NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG SI/DUnG BHITRP THITC TC U O I S P O TRITCUII PHUmiG TlgR HGHC HHin TROnG 801 mOI PHUUHG PHflP DHV HOC UflT Lff 1 Bai tap thyc t^ (BTTT) va phuong tien nghe nhin trong dgy hpc V3t[.]
NGHIEN c u u & UNG DUNG SI/DUnG BHITRP THITC TC UOISPO TRITCUII PHUmiG TlgR HGHC HHin TROnG 801 mOI PHUUHG PHflP DHV HOC UflT Lff PGS.TS Le Phu-dc Lupng, Truang Dgi hpc Nha Trang HVCH Bh Tin Khuwng, Trudng Dgi hpc Suphgm Hud Bai tap thyc t^ (BTTT) loai bai tgp ma gidi cdn qua ddu, mdy chieu da chiic va phuong tien nghe nhin vgn dyng cac kT nang thyc nang (projetor), den chieu, dgy hpc V3t ly hdnh (bai tap de xuat phuang tivi (LCD), ddu video, dau a BTTT Id bdi tap co lien dn thi nghiem) hay can gidi dTa (CD, VCD, DVD), may quan true tiep tai dai song quyet cdc van de thyc te xuat cassette, camera, dipn thoai thuc te, ki thugt, sdn xudt, cdc hipn cac thi nghipm di dpng, mdy chieu phim, d^n hien tuprng thien nhien vd ddc b Phuong tipn nghe nhin chieu slide, biet Id thuc te lao dpng, sinh (PTNN) dugc hieu Id nhiing c Vai trd ciia PTNN hogt hdng ngdy md HS thuong phuang tien DH mang Igi DH Vdt li gdp thdng tin qua hieu ling dm Ld ngudn kien thirc: Dua tren phuang phap giai, (ngdn ngu), hinh dnh Trong DH ndi chung va DH cd the phdn lam loai BTTT dgng (hoac tinh), hoac ket hgp vat ly ndi rieng, HS se thy cd dm Idn hinh anh Nhu dpng tiep nhan kien thiic neu nhu sau: - BTTT dinh tinh Id bdi vay, PTNN cd the tdc ddng GV gidng day theo Idi thdng tap ma gidi HS khdng cdn den HS thdng qua kenh chir, bao-tai hien cac hien tugng phdi tinh todn (hay chi cd cdc kenh hinh va kenh tieng Mpt cudc sdng, nhung phep todn dan gian) ma van sS hinh dnh ve PTNN (Hinh )) sir dung PTNN vdi vai trd la dung cac dinh luat, dinh li, qui PTNN bao gdm hai khdi: ngudn cung cap kien thuc, HS luat de gidi thich hien tugng, khdi mang thdng tin vd khoi se nhan biet dugc nhung kien su viec xdy ddi sdng chuyen tai thdng tin Khdi thiic lien quan den bai hgc; hang ngdy, thdng qua cac lap mang thdng tin Id khdi md tii dd lam cho HS tich eye, ty ludn cd can cii, Idgic tu bdn than mdi phuong tien lyc, sang tao han hogt - BTTT dinh lugng Id logi deu chiia dyng mgt lugng ddng nhan thiic ciia bdn thdn bdi tap mudn giai quyet nd ta thdng tin nhdt dinh Nhiing va tao dugc sy ty tin vdo kien phdi thuc hien mgt sd phep thdng tin dugc trinh bay thiic da dugc ITnh hpi Sir dyng tinh; ket qua thu dugc Id mgt tren cac thiet bi khac va cdc PPNN nhu tranh anh, biSu ddp sd dinh lugng Logi bdi dudi cac dang rieng biet nhu: bang, bieu dd mdt each hgp tap ndy de cap tdi nhirng van phim hpc tap, phim den chieu, li khdng nhiing cung cdp cho de cd lien quan tryc tiep den phim nhya, phim truyen hinh, HS lugng thdng tin can thiet ddi sdng, cdc gia thuyet, cac cdc bang hinh, dia CD, VCD, ma cdn gdp phdn kich thich sy ket qua phai mang tinh thyc DVD, bang cassette, giay bdng hiing thu hpc tap ciia HS, ndng te Tuy nhi^n, nhung van de da cd ndi dung, folie cao chat lugng DH va nit ngan can dugc thu hep vd dan mdu, MVT, Khdi chuyen tai dugc thdi gian thuyet trinh gidn hda di nhieu so vdi thuc thdng tin Id khdi cung cap cho Tdng cuang tinh true cac gidc quan ciia HS ngudn quan: Trong qud trinh DH, ta - BTTT thi nghiem Id tin dudi dgng am hoac ndu GV sir dyng PTNN thi logi bdi tdp can tien hanh thi hinh anh hoac cd hai cung cac gidc quan ciia HS se dugc nghiem de kiem chiing cho mgt liic nhu: MVT, may chieu tdc ddng mgnh han, Idm cho Idi giai li thuyet mang tinh thyc te hay de tim nhung sd lieu, dii kien dimg viec gidi cdc bdi tap cd lien quan true ti^p dSn ddi sdng hoac C^^IT"! Ngdy nhgn bat 14/6/2012, Ngay duyel dang 26/7/2012 TAP CHI THIET B| GIAO DUC • SO 84 - 8/2012 • NGHIEN cuu & LTNG DUNG hp chu y, ham thich tim hieu hien tugng vd ban chat ciia sy vat Mdi cac giac quan bj tdc dpng manh thi kha nang nhgn thuc cua HS se dugc tang cudng hon Cac video clips vc nhung hipn tugng vgt ly hay cdc thi nghipm vat ly dugc quay Igi bang mdy quay kT thugt sd vdi hinh dnh, am rat thyc vd song dgng hogc cdc md phdng cua chimg nhd cdc plidn mem DH thdng qua MVT sc la nhimg phuang tien mang tinh tryc quan cao Khi sii dung ngudn thdng tin dd DH se giup HS de hinh dung cdc hipn tugng xdy va ghi nhd kien thiic tdt hem Vdi mdy chieu da nang thi cdc hinh ve, bieu bdng, vat that se dugc phdng to giup HS de quan sat GV ciing cd the su dung cdc hanh, hinh dnh mdu thay the cdc hinh ve SGK Tranh dnh mau se gdy dn tugng dac biet va cudn hiit manh me hon su chu y cua HS Ngodi ra, vdi hipu ling hogt hinh cua ehuang trinh Microsoft, Powerpoint va Violet, GV cd the dua cac hinh ve len mdn hinh vira dpp, viia sinh ddng, tdng tinh tryc quan Sy tang cudng tinh tryc quan cdn the hipn d vipe GV diing video clips de true quan cdc hinh dnh, hd trg cac thi nghipm xay tren mat phang ngang hoac thi nghiem vdi cdc dung cu nhd md HS khd quan sat len man hinh Idn bang may chieu hinh da nang, giiip tdt cd HS quan sat dugc thi nghiem GV dang tien hdnh mgt cdch rd rang han - Kich thich himg thu, ho tra tu HS: Yen td quan trgng DH Id su say me 10 vd himg thii doi vdi mdn hgc, lugng hgn hpp Bang PTNN, dieu dd tgo dgng lyc cho HS GV cd the gidi thieu cac hi?i] tham gia tich eye hogt tugng va thi nghipm vat ly v(!fi dgng nhgn thirc vgt ly Dc ldm nhirng hinh dnh tryc quan, qua dugc vipe dd thi sy ho trg ciia dd HS cd the quan sat vd tir PTNN Id rat can thiet GV cd nit ket ludn thay vi GVphdi the diing video clips vc cdc thi dien gidng, md td nhieu lan nghipm, cdc hipn tugng vgt ly Trong DH Vat ly, PTNN gop xdy thyc tc dugc hien phan ho trg vd phdt trien nang thi 're'i "1^1 binh (thdng qua lyc nhdn thiic ciia HS dugc the mdy chieu da ndng) nhdm tgp hipn rd nhat qua vipe hd trgr trung su chit y cua HS, giup cdc thiet bj thi nghi^ cdc em cdm nhgn nhirng kien thyc hdnh Trong qua trinh A6, thirc vgt ly mpt cdch tryc quan HS phdi tien hdnh mpt logt cdc va gdn gui vdi thyc te cugc hogt dpng tri tup yd thyc tiln song; tir dd ldm cho HS yeu (lap phuong dn, ke hoach thyc nghipm, bd tri va tien hanb thich hgc Vgt ly han Trong hogt dgng DH, thdng thi nghipm, thu nhan vd xii Ii qua cdc thi nghipm vd PTNN, ket qud thi nghipm, ) Thong HS khdng chi nam viing qua dd, PTNN gdp phan hinh nhimg kien thiic co ban, md thdnh nang lyc nhgn thuc, cdn CO the ldm sau sac hon nang lyc tu ciia HS Ngoai von hieu biet ciia minh, phat ra, PTNN lam tang hipu qua trien tu khoa hgc DH vdi ciia hoat dpng DH khong chi su hd trg ciia PTNN se giup qua lugng thdng tin kien thiic HS ren luypn cac thao tac tu dudi dang van ban, hinh anh, nhu phan tich, tdng hgp, video clips md cdn d chat so sdnh, cy the hda, trim tugng lugng kien thiic truyen thu hda, khdi qudt hda; tir dd cd nhd tinh true quan, thdm my, the khdm pha dugc nhiing tac d^ng ciia am va mau dieu can nghien ciiu vd cd the sac den HS hieu dugc bdn chdt cua cac De vuat mpt so hudng hipn tugng vgt ly Trong DH SIT dyng BTTT \6\ sy ho trg Vat ly, cac bdi gidng cd su ho cua PTNN trg ciia PTNN ddng vai trd rdt Tii- h^ thong cdc BTTT da quan trgng vipe giiip HS nghien ciru khai thdc vd xdy ITnh hpi kien thiic mpt cdch dung duac, chung toi da de nhanh chdng vd ddy dii hon; xudt mpt so huang sii: dung nhd tu ciia HS se phdt BTTT vai sir hd trpr cua PTNN trien tdt hon DH Vgt ly nhu sau: - SO- dung de neu van - Gdp phdn gidm thai gian thuyet trinh cua GV: Vdi churc di: Vi HS da cd mgt sd kinh nang Id ngudn cung cap kien nghipm ddi sdng thyc te thuc, PTNN giiip GV khdng ve cdc hien tugng xdy xung phdi mat nhieu thdi gian quanh minh nen quan niem de thuyet trinh mgt vdn de ban dau ciia HS cd thi diing, ndo dd, tgo dieu kipn de GV cd the sai, ndi chung la quan chuyen tai dugc nhieu kien niem chua hoan chinh Vi vay thiic hon den HS thdi chpn BTTT de neu van de vao • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 84-8/2012 NGHIEN CUU & (MG DUNG bai hgc Id dieu hgp li nhdm hoan chinh quan niem diing cho HS.Vi du: GV co the neu vdn de: cho HS xem video clip (Hinh 2): la hien tuang, rot nuac dan vdo coc co cam mpt chiec dua thi chiec dua duang nhu bi gay khuc vd ndng cao han Yeu cdu HS gidi thich hien tupng ndy ? Sir dung hinh kien thuc mdi: GV cd the chpn nhimg bdi tap nhd, de xay dyng mgt kien thirc mdi ndo dd Vi du: GV co the tien hdnh thi nghiem nhu sau (Hinh 3): cho HS xem video clip: thay doi goc tai i Yeu cdu HS tim moi quan he giiia goc tai i vd goc khuc xg r - Su d^ng tron^ bu&c van dung, cdng co kien thuc: GV cd the lua chgn nhiing BTTT dinh tinh nham gidi quyet cdc tinh hudng dat d dau bdi hgc vd cdc BTTT dinh lugng tdng hgp cd tinh sang tgo de HS van dung cac kien thiic da hgc de giai guyet vdn de.Ki du: GV CO the cho HS ldm bdi tap sau de cung co kien thuc: Mpt meo phia tren be dang nhin mot cd be nuac (n=l,33)(Hinh 4) Hoi meo se thdy dnh cd each mat thodng bao nhieu? Biet rdng luc cd cdch mdt thodng la 2,4m vd goc 6, -30" - Su d^ng kiem tra ddnh gid: GV cd thS chgn cac bai tap co bdn, tieu bieu cdc dgng BTTT da giao cho HS vd yeu cdu HS Idm tgi Idp hoac d nhd sau dd nop lai bdi lam cho GV Vidu: GVco the tien hanh thi nghiem nhu sau: Cho HS xem video clip (Hinh 5): Id luc ddu ca chua co nuac thi khong thdy dong xu Sau rot nuac dan vdo ca thi dong xu tgi xudt hien Yeu cdu HS gidi thich hien tuang tren ? - Su dung hogt dpng ngogi khod: Khi sir dung BTTT ndi dung ciia cdc hoat dgng ngoai khod se ldm cho HS vd Cling himg thii, hg se nhan thay vat ly rat gan gui vdi ddi sdng thyc te hang ngdy; thay dugc tinh can thiet ciia mdn hgc; sy diing dan ciia cdc kien thirc khoa hgc va tir Hmh lam cho HS yeu thich mon hgc hon Vidu- Lien quan den kien thuc khuc xg dnh sdng, GVco the cho HS xem hinh dnh cdu vdng (Hinh 6) Yeu cdu HS gidi thich hien lupng tren Ket qua thuc nghiem su pham III Qua tien hdnh td chiic thuc nghiem su phgm PPDH vdo mgt sd Idp 11 THPT d hpc ky nam hgc 20II-2012, tren dia ban tinh Gia Lai Cdc lap thuc nghipm (122 HS) va ddi chiing (121 HS) dugc chpn ngau nhien vd cd dieu kien hpc lyc Id tuong duang So sdnh ket qua hpc tap giua cac Idp thyc nghiem vdi cac ldp ddi chiing cho thdy: Doi vai cdc lap doi chimg: Khdng DH chua sdi noi, sd lugng HS thani gia xay dyng bdi cdn it, chi so it HS kha gidi chill kho suy nghi tra Idi cau hoi cua GV, so khac chua to thu va chiu khd suy nghT