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UHKHflnRnGirneDunGTRonGDnvHOcniOnf/mmf Q ThS NGUYgN TH| HLTONG'''' 1 U thuyit klin tgo (LTKT) cd ngudn gdc h> hvdng phdl h llt hgc ed d l ^ DOc, xudt hl|n vdo eudi thi kl XVIII ddu thi kf XIX v6l kit qud[.]
UHKHflnRnGirneDunGTRonGDnvHOcniOnf/mmf Q ThS NGUYgN TH| HLTONG' U thuyit klin tgo (LTKT) cd ngudn gdc h> vdi ede hogt ddng ed sy chudn bj ban ddu vd cd hvdng phdl h-llt hgc ed d l ^ DOc, xudt hl|n vdo sy phdn hdl, d l coo kinh nghiem ehu quon cua eudi thi kl XVIII ddu thi kf XIX v6l kit qud nghign ngudi hgc Ddy cdng duge col Id «edn khdl ddng' cOu cOa I Kant a hg diu 1$ thudc vdo cdc «lugc nhffng hdl nghl|m nf>dl G)ud hinh ndy «dgl dlln' dd cd sdn" IJng hd quan dllm cOo Ploget, L.X cho mdt ehu kl hgc tdp «xodn de", noi ngudi hge Vygotsl^ (1896- 1934) dd Hip tyc nghign ei>u duge «ehgm' vdo tdt cd cdc ylu td, h>c Id mgt sv pbdt hlln tdm If cOo trg em vd dua ro If ludn chu kl cua trdi nghl$m (Exprleneing), p/)dn dnh ve «vOng phdt h'lln gdn nhdt" vd quon dllm (thinking), suy nghT (refleeHng) vd bdnh ddng fchgp tdc dgy hgc" Cd thi ndl, nhOng thdnh (ocHng) Ngoy Idp h>e, nhung kinh nghiem cy thi h/u nghign euu h-ong tom If hgc cOo J Ploget vd dan din quan sdt vd phdn xg; vd nhffng phdn xg L.X Vygotsky Id co sd hin d l cho sv xudt hl^n ndy sou dd dugc ddng hda vdo Ididl ni$m hffu LTKT h-ong dgy hgc (DH) hrgng vdi cdc Idc ddng ddi vdi hdnh d$ng md Tllp h/c nghign cuu theo hudng ndy, cdc tdc chOngtacd thi chO d$ng kllm ho vd thff nghl|m, gid Johl Dev/ey, Jerome S.Bruner, Albert dd cho phgp hjio ro nhffng kinh nghiem mdi Bonduzo cung ddc bl$t nhdm mgnh din vol Dllu ndy dugc h-lnh bdy so dd cdc h-d cho ddng, tfch eye cOo ngudi hgc cOng nhu nhung kinh nghiem cd nhdn vd sy tuang h^c vdi phong cdch hgc idp cOo Kolb (xem sa dd) Trin ca sd cdc glal dogn cOa qud trinh hgc mdl trudng K l thffo cdc quon dllm h-gn, David Kolb tdp hdl nghl|m, Kolb d l xudt phong edeh hgc tdp, mdl phong cdch dgi dl|n cho sy kit hgp da phdt h ^ If thuylt kiln h?o bdng vi|c d l xud't ro md hinh «/)gc t^p trdi nghiem' (learning experience) Ddy Id hinh thffc hgc tdp gdn llln MnMiiBfilifCtfpl^HUIW Tap chi fil^o dye so cfc* i - a/aoip 2) Kit ndi tri thuc • Myc tliu: Gidi thl|u nhffng thdng tin vd \s ndng mdl bdng cdch Kdy dyng cdu ndl d l gin kit kinh nghllm hudc dd cOa NH vdi thdng Hn Ihlch i>ng mdl Trgn eo sd dd, SV duo ro nhung dy dodn PliônkyJ ãã hd Idl eho Hnh hudng •£ Hoqld^ng , |Qu6 rinll 1— Ouorti6l - Tiin trinh: GV gidl thl|u mye tigu cuo bdi phdnx^ tiii> nglil^m hgc vd llgn h | vdi nhffng kiln thue dugc chia sd hong budc Cdc nhdm (ed nhdn) dua nhffng H«llv Z Mng h6a " *.'.t dy dodn cOo minh T - KrthudtDH, gdm: chia nhdm, SV hinh bdy, Khdl nl^m si) dyng mdu ddng vol 3) Tranb ludn khoa hgc • Myc Mu: Cdc yf kiln eg xdt vdi nhou, honh ludn vdi nhou d l dl din ^ kiln thdng nhjft, cuH Sa dd Cdc phong cdch hgc tdp cua Kolb cOng di din kiln thue chudn - Tiin trinh: TS chi>c cho SV trao ddl, thdo glal dogn: Phdn ki (Diverging) - CE/RO; Ddng hda (AsslmibHng) - AC/RO; H?/ tv (Converglng)- ludn, ddnh gid v l ede phdn dodn (quan nl|m) AC/AE; Thfch Ong (AeeommockiHng) - CE/AE duge duo ro, lya chgn phdn dodn (quan niim} Tdm Igl, md htnn gido dye dt/a vdo hdl nghiem thich h(/p Nlu dy dodn md SV dua ro chfnh cd tfnh hidn hodn vd chu ki, vdi cdc glal dogn eo xdc thi GV cOng SV hm thuc hda kiln thijc, bdn :- Trdi ngbl$m: bdt ddu h> hdnh ddng, ehuyin sang budc hip theo; cdn ndu di/ dodn dd khol thdclclnh nghiem cd gdn llln vdi bdi chua chfnh xdc (cd thi chua dung mdt phdn, c6 ednh (cu) md ngudi hgc dd trdi quo; - Phdn hdl thi sol hodntadn),GV ggi y SV xdy c^/ng nhOng kinh nghiem: xdy ro ngudi hgc su dyng kinh phdn dodn mdl nghiem dd cd cOo minh o l xO If ede sy vl|c, sy - Krtbu^t DH, gdm: thdo ludn, honh ludn (ung kl|n xdy ro vd phdn hdl, chlo sg nhffng dllu thu hd, phdn ddi, ) dugc; - Hgc kiin thOc vd kinh nghiem mdl nhdm4) Vdn dvng trt thuc cd duge nhffng hllu bllt mdl; - Ihyc ngbi$m tuong - Mvc ti6u Cfung cdp co hdl cho SV vdn dyng una ngudi hgc dp dyng nhffng kiln thffc vd kinh thdng Hn vd kTndng mdl vdo tinh hudng mdi hong ngnl^m vffo mdl rTnh hdl vdo cdc bdi ednh (hod hinh tdc, h'lnh bdy nh6rn (ho^c cd n h ^ ) vd hogt d$ng hgc tdp trdi nghi|m vd thyc Hin dgy hgc bd mdn nhdm GV cd nhl|m vy h6 hr? vd ddnh gid; SV Gido dvc bgc (GDH), chung tdl td diuc qud h'lnh ddng vol trd ngudi Idp k l hogeh, sdng tgo, gidi DH ndy theo hogt ddng (HD) nhu sou: qiiylt vdn d l , hrlnh bdv vd ddnh gid, 1) Huy ddng trdi ngnl$m Vdn dyng quy trlnn trgn, cd i h l td chuc DH - Mvc ti&u: Khuyin Ichfch sinh vign (SV) xdc gido dye theo cdc HD md d dd, cdc kinh nghi|m djnh nhffng khdl nilm, kr ndng cd llgn quan din v l gido dye cOa ngudi hgc duqc ddc bl|t ch6 hi thffc cuo bdi hge gido dye hge cdn h'nh hdl y, duqc td chuc vd khuyin khfch d l hnnig tdc - Tiin trinb: Gidng vign (GV) vd SV Idp k l hcKpchvdi Sou ddy Id mdt vf dy cy thi hx>ng DK d l tgo ro hdl nghi|m GV glOp SV xi> If cdc kiln ndl dung *Gldo dvc Id mdt bl$n tuang xd />$' difc bl$r: thuc da cd d l td chOe vd phdn kigl kiln thuc - Kf thudt DH, gdm: ddng ndo, phdn bgl; thdo -dnOtrdl n^l$m: GV d l xudt Hnh hudng: ludn, phdn hdl, nhffng c6u hdi «ddng, md* GV «K/}/ quan sdthdme dqycon cdch dl dtuy^ in? Idp k l hogeh, bdt ddu, hdl vd ghl nhdn; SV chta nhdng vd vd mdl, mdo me dgy cdch $g, trao ddi vd phdn Keh kiln tnuc eOo hg bdng vdbdt^udt yd nhiiu hi$n lugng tuong h/lnng cdch h-d Idl cdc cdu hdl thi gidl ddng v^ cd nhiiu ^yktincho rdng •• Tap chi filio due so CM i • •/aom ddng v0t cung c6 svgldo dye vd cho dd Id ngudn gdc cOa hlin tugng gido dvc d ngudi Y klin cOa anh {chi) nhu thi ndo vi nh^n dfnh trin?" nhdm huy ddng nhung hllu bllt cOo SV v l vdn d l hge tdp SUMMARY - OHD kit ndi tri thuc Trgn eo sd nhung kinh nghl|m dd dugc huy ddng d hogt dgng hgn, GV khuvln Idifeh SV phdt bllu nhung quon nlgm cOo mlnn ve vdn d l ngc tdp O ddy sg dlln qud h'lnh kit ndl kinh nghl|m dd ed vdi mye tigu hgc tdp - h k Id SV phdl vdn dyng nhffng hllu bllt cOa minh d l gidi quylt Hnh hudng hgc tdp Trong ndl dung dgy vd hgc ndy, SV ed i h l ed ede quon nl|m sou: 1) d ddng vdt cOng dlln qud hinh gido dye ; 2) ddng v^t kndng ed qud hinh gido dye, gido dye chl cd d lodi ngudi - O HD tranh lu^n khoa hgc GV td chuc cho SV thdo ludn, tronh ludn v l ede quan nl|m dd dugc d l xudt d budc 2; djnh hudng cho cudc honh lugn nhdm vdo mye tigu bdi hgc N l u quon nl|m chllm uu thi, GV sg g