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PMTlYramil lAMPGiGWiMiMGCAOmLllG DnVHQCCRCfnonKHflnHTDICnCTMGCflOflinGnGHG O ThS L£ CHI DONG" 06t luyng dgy hpc (DH) n6l chung, c h ^ lupng nhc DH cdc mdn thyc hdnh tpi cdc trudng CDN c6 d$c thCl Id sy tich hpp hdi hda glOa kiln thi>c v l If thuyltvd khd ndng thyc hl^n cdc thao tdc krthu$t theo mdt auy trinn nghldm ngdt, Idm cho ngudi hpc hieu, Dilt vd v$n dyng dupc If thuylt vdo thyc t l vd cd t h i thuc hdnh dupc cdc thao tdc kr thu$t dung quy trinn theo nhung ydu cdu d$t ddi vdl ngudi ogy Chfnh vl vdy, sy khdng ngung hpc t$p, r6n luydn vd trau doi KN nghi nglildp/ chuydn mdn ngni$p vy, hodn thl^n phdm chdt ^ o di>c a3a gido vidn (GV) s3 Id bl^n phdp duv nhdt giOp ndng coo chdt lupng DH mdn thyc hdnn tpi cdc trudng CDN hl$n Trinh d$ chuydn mdn kiln thOc vOng vdng vd khd ndng v l toy nghe thyc hdnh tdt cua GVsS too ndn sy fmng thu vd niim tin cho ngudi hpc dong thdi cOng tpo ndn d$ng Iyc thdi thdc G V tilp tyc nghlSn cuu, fim tdi vd sdng tpo cdc bdi gidng Hip theo D6\ mdi phuong phdp d a y hpc (PPDH) theo hudng pnO \tqp vdi cl$c thO cOa mdn hpc, phdt nuy tfnh chiS d$ng, sdng tgo cda n g i ^ i hpc Trong DH ndi chung vd DH cdc mdn thyc hdnh ndi ridng, cd nhilu phuong phdp (PPJ cd t h i thyc hi$n; moi mdt PP ddu cd nhung uu dilm vd hpn dhd nhdt ^ n h ddi hdi G V phdi bilt dua cdc lya chpn, sl> dyng vdt thdi lupng, cdch thOc phD ^ , cd kit hpp cdc P P d I b d sung cho Tuy nhidn, d l ldm dupc d i l u dd,cd nhilu v l u t d lidn quan nhu: dliu kl$n co sd vQt chdt cOa nhd hvdng, d9cth0mdnhpc,ndnglvcvdtrinhd6,kinhnghi|m a3a tung G V Quo thyc id gidng dgy, ch6ng tdi Tap chi ei^O due s6 (k* a - s/aoia) ThS L£ C H I D O N G " nhng tilt gidng cy thg V l ^ Ic^ hpp glOa cdc PPDH Iniyin thcfng (nhu: thuySt trinh, gidng gidl, tr\fc oyon hinh vS ho^c thdng quo tranh dnh, video clip, ) vdl cdc PPDH hi$n dpi hi^n noy (nhu: PP ddm thopl, thdo ludn nhdm, i^nh hudng nghidn ci>u, ) cdn phdi dupc thi^ hi$n m$t cdch nioa hpc, nhuSn nhuyln, trdnh vide dp dyng qud nhilu ni$t PPDH dSn d i n sy nhdm chdn cua ngudi hpc, Idm cho kit qud dat duoc cua bdi hpc khdng coo Ngodi ro, d l ndng coo d^dt lupng gidng dpy cOa cdc mdn ihuc ndnh, nhd trudng phdi trang bj ddy du cdc pnuong tl^n gidng dgy, thilt bj thyc t$p, md hinh hpc cy, cdcloql h-ang thiit bj, v$t tu thyc tdp d l GV hudng dan, thyc hdnh ldm mSu cdc bude theo quy trinh cho SV quan sdt vd Idm theo Thdi gian gdn ddy, vdn d l thiet k l v d su di^ng bdi gidng didn tu (giao dn didn tu) gidng dgy cdc mdn thyc hdnh tai cdc trudng CDN dd bude ddu tgo ndn nhOng ehuyln biln nhd't ^ n h , Idm cho cdc gid gidng sinh d$ng hon, trye quan vd tgo hOng thu d nqudi hoe Tuy nhidn vdn d l cdn quan tdm Id su dyng cdc thilt bi DH hidn dai ndy nhu t h i ndo cho hifu qud, tilt kidm, trdnh hinh thuc, Ipm dyng hodc khdng phdt huy vd sO dyng hit Him ndng cOa cdc thilt bj trdn Ddi mdi htnh thuc kidm tra, ddnh gid (KT^ DG) Ddi mdi PPDH phdi di ddi vdi vl$c ddi mdi hinh thi>clCr,{X3de ddm bdo sy thdng nhdt giOo vi$c dpy vdi vi$c hpc, vi$c hpc vdi N^de thi, KT, DG Sy ddi mdi ndy can xudt phdt tu ydu cdu ddt cOa cdc mdn dgy thyc hdnh Id khdng chl hieu bilt v l kidn thuc If thuylt, v l nguydn If hopt ddng ojo cdc lopi thilt bj, mdy mdc md pndi bilt v$n dyng nhung If thuylt dd vdo thyc td Vl$c KT, D G trinh d$ toy nghi cOo ngudi hpc cOng cdn phdi cd nhung ddi mdi, sdrig too vd khoa hpc hon Thyc tdcho t h ^ , nlu C ^ bdtri phdn Idp thdnh cdc nhdm Sv, hudng dfin ban 'TiMif GMdbci^ctflAliAisiMr ' ^ ddu xong cho e6c nh6ni h/ thi/c t$p md kh6ng e6 su theo dai, k i m cOp sdt soo, ldm mSu I9I ihl^t, sou dd cuol bu^l hpc hoe hpp ll, hop vdl sd h-ang thilt b| hi^n ed cOo nhd hudng; ASc bif t Id phdi d l vd KT, D G khd ndng lay nghi cOo h>ng SV; khuyin khIch SV h/ ihllt k l ede md hinh kr thudt iheo n f I dung bdi gidng, mdn hpc Ndng coo chdt luprng bdi gidng 1} Ndng cao chdt lupng cdng tdc c/iudTn bl bdi bdi gidng gidng ' ' • •dung • •• mdn • dqy ' tl} NghlSn cOu vd nhdn •ihOc vi hdnh, G V phdi dua ro duvc myc tISu cOo bdi hpc: xdc djnh sou hfc xong bdl hpc ndy ngu6l hpc phdi ndm vOng nhOng vdn di gi vi \\ thuy^, ed lidn quan din kl£l ihOc cOo mdn hpe ndo khdng; vi thi/c hdnh, ngudi hpc phdi Idm dupe nhOng n^l dung thi/e honh ndo, d m(>c d$ ndo, cd the d^e l$p thuc hi^n dupe todn b$ cdng vl$c dd khdng, cd bilt v$n dyng vdo thi/e t l sdn xudt hoy khdng - Phan ndi dung GV phdi i h l hl|n duc chinh, hvng tdm cua bdi hpc, Hit hpc cOng vdl PP, phuong nf n, edc md hinh hoeeyddydovdphilhppvdt ndi dung bdi gidng G V ed t h i md hinh hdo n^i dung kiln thOc d i Idm rd nhOng don v) kiln thOc o j o bdi gidng; 10 dd chO d^ng thi/c hlin ede bude lin Idp m^t cdch logic, khoa npc vd thuylt phpe Tuy nhiin, hong dliu klin hl|n noy, hpn c h l khd phd biln tpi cdc hudng C D N Id sdSV m^cathpctSp ihudng thi/c nhdn thuc t^p tgp vd va ddi 061 tuqng tupng ngudi ngucri hpc GV o v cdn nhOn ihOc rd: Mdn hpc ndy ndm d v| h^ ndo hong nghi dong DT, cd m i l quan h i vdl nhOng mdn hpc ndo d i e d I h l d|nh hudng Ilin kit kiln thi>chorig qud hinh DH; mdn hpc CO d^c dilm gl ndi b^t d l Hm cdc PPDH phu hop nhdt Ngodi ro, G V cung cdn ndm rd d0c dilm ngudi hpc d l duo ro nhOng PPDH phu hpp nhdt, phdt huy uu t h i vd khdc phgc nhung hpn c h l eua ngudi hpc nhdm ndrvg coo chdt lupng DH bj Chudn bl gido trinh, gido dn, ftj; ll$u, md hinh hoc cu- Khi nh^n dupe sv phdn edng cdo Khoo ddm nh$n mdn hpc ndo dd, vlie ddu Hin Id G V phdi chudn b| duoc ddy dO v l gido Mnh mdn hpc, chuong hinh khung cdo mdn hpc iheo quy djnh, ede kipi Idl lilu Iham khdo cd Ilin quan, cung nhu ed du md hinh hpc a/ phuc vy gidng day vd lay nghi (KN nghll M d hinh hpe cy cd day du, dung chung logl theo y i u cdu cdo bdi hpc si ldm eho Hit gidng cua GV sinh d^ng hvc quan vd md pham hon; ngudi hpc cung tlidy hdng ihd hon vd l i dr nhiin Id d l hilu bdlhon so vdi m$t Hit gidng thvc hdnh md khdng ed ddy du md hinh hpc a/ Trong bdt kl mft Hit gidng thvc hdnh ndo, G V cdn duo ro dupc quy Mnh cho mdt cdng vlic cy i h l vd phdi ihvc hdnh d l hudng ddn ngudi hpc thyc hlin cdc cdng vlic iheo ddng trinh h/ cda bdng auy Hnh dd Dliu lidy Ilin quan d i n hinh d$ toy nghi cda GV Chinh vlv^y, ngodi vlic phdi chudn 1>| ddy dd gido hinh, Idi Iliu, gido dn, md hinh hpc cy, G V ede mdn thvc hdnh oSn hong b| cho minh mdt Mnh dd KN n g h i dd d l h/ hn l i n Idp hudng ddn ngudi hpe Idm iheo nhOng gl minh vdo Idm mfiu c) )@y di/ng bdt gidng Theo chdng Idi, ed t h i xdy dyng bdi gidng thao edu hdc gdm phdn sou: - Plidn md l dupc lupng kiln thdc ll ihuylt cdn thilt, gldl thich dupe nguyin ll hopt d^ng cdo thill bj hong n(}i dung bdi gidng, d ^ blit phdi ldm ihve hdnh mfiu h>dn bd cdc bude hong bdng guy Mnh hudcSVvd phdn lich nhung uu, nhuoe dllin vd edc sal hdng thudng sdy ddi vdi ihlll bj hong ndi dung M l hpc - Phdn kdl ludn G V phdi h i ihdng hda kiln ihde cdo bdi hpc d l gidp SV ndm vOng kiln thdc; d|nh hudng SV flip tyc nghlin cdu, mo r ^ klUt ihde vdo itiyc l l cudc sdng; ddnh gid nhdn xit idng kit bdi hpe, gioo nhiim vydnt^pvlllHiuyd, toy nghi, chudn bj bdi cho flit hpe sou mdt cdch (Xem ndp tmng 44) Tap chi Blio Jwc s6 oa a • g/MiM cdch tfnh hl^u cOa hai sd hqng lidn tllp ddy, ta s3 phdt h l ^ quy lu^, trdncosddddl nd Id d$c l$p, rling 16 md cdn bilt kit hqp vdt nhilu phuong phdp khdc d l tim cdc cdch gldl quylt vdndl d SaS chl ro sd hqng tllp theo cua ddy (xem so dd 1) c) Hodn todn tuong tg, to Hm dut^c quy lu^t cOa ddy ndy {sodd 2\ Bdn bdi lodn trfin cho t h ^ , v l ^ glOp HS tilu hqc «tim kilm quy tu^T d l gldl cdc bdi todn Id m^t phuong dn gldl quylt vdn d l rtft cd hl^u qud V l | c «t}m kilm quy lu^r dd gl6p HS phdt hl|n vd gldl quylt duqc vdn d l cOng nhu tim ro cdc kit qud d^p cOa todn hqc di/o trin m^t sd thoo Idc tu cv t h i nhu: phdn dodn, so sdnh, ddi chllu, CM i h l hod, khdl qudt hdo, tuong tg hda, quy k;i v l quen, Tdm I g l , dqy hqc todn, vt|c HS Hm kilm cdc quy luQt d l gldl m$t stf bdi todn Id m0t phuong phdp Sodd hl|uqud,gll^ cdc emtimduqc nhOng Idf gidi hoy vd d^c ddo; nhUn, s8 Id hl$u qud hon nlu chung ta khdng xem Phat huy vai tn cua do! ngu (Tlip theo Irang 12) cv t h i , hqp vdl d i i tuqng ngudi hqc vd mqc Hiu bat hqc 2) Ndng cao chdt hqng ihi/c hidn bdi gidng Ngoat vifc chudn bj t l i gido dn, gido trtnh, tdi lifu thom khdo Ilin quon vd ddv dO cdc bqi thili bj Ihvc tdp, md hinh hqc cv cdc thilt b| h i trq (nhu: mdy Knh, mdy dn\iu, phdng chilu, so d l , bdng ua Ml u p or ao me ngne lo, nqn cne Kn oa v i ^ ndi ngqiig, ndi Idp gidng g U i Khi gidng cdn rd rdng, ngdn gqn, ddt lihodt; khIo I t e d i n dot ngudi hqc theo ^ d i su phqm cdg bdi hqc; - Tdc phong suphqrrr G V oin cd tdc phong binh H'nh, tv fln, gidng gidi soy sua, nhlft Knh, i l l cudn ngudi hqc Khi thoo tdc Hive hdnh mfiu cho SV, G V cdn phdi Idm dOng quy trtnh, d u i n d f i n tdc, vd chinh xdc v l chuyin mdn; - Tqo khdng Hi/ vd (I) Alfred S.Posamentier - Steptien Knilik PmblemSolvlng Strategies for Efficient and Elegant Solutions, 1998 TAi llf u tham khio £>d Trung Hi$u - Le Tiling Nlilt Nhdng d i Toto hay cda tutfl tbcr NXB Gido d^ic, H 2005 Trfln Vui Tlil/t ki'cdc md hinh todn tich cftc vdi THE GEOMETER S SKETCHPAD, Hul 2006 j VO Qudc Chung "Vfkn dyng phuong phip dfy hgc "ph&l hi$n v& giii quyA v ^ At" d£ hinh th^nh cOng Ihftc Ifnh difn tfch hinh tam gi&c d tiiu hqc" Tjip cM Gido due stf 75/2003 SUMMAIIY Constnjctlvtsm Is a new and positive vlewpoht^ learning, to conshuctown knowledge, leamenhave to have prot)lem-soMngsiai,tt)b Is ttie most txsilcitdl mttioboslcskmoff^tathemallcsanctlsabottietlntildt vtfilcti students have to taring Witt) ttiemwtienleav^ the sctioot to Integrate with the real Bfy According to Steptien KnJk and JessBARudnlcdc, there are ten ProtilemSoMng Strategies forEftldent and Elegant Soluhons, Inducing 'searching cmd dScovering rules' Thetallowingarticle mentions some problems of the primary math education curriculum and helps teachers as we9 as students recognlaltiat 'searchhgcffid discovering nMes'to solve ttie prot> lems 1$ considered as a prolslem-sotirino rriBltiod for efficient and elegant solutions md/frudng hqc ldp v u / v i : gidng bdi GV d n tqo mdi quon h f thdn riilll, gdn oDI, ddn c h l , tin trqng ngudf hqc d l khuyin n i k h n q thorn gig ode hoqt dfng md G V dug ra.Q TiiUtutbamkliio Luf t D«y Bght nam 2006 Ctiitfn luqc ph&t niin Tnidng Cao ding nghi co kill nSng ngllitp giai tofn 2009-2013, tim nhin 2020 Trudng Cao ding nghi Co ndng nghi^ Bdo cio cdng Uc dvy nghi nam 2009: 2010; 2011 Tnidng Cao ding nghi c o ndng nghi$p Bdo cdo cdng tdc ddo t(io cdc ndm 2009; 2010; 2011 SUMMARy Teaching the practical subfects at Vocatlona ColegeofAgHculluiollylechanlcslsveiylnvonantlo lt)eciuastyoftralnlngmehumaniesource.lnorderto teaching the practical sutiects wen, teochersneeid lohavegoadskmandpiepaiBthelessonplcrscaieMy.espadaly.ltlsnecessaiyfOrlhecolegesloequp fuH equipments and learning models for students as wen as use Infomtatlon technology In teaching '^ Tan Chi Glao due so ya x • »/»OIM ... hl$u qud hon nlu chung ta khdng xem Phat huy vai tn cua do! ngu (Tlip theo Irang 12) cv t h i , hqp vdl d i i tuqng ngudi hqc vd mqc Hiu bat hqc 2) Ndng cao chdt hqng ihi/c hidn bdi gidng Ngoat... G khd ndng lay nghi cOo h>ng SV; khuyin khIch SV h/ ihllt k l ede md hinh kr thudt iheo n f I dung bdi gidng, mdn hpc Ndng coo chdt luprng bdi gidng 1} Ndng cao chdt lupng cdng tdc c/iudTn bl... h l , tin trqng ngudf hqc d l khuyin n i k h n q thorn gig ode hoqt dfng md G V dug ra.Q TiiUtutbamkliio Luf t D«y Bght nam 2006 Ctiitfn luqc ph&t niin Tnidng Cao ding nghi co kill nSng ngllitp