cudng cho hpe sinh t i m tdi kham pha, nghien edu, thUe hien d c d u an hpc tap tham gia d e hoat dong xa hpl; day manh Ung dung cd hieu q u i edng nghe thdng tin - Trong p h I t t r i l n chUdng trinh: p h l n d p manh hdn cho cd quan g i l o due dja phUdng v l nha trudng viec xay dUng chuong trinh dia phUdng Dong thdi can tap huan, bdi dUdng n l n g cao nang luc thuc hien cho d c dja phUdng va nha trUdng v l ed nhUng ho t r p d n t h i l t Bd ed the x l y dung mdt sd"mau"de tham khIo Da dang hda ve tai lieu day hpc: cd nhCfng t l i lieu ho trp day hpc phu hpp vdi d e viing mien, ddi tupng Mdt sd mdn hpe ed the ed mot so bp sleh de n h l trudng lua chon phu hop vdi dieu kien thuc te.Da dang hda ve loai hinh t l i lieu; in; CD/VCD/ ; Internet; Trong quan li chUdng trinh, d n p h l n d p manh hdn eho dja phuong; eho phep nha trudng ehCi ddng, linh hoat hdn t o ehUe thUe hien chUdng trinh Chuan bj ddng bd, d i e biet la van de dpi ngu f g i l o vien de dap Ofng dupc yeu d u doi mdi eua chuong trinh -Nghten Tai lieu tham VhAo International Bureau of Education Thedebate on competencies, 2005 Chudng trlnh Gido due thdng eua Quebec 2005 l u o n g Viet Thai, Bdo edo Hoi thao Di tdi Phdt trien chuang trlnh theo dinh hudng phdt trien ndng lUcngUdi hoc, 20^0 Muller W, Nghiin edu li ludn dgy vd hgc vat II ngdynay,2009 Nguyen Thi Minh PhUdng, Bdo edo tong kit De tdi Xay dUng khung ndng lue cua hgc sinh phS thdng Viet Nam,2009 Roegiers X, Cdeh tlep can theo ndng luc tgi edc nude sddung tieng Phdp dChdu Phi - Mdt v l i xu hudng, 2008 Tap chi so sdnh chUcmg trinh INCA SUMMARY This article addresses the curriculum development using capacity development approach In this article the author presents: 1/concepts of capacity, research on needed capacities done by other countries and international centered 2/ learners' capacity development and content based curriculum; 3/ advantages of capacity-based curriculum; 4/ requirements for capacity-based curriculum TAlLl|UTRfCHDAN Tl/Tl/ONG (Tlep theo trang 10} organizations; curriculum Hd Chf Minh, Todn tdp, tap I d i n tap VI xuat b i n n I m 1995; Tap VII den tap XII xuat b i n n I m phUdng phap v l tac phong d i n chCi tien bp theo 1996, NXB Chfnh trj Quoc gia, H I Ndi quan ^ I m Ho Chi Minh eho d n bd, g i l n g vien va D i n g Cong s i n Viet Nam (2011), Vdn kien Dgi hdi dgi bieu todn quoc Idn thdXI, NXB Chinh trj Quoc gia Ha Npi sinh vien, hpc sinh trUcmg minh Ddn chu I I d i l u kien tien quyet de di d i n thdng suot Hoc sinh d n p h l i thdng suot mp/vtJhde sU hpc Can bp, g i l n g vien eung d n dupe thdng suot nhCfng van d l ve t o chde q u I n ly, eua don vj minh.De cho ddi tUong mlnh dupe thdng suot, n h l q u I n li, g i l n g vien trude h i t p h l i ed e l l tam sing, nhiet thanh, ed nang luc chuyen mdn gldi, phuong p h I p tdt, quan he tot v l m d t he thong t o chu'c q u I n If dan chu, cdi md 16 V6 VIn Lde (2011), Quan diem cua Chu tjch Hd ChifiAinh veddn chu gido due, NXB Chinh trj Qudegia, HaNpi SUMMARY Based upon President Ho Chi Minh's speeches the author has summarized his thinking on democracy in school management KHGD so , thdng - 1 ... gili tren day giup chung ta hieu rd Trong bli ndi 17 thing nIm 1962 tren hdn Idi BIc day: QuIn li II mot loai hoat ddng phUe day, sau neu vli vi du de chdng minh cho sU tap, vi no luon gan vdi... phu trdeh (Ngudi linh dao khdng nen kieu ngao m l nen hieu quan lieu, minh tinh, bdt xen, trudng si khdng g thau - Ho Chi Minh) Ngupe lai, can phli gan gui, hefiX, 589-591) sau sit vdi quan chung,... trudng hpc la mdt luan diem nIm he thong va tinh hien thUc cua tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve din quan diem dan ehu Hd Chi Minh ve hoat dong chCi trudng hpe II vd cung to Idn! quan If, lanh dao dudi anh