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^k IEN cCfU • TRAO DOI KHOA HQC HANH CHINH TRONG Hf THCMG CAC KHOA HQC XA HQI GS 7S NsuriN HCfu KHI^N'''' I Khoa hoc hanh chinh la khoa bgc nghien cflu quan ly nha nudc Hknh chfnh Ik khoa hgc vl qudn 1̂[.]
^k IEN cCfU • TRAO DOI KHOA HQC HANH CHINH TRONG Hf T H C M G CAC KHOA HQC XA HQI GS.7S NsuriN I Khoa hoc hanh chinh la khoa bgc nghien cflu quan ly nha nudc Hknh chfnh Ik khoa hgc vl qudn 1^ cia nhk nudc Nhung khdng phii tft ddu, boat ddnp quin 1^ da dugc ggi nhu vdy Khdng Tu ndi hknh chinh Ik cdiig vific cua nhk nudc Ik rdt dflng Nhung chua di ndu nhu ta thd^ khoa hgc ngky ckng di sdu vko linh vyc vi md, tfle tim nhttng ddi tugng ngky cdng sdu ban, cu thi ban tht gidi hifin dai Aristote Ik cha dl cua khoa hgc chinh tii - khoa hgc vl quyln lye nhk nudc Nhung dng cttng chua cd manh nlia vl nhdn thflc khoa hgc phdn chia vific dilu hknh vfid cdc boat ddng khdc cua nhk nudrc dl ddt cho nd vl cdu trfle cia quyln Iyc nhk nudc theo chflc ndng khdc NgUa Ik chua nhdn thflc dugc hknh chfnh Ik mdt cdu thknh cdc hoat ddng cia quyln lyc nhk nudc Nhu thi, khdng phii cdc bdc tiln nhdn kfim VI dai, mk Ik hg cung Ik ngudi Mk nhdn thflc cfta nguori hi giiS han bdi cugi; ddi sinh hgc cua hg, thi gidi hifin thuc lai ludn phdt triin Nhihig phdn dodn khoa hgc cua hg cd tfnh dinh hudng, nhung khdng thi theo kip nhiing bidn ddi cia ddi tugng nghifin ciiu Dd Ik quy ludt cia sy phdt triln nhdn thflc, dd khoa hgc vdi chflc ndng tlm cdc tri thflc mdi Ik nhifim vu trung tdm cfta nhdn Ihflc xd hdi vk ty nhifin diln khdng rigitng Nghla Ik, khdng phii cdi gl xudt liifin thi nhdn thflc cua ngudi ta dd tfle tbi niin bit dugc bin chit cua nd Chflng nhu, a xdc djnh boat d$ng quin If hknh cbinh [rong tudng quan vfiri hoat ddng xdt xft hay r«P CHl QUAN i f NHil NUdc - $ 194 O-2012) HCfu KHI^N' ban hknh thi chltM phii din thdi gian dki sau nky, thdm ehl hkng nghin ndm sau mdi hinh thknh dugc Kit ludn nky khdng cd gi mcri, vl dilu dd da dugc Lfinin chi dudiig cua nhdn thfle (Ik qud trinh tft thdp din cao, tfl cu thi ddn trim tugng; tft chua ddy di din ngky ckng ddy di ) Lich s i hknh chfnh cttng nhu lieh sft cfta khoa hgc vl hknh chfnh nhk nude ch! mdi dugc ddt nin mdng nghifin cflu tft klii cdc hoc thuydt vl phdn chia quyln luc duoc nghifin cflu vko thd ky thfl XVIIl, XDC clio den ngky Lich sft dd gin vdi tfin tudi cua cdc nhd trilt hgc, chfnh tri hgc vk khoa hgc xa hdi (E Kant, J Locke, Montesqieu, J Russeau ) Nhihig bidn ed xa hdi, sy phdt triln eua khoa hgc, ky thudt vk cdng nghfi, quan hfi tiing qudc gia va quSc tIda ddn din sy bidn ddi quin ly cdc ddi tugng cfla hknh chfnh nhk nudc vl phuong phdp, phuong thflc vk hifiu qui Thfim vko dd, sy phdt triln cua ddn chu lam cho vai trd cia ngudi ddn ngdy ckng tdng quyln ty va quyln kiim sodt nhk nudc ndi chung, vfiri hknh ehfnh nhk nudc ndi rifing ckng lam cho hknh ehinh khdng thi hknh xft nhu kilu truyin thdng dugc ntta (cai tri, dp ddt, dilu khiln mdt chilu xa hdi va ngudi ddn ) Mdt nin hanh chfnh ddn chu, hifin dai lam cho sy phdn bifit mdt hknh vi quan ly khdng hi dem giin Mdt hknh vi nhu thd nko Ik quyln, Ik vugt qud gidi ban flng xft vdi qudn chflng niidn ddn • Hgc vien Hdnh chinh 11 NGHIEN CUU - TRAO DOI khudn khd cua ludt phap Bdi d dd se tdn tai ranh gidi mdng maiih cia gidi han vtt luc vk khdng phii vu Iuc, cudng chl hay van ddng Hien nay, thd gidi dang di theo nguyen 1;^ "nlian quyln cao hem chi quyln" Theo dd, nhttng hanh x i hknh ehfnh vugt qud gidi ban hknh ehfnh rdt dl lam sinh sy can thifip qudc td Nguyfin nhdn hay nguyfin cd dan den su can thifip dd chua dugc xem xet tbi sy ean thiip da dien Tinh hinh Bae Pbi hiln cho thdy rd dilu dd Nhu vay, khoa hgc hanh chfnh phii Idy chudn myc dan chi dl chl cd tfnh nguyfin tdc dilu khiln hanh vi cia quan ly hknh chfnh phi hgp vdi hien phdp vk cac tdn chi ddn cbi Nin hknh chlnh nudc ta Chi tich Hd Chf Minh din ddt da nhdn dugc rdt nhilu ldi day chf I^, chf tinh va ddy nhdn bin cho mdt chi'nh phi, m6t hfi thdng c6ng vu vl ddn Dd Ik nhSnp ehi ddn, liuln thi ildy nhdn dao, ddn chu vk vdn minh NhOmg han che nghien cflu hanh chinh dudi goc nhin cua |iai doan chii nghia xa hgi ndi chung va o nudc ta cho den hien Trudc hit, phai khang dinh la khoa hgc hknh chi'nh bi han chl bdi mdi trudng ehi'nh tri, xa hdi di nghifin cflu Ndi lian chd khdng phai la phfi phan hgc thuydt ve chi nghia xa hdi ma thyc chdt, nghifin cflu hknh chfnh hirdng tdi khoa hgc vfi td chflc quyln luc, vl ky nang cai tri, thi hgc thuyfit vl chi nghia xa hdi lai thifin vi mat bin-chat, nguyfin ly van iiknh cia nhk nudc vori vi tif la cdng cu cia giai cdp; chfl tdm tdi van d6ng cia quyln lyc gdn vdi sy vdn ddng cia eae chl dd xa hdi, vl bin chd't cia nhk nudc, quan hfi gitta cdc giai cdp xa hdi Hon ntta, chi ngliia xa hdi mdi dugc nliihig ngudi mde xit vach theo nguyfin ly, theo xu hudng vdn ddng xa hdi nhung chua cd thyc tiln xa hdi; dilu nky khde cdn bin vdi vific Mde vk nhiing ngudi mac xft d thdi ky nghifin cflu tu bin xa hdi tu sin dang hifin difin NIu hoc thuydt vl chi nghla xa hdi tft thi ky XIX, thi ky XX (thdm chf Ik din 12 tdn ngky nay) nghifin cflu sdu nhiing vdn de biii chSt, vd giai cdp xa bdi vk ddu tranh giai cdp tdc d6ng dfin cdc ydu td cua ddi song xa hdi thi khoa hgc vl hknh chfnh nhk nudc ehfl di sdu vko vai trd cia chfnh phi quan "l^ xa hdi, cdc chiln lugc, phucmg phdp phat triln kinh t l - xa hdi, tfnh din trdt tu, an tokn xa hdi va bao vfi quyln cua cdng ddn hang ngky da dupc cdc nin ddn chi phucmg Tdy nghifin cflu hkng tram ndm trudc vk vdn tidp tuc phdt triin Bfin canh chi'nh phi, hang Ioai cdc tl chflc, eac lifin minh, cac hifip hdi, cac trudng dko tao, nghifin cflu, hgp tdc trao ddi vfi hknh chfnh Vifit Nam cdn tdn tai chinh quyln Ski Gdn da tihig la mfit sdu sang ldp vifin cia Hifip hdi Hknh chfnh miln Ddng (chdu A, ggi tdt Ik EROPA) ttt nhflng nam 60 cia thi ky tnrdc Dudng nhifin chinh phi ngky khdng thi tdch bach, bifit ldp vdi ding phdi, nhdm Igi fch Ngugc lai, hknh chfnh phdt triln ty ll thudn vdi ndng lyc chfnh hi cia cdc ding cdm quyln CWnh phi ckng gidi, ngudi ddn ckng hki long tbi ding chfnh tri cSm quyln ckn| manh, ckng vttng vi thi cdm quyfin cia minh Vk ngugc lai, chi'nh phi kfim, kinh titri trfi, xa hdi mdt thdng bdng, dao 16n vl thyc quyln ciia nguM ddn thi vi thi cia ding chfnh tri cdm quyln se bi anh hudng nghifim trgng Dilu ddu tifin Ik tdm If chfnh tri cia nguiJi ddn, ngudn lyc cia quyln lyc chfnh tri Ik mdt sflc manh vd dich va cdn bin Vdi ddc diim nhu thi, bgc thuyit vl chi nghia xa bdi hdu nhu "bo ngd" vific nghifin cflu mdt cdch khoa hgc phUOlig phdp quin If xa hdi, nghifin cflu nhttng cdch thflc thoa man yfiu cdu phdt triin cia cac chfnh phi mdt cdch hifiu qui trfin cdc tifiu chf vd dilu hknh kinh td, vdn hod, xa hdi, an ninh, an tokn xa hdi vk sinh mang cua ngudi ddn Khdng phii cdc chuyfin gia vl chi nghla xa hdi khdng dl cdp gl tdi mfit chinh phi ddn chi Thdm chf cdn ndi rdt hay nhung mdi chi dftng d nhttng nguyfin ly chung nhdt T4P CHi QUAN LY NHA NUdc - sd 194 (3-20121 N G H I S N cCru - TRAO 061 Vdy chu ngMa xa hdi nghifin cflu uu tifin niiiing gl? Vfiri su ddi cua cdc nhk nudc xa hdi chu nghia dilu kifin chu nghia tu ban cdn dang thdi ky thmh vugng vl tilm ndng phat triln, cufic ddu tranh dl chflng minli tinh hon han vl thi chd da dua ehu nghta xa hdi uu tifin nhttng quyln ty chfnh tri, nhttng co chl thoa man vl ddn chi cho ngudi ddn, nghifin cliu phdt triin vk eung ed ding chiidi tri cim quyln mk chua clifl trgng mflc cdii thilt (thdm chi Ik bd trdng) nghifin cflu ndng lyc quin ly xa hdi cia chfnh phi Thanh ra, hinh thflc cia cdc quyln thi gia tdng vfi sd lugng nhung co sd kmh td, ndng lyc cua chinli phi de thoa man nhflng quyln dd id rd't ban chfi Mflc thu nhdp cia ngudi ddn cdc nhk nudc xa bdi chu nglua da chflng minh rd rfit dilu dd Thing kfi nhttng ngudi dugc i ^ k nudc uu tifin gfti di hgc tdp o Lifin Xd vd Ddng Au trudc ddy, da cd dugc giao di nghifin cflu (sau dai hgc) hay hgc tdp (dai hgc) vl hknh chfnh? Khdng cd Vi hg cung khdng coi trgng hknh chfnh, mk Vifit Nam chiu inh budng vk nhdn sy hd trg rdt ldn cia cdc nudrc nky d cdc iinh vyc (dai bd phdn cdn bd dugc c i di hgc trudc ddy diu niin hfi thdng hknh chinh, hg Ik cdng chflc theo tifiu chf hifin nay) Giai doan ddu cia cbi nghia xa hdi, hknh chinli vori vi trf Ik mdt khoa hgc nghifin cflu quy ludt phdt triln cia hanh phdp, cdch thflc dilu hknh xa hdi, ky nang x i If cdc tinh hudng quin if cua edng chflc, quin If kinh tl, chdm lo ddi sdng agixik ddn hdu nhu khdng dugc dat 'Ihdm chf, khdi nifim vl hknh ehfnh hgc, khoa hgc hknh chinh cdn Ik nhttng thudt ngtt xa la Vdy, hknh chinh dugc nghifin cflu d ddu? d iihoa hgc ludt (cdn ggi chung Ik khoa hgc phdp If), hknh chfnh dugc nghifin cflu nhu sy vdn dung cdc tri thflc phdp 1^ nghiin cflu hdnh chfnh Sy phat trien cua khoa hgc hanh chi'nh dr Viet Nam NIu xdt theo gdc d$ lich sft vk cdu trfle cfta quin 1^ xa hgi nhu ddi tuong cia hknh chfnh hgc thi khoa hgc hknh chfnh Vifit TAP CHi auAN LY' NHA NU