NGHIEN diu Q NANG Lire CHU CHOT TRONG CHUONG TRINH GIAO DUC PHO THONG TS PHANTHJLUY£N Trung tam Nghien ciiu Gido due Pho thong 1 N&ng life chO chdt Du In DESECO (Definition and Selection of Competenci[.]
NGHIEN diu Q NANG Lire CHU CHOT TRONG CHUONG TRINH GIAO DUC PHO THONG TS.PHANTHJLUY£N Trung tam Nghien ciiu Gido due Pho thong N&ng life chO chdt Chuong trinh Gilo due Quebec tfl chin NL, Du In DESECO (Definition and Selection of d e NL tfd tfuoc nhdm lai bdn loai: Competencies - Xle tfinh v l lUa chpn ele nSng luc) - NL tri tue: SU dung thdng tin, gidi quyit vdn di; tfd nghiln eflu v l khli ni^m va iua chpn d e ning Ipc ldp ludn cd phe phdn; sCtdung tuduy sdng tgo (NL) chfl chdt Muc tieu chlnh eCia DESECO II phit - NL phuong phap: sddung phuang phdp Idm triln vl tfua nin ting li thuyit eho vile xic tfinh viec hiiu qud; sUdyng cdng nghi thdng tin vd truyin mpt t i p hpp toin di&n NL chu chdt ed lien quan thdng cho d e d nhin, xa hdi v l td chUc kinh t l Cflng - NL ca nhan va xa hoi: phdt huy tiim ndng cua vdi DESECO, d e td chfle dinh gii hiln nhu ALL cd nhdn; hap tdc vdi ngUdi khdc (International Adult Literacy and Life Skills Survey- NL lien quan tfen giao ti4p: Giao tiip mgt Khlo sit qudc t l v l hpc vin ngudi Idn va kT nang cdch thich hgp sdng) v l PISA (Programme for International Student CIc NLtfdcdntfupcgili thfch rd hon vin Assessment - Chuong trinh Danh gii hpc sinh qudc ban chuong trinh: tl) tfa cung d p ele bing chflng tfe chUng td ring NL SCfdung thdng tin: Nhan biet ele ngudn vi|c tflu tu vio NL chfl chdt la rit tflng gll,tfdcung thdng tin khic nhau; bilt tfUpc noi tfe tim kilm II mdt phuong ti^n tfl ting cudng kinh t l v l phit thdng tin (sach, internet, thU vien, phdng hpe, tap triln x l hpi ehi, gilo vien, ); thu thap thdng tin; sfl dung bieu CIc nghi§n cUu thue hi?n pham vi tfd;tfuara thdng tin tfe sfl dung; ed the wit / ndi v l d e van tfl tfa hpetfupc;ed the tfit elu hdi v l nhiJng DESECO d l cho rAng cic NL chfl chdt: • II cdng cu cho d c nhu d u phUe tap tfilu mdi NL Gidi quyit vdn di: Phin tfch vin tfl; bilt nhilu Ilnh vuc cfla cudc sdng; • gdp phin quan trpng kit qui eao d van tfl II gl; cd t h i ndi v l vin tfl; suy nghi v l ele dip tfd el nhin v l x l hdi v l mdt cudc sdng thinh giai phip; nghi/ndl ve gili phip; thfl nghilm de gili phip; lua chpn gili phip; ed ging tim gili phip; Ip cdng ; • quan trpng tfdi vdi t i t d de d nhin tfl dung phuong phip tilp cln linh hoat; ed ging tim ddl phd thinh cdng vdi nhufng thieh thfle phflc tap de gili phip khic nhau; tflnh gll d c thfl tuc tfa sfl dung; bilt nhflng gl tfa Ilm, nhflng gl ehua Ilm vl nhilu Unh vpc tfua gili thich Chuang trinh gido due Bang New South Wales NL Ldp ludn cd phi phdn: Hinh ))' kiln; (Oc) thi eho ring: NL chfl chdt II NL chung d n thilt cho sp tham gla cd hieu qui hiln tai vl phat biet nhflng gitfUpchdi; cd t h i chpn elu tri Idi eho triln hpc tqip cho gilo dpe, cdng vi§c v l cudc sdng ciu hdi; the hiln lip luln cfla mlnh; cd t h i gili thfch y kiln cfla mlnh; cd the gili thich tal y kiln cua tuong lai nd) chung Kit luln v l khuyin nghj cfla DESECOtfatfupc mlnh la tdt nhit; hdi tfu tfilu kien tfl thfle hiln quylt cdng bd bio d o cudi cflng mang t i n 'Nhflng tfjnh cfla mlnh; hilu ring nhflng ngu&i khic cd ning lyt chfl chdt cho mdt cudc sdng thinh cdng va the cd y kiln khie mdt x l hdi tdt" (Rychen v l Salganik biln soan nim NL Sijtdung tuduy sdng tgo: Bilt cln Ilm gl; 2003) Ning lut chfl chdt cho ngudi Idn dukiin se II: hinh dung cleh thfle tiln hanh; nghi (tudng tupng) linh ho^t, cd ning thfch flng, tfdi mdi, sing tao, v l nhflng gl phii Ilm; ludn cd ging tim gili phip ning tfdng, tfl hudng din, tU phit triln v l tu chiu NL set dung phuong phdp Idm viic hiiu qud: trich nhi^m v l quylt tfinh cfla hp Phin tich d c nhilm vu; bilt tfupc nhOmg gl tfl Ilm; NL chO chdt chuong trinh gido due nghtvl cleh tdt nhit tfl Ilm; sfl dung nhOrng y tu^nig cfla mlnh; thue hiln nhi@m vu; sfldung thdi gian v l phd thdng m^t s6 niidrc 2.1 NL chO chdt cho HS phd thdng Qu&iecvit lilu mdt cleh tdt nhit; hoin thinh dU In; phin tfch d c bude Ilm vile cfla mlnh; bilt tfupc nhflng gl (Canada) S(i7g-THAN64/Z01Zf 17 Q NGHllNCilU- se tot cho cdng viee minh lam NL Sd dung cdng nghi thong tin vd truyin thdng (ICT): N i m vijmg edng n g h i thdng tin v l t r u y i n thdng; cd nhflng thdng tin co b i n v l m i y tinh; ed t h i k h I m pha phan mem mdi; sfldung edng n g h i thdng tin tfl thue hien nhiem vu; b i l t p h i n m i m tfe sfl dung cho n h i l m vu; b i l t d c h khie tfl n h i n sUgiup tfd bj m i e ket; b i l t tfupc nhflng gl cd the d l d i n g I l m tren m i y tfnh NL Phdt huy tiim ndng cOa ed nhdn: Cdi m d vdi n g u ^ xung quanh; nhan e l m xfle; cdng n h i n e l m xflc eCia ngudi khic; n h i n thfle vj trf cfla mlnh; cd lua chpn r i l n g cfla mlnh; cd niem tin vao b i n t h i n ; b i l t b i n t h i n I I mdt phan cfla nhdm; t i n dung tdt ngudn Ipc c l n h i n cCia minh; lam tdt v i l e eCia b i n than NL Hop tdc vdi ngud/ khdc Tucmg t i e vcri mot tinh t h i n eft md; I l n g nghe ngUdi khac; tdn trpng y tudng eua nguc^ khic; sfl dung tfdi ngu I l m viec h i l u q u i ; I l m viec tdt vcfi mdt tfdi t i c ; trd n&n hflu ich eho ngudi khic; tfdng gdp v i o no Ipc cfla nhdm; chia s i edng vile; hpp t i e vcri t i t e l cac ban cflng Idp NL Giao tiip mdt cdch fh/c/j/ipp: T h i l t l i p muc dich giao t i l p ; biet n I o d n ndi chuyin; b i l t n I o p h i i chd tfpi; chpn che tfd giao t i l p ; bieu thj mong mudn p h i t bieu va chd tfd tfen lupt ndi; sfl dung ngdn ngfl co t h i thieh hpp, tf flng cleh tfe giao t i l p ; thue h i l n vile giao t i l p ; ndi rd r i n g vdi ngfl tfl^u "vfla p h i i " ; sfldung tdt t f l ngfl 2.2 NL chd chdt cho HS phd thong Hdn Qudc Chuong trinh GD H I n Qudc mong mudn tao ngfldi ed: - 77nh hap tdc: Cd t r i i tim ndng nhi&t, cd sp nhay d m tfao tfflc, ed y thfle edng tfdng manh me, cd k l ho?ch h i n h tfdng dua t r l n n i l m tin vflng chle r i n g eon ngUdi ehi cd the tim thay y nghTa cfla cudc sdng tr) quan h i tdt dep vdi ngudi khic v l vdi mdi trudng - Tinh sdng tgo: L l ngucrt eleh t i n v l theo kip nhflng t i l n bd nhanh ehdng v l cdng n g h i , thdng tin, k i l n thfle; vdi no Ipc cfla mlnh Hp q u y l t t i m sfl dpng t h i n h tuu l y tfl nang cao c h i t lupng cudc sdng mdi quan h§ hai hoa vdi mdi trudng - Ddu dc cdi m& Nguc^ n h i n rd khdng gian sinh tdn cfla mlnh khdng chi gidi han d ncri cfltrfl v l tfat nUdc mlnh m l t r l n thuc te la t o i n bd t h i gidi, ed t h i sdng hda tfdng vdi d c nhdm chung tdc khic - Hudng t^cdng viic: Ngudi cd tinh tfdc lip, hflu dung, cd tfao tfflc edng vile; coi mpi edng v i l e tflu tflng trpng, khdng ke eao sang hay t h i p h I n 2.3 NL chd chot cho HS phd thdng New Zealand IS-KHOAHpCGUODVC Chuong trinh GD New Zealand chi n i m NL chfl chdt la: tuduy; sd dung ngdn ngd, ki hiiu vd vdn bdn; tt/qudn If; lien quan din nhdng ngUdi khdc; tham gia vd ddng gdp V i n b i n chuong trinh New Zealand cflng tfl eu the eic NL tfp: Ni I Tuduy: La q u i trinh k i t hpp sing tao gifla thdng tin, kinh nghiem va y tudng CIc qua trinh niy cd the I p dung eho ele muc tfich nhu p h i t trien su hieu b i l t , quyet dinh, hinh hanh tfdng hole x i y dung k i l n thUc Sd hflu trf t d m d la trung t i m cfla k h i nang HS cd NL g i l l q u y l t v i n tfl I I ngUdi chfl tfdng t i m k i l m , sfl dung v l tao kiln thUc Ho p h i n anh v l viec hpc cfla mlnh, rdt kiln thUc d n h i n v l trpe giac, dat d u hdi, thaeh thUe ele g i i tfjnh va n h i n thfle NL Sfl dung ngdn ngd, k( hiiu vd vdn bdn: HS cd NL sfl dung ngdn ngfl, b i l u tflpng va v i n b i n la nhiJfng ngudi ed the hieu v l sfl dung d c tfl, sd, hinh I n h , chuyen tfdng v l cdng n g h i nhilu ngfl d n h Hp nhan d c h lua chpn ngdn ngfl, ki hieu hole v i n b i n I n h hfldng tfln sU hieu b i l t cfla ngudi v l nhflng d c h m l hp t r i Idi cic v i n tfl Ho tU tin sfl dung edng nghe thdng tin (khi thich hpp cd t h i bao gdm c l cdng n g h i t r p giflp) tfe truy c i p v l cung d p thdng tin v l giao t i l p vdi ngfldi khic NL Tuqudn If: HS t u q u i n If I I ngUdi manh dan, t h i o v i t , tflng tin cay va mem d i o Hp t h i l t l i p muc t i l u c l nhan, l i p k l hoach, q u i n If cdng vile v l tfat t i l u ehuin eao Hp cd c h i l n lupc eho nhCfng thich thfle, b i l t n I o hudng dan, n l o I l m theo, n I o v l I l m t h i n l o tfe hoat ddng tfdc lip NL niy la l i l n k i t vdi tfdng co t u Ipc, nhd tfd HS t h i y mlnh \k ngudi hpe ed k h i nang NL khdng t h i t h i l u tfl HStu tflnh g i i NL Liin quan din nhCfng ngudi khdc Tuong t i e h i l u q u i vdi ngucri k h i c m d t loat d c ngfl d n h NL bao g d m k h i nang iSng nghe tieh cue, thuong lupng v l chia s i ^ tudng, b i l t n l o cin canh tranh v l n l o s§ thfch hpp tfe hpp t i c Bing d c h I l m v i l e hi^u q u i vdi nhau, hp se trudng thinh, ed t h i tiep c l n -jf tUdng v l each tU mdi Ni Tham gia vd ddng gdp: NL n i y t h i hiln v i l e tich cue tham gia v i o edng tfdng Cdng tfdng bao gdm gia dinh, trudng hpe v l nhflng ngudi dua t r l n mdt Ipi ich hay van h o i chung NL bao gdm NL tfdng gdp m d t d c h thfch hpp nhfl I I mdt t h i n h vi^n cua nhdm, thuc h\in d c k i t ndi vdi ngudi k h k va tao CO hdi eho nhflhg ngUdi k h i e nhdm Nhflng HS tham gia v l tfdng gdp cdng tfdng se cd e l m giac t h i n thude v l t u tin tfl tham gla bdi d n h mdi Ho hieu t i m quan trpng cfla quyin, vai trd, trach nhi&m v l tfdng gdp cho su c h i t lupng NGHIEN CCni v l tfnh b i n vflng cfla mdi trudng x l hdi, vSn hda, t h i c h i t , kinh t l 2A NL did chot cho HS phd thong Bang Illinois (Mi) NL c l n tfat cfla HS phd thdng Bang Illinois gdm: Giao dip hiiu qud bdng ngdn ngUndi vd ngdn ngdviiv HS cd k h i nang v i l t mdt cleh rd r i n g va t h u y i t phue, tfdng thdt chflng mlnh dupe minh ed k h i n i n g t h u t h i p thdng tin tin cay I l m co sd cho d e l u l n tfilm trinh b I y 8/ef rfpc vd wet hiiu qud: HS khdng nhflng ed k h i n i n g dpe v l h i l u t o i n di&n m l cdn p h i i cd k h i n i n g n i m b i t v l p h i p h i n y tudng cfla ngudi khic - Tuduy phi phdn vd logic HS b i l t d c h phan biet su k h i c gifla quan tfilm chfl quan cua mdt d n h i n v l nhflng y k i l n k h i c h quan n h i m tfua chfnh k i l n cfla b i n t h i n trude mdt v i n 6e n l o tfd • Bilt phan tfch tfinh tfnh, tfinh lupng va kt n i n g b i c eao v l m i y tfnh; - Tu linh hoat v l cdi md, h i l u biet tfay tffl v l vin hoi; - B i l t t d n trpng d e g l l trj dao tfflc; - Hilubflttflytfflvlclcphuongphlpkhoahpq Hieu biet s i u sic v l k i l n thfle mdn hpc 2.5 NL chu chdt cho HS phd thdng Oc Chuong trinh qudc gia Oc tfl d l mucn NL chfl chdt I I : doc hiiu; Idm todn; ki thudt thdng tin vd tmyin thdng; nhijmg ki ndng tu duy; hdnh vi liin quan din dgo dUc; sdng tgo; tuqudn; Idm viic nhdm; cdm thdng cdc nin vdn hod khdc; NL xd hdi CIc NL tfd dupe n l u rd hon v i n b i n chuong trinh: • NL dgc hiiu vd NL Idm todn: nhflhg k i l n thfle •ki n i n g v l h i l u b i l t d n p h i i tfflpe sfl dung v l p h i t t r i l n mpi Unh vflc hpc t i p • Thdng tin vd cdng nghi truyin thdng (ICT): sfl dpng d c cdng n g h i ; tflnh g l l tfd tin ely, tfnh ehfnh x i c v l h c ^ I I cfla d e ngudn thdng tin • K7 ndng tu tfl c i p tfln mdt loat d c h ap dyng d c ho^t ddng trf t u l ed l i l n quan den sfl dung thdng tin tfl tfat tfflpe k i t q u i Chdng bao gdm c&c y l u td n h u g i l i q u y i t v i n tfl, tfua q u y l t dinh, t u p h i p h i n Ki n i n g t u d u y I I edt Idt nhat cfla hoat ddng tri t u l • Ttfqudn II: bao g d m q u i n If; theo dot, p h i n I n h v l d i n h g l l vl$c hpc t i p cfla b i n t h i n ; l i p k l hoach v l thue hi^n edng vi§c ddc l i p ; chju t r i c h n h i l m v l h i n h vi cua mlnh; hpe hdi t f l t h i n h cdng v l t h i t bai, khdi xudng v l q u i n If d c mdi quan h i c l n h i n ; t u y thfle v l cd the g i l i thfch d e q u y l t tfjnh cua chfnh mlnh • Suhiiu biit cdc nin vdn hod: tflnh g l l v| tri ele Q n i n van hda; t d n trpng sp tfa v i n hda cua Oc; tflnh gia su k h i c biet v l da dang • Hdnh vi lien quan din dgo dUc bao gdm su s i n Idng, quyet t i m v l kha nang suy nghi, tfua nhflng danh g i i v l h i n h xfltfdc l i p ; cd ham mudn va NL tfl lam viec vi Ipi fch chung • NL xd hdi t a o gdm lam viec hai hda vdi nhflhg ngfldi khic, gdp p h i n hudng tdi muc tieu chung, x i c tfjnh va chap nhan vai trd, t r i c h n h i l m cfla ca n h i n v l nhdm; tdn trpng c l n h i n v l nhdm, xac tfinh nhflng tfilm manh eua d c v i l n nhdm, x i y dung mdi quan he xa hdi 2.6 Nang li/c chu chot cho HS phd thong Singapore CTGD Singapore mong mudn tao nhflng ngfldi cd y thfle t u nhan thfle, ed tfao tfflc ed k i l n thfle v l ki n i n g c l n thiet tfl ddi mat vdi nhCJffig t h i c h thfle cfla tuong lai, chju t r i c h nhiem vdi cdng ddng, gia tflnh v l tfit nude HS tflnh g i i cao v l dep cfla t h i gidi xung quanh, sd hflu m d t t i m hdn v l co t h i I l n h manh, cd n i l m say me cudc sdng Tdm lai, tfd I I ngfldi: - ti/tin: ed ^ thfle di^ng sal rd rang, ed k h i nang thfch flng va linh hoat, b i l t tUchju t r i c h nhiem, sang sudt p h i n tfoln, suy nghi tfdc lap va p h i p h i n , giao tiep h i l u q u i ; - ti/dinh hudng: chju t r i c h n h i l m v l vide hpe cfla mlnh, dua d u hdi t h i c m i c , p h i n anh v l k i l n tri hoc t i p ; - tfch aic ddng gdp: ed k h i n i n g I l m v i l e h i l u q u i d e nhdm, chfl tfdng I l m vile, tfnh t o i n c l tfln nhflng rfli ro, ludn p h i n tflu v l sing tao hudng tfln su xuat sic; - cdng ddn cd trdch nhiim I I ngudi g i n bd vdi tfat nudc Singapore, cd y thfle edng d i n manh me, ham hieu b i l t ed vai trd tfch cflc v i l e e l l thien cudc sdng eua nhCJng ngudi xung quanh 2.7 VSu cdu ve NL chi/ang trinh thong Viet Nam Trong q u i trinh t r i l n khai tfdi mdi ehuong trinh g i l o due nhflng n i m dau the kl XXI, D i n g va N h l nudc d l ban h i n h n h i l u v i n b i n tfjnh hudng.Trong ele van b i n tfd cung cd nhflng van b i n d l d p tdi y l u cau v l hinh mdt sd NL Nghi q u y l t Trung uong k h o i VIII ve g i l o due va dao tao da xle tfjnh: " H i t sflc coi trpng g i l o due chfnh trj, tutfldng, n h i n eleh, k h i nang t u d u y sang taovaNL thuc hdnh." Hdi nghj k h o i IX v l phUong hudng p h i t t r i l n g i l o due-tfao tao tfln n i m 2010 tfa k h i n g tfjnh:"edi mdi ndi dung, chucmg trinh, phuong p h i p g i l o due theo hudng chuan h o i , h i l n dai h o i , tang cudng Slf7g-THilNGVZ012>19 Q NGHltNCOb g i l o due tU s i n g tao, NL tuhgc, tutu dudng, ttx tgo viic ldm' ChiinluacphdttTiingidoduc200l-20IOcdni\i: " Xay dung t h i i tfd hpc tap dflng d i n , phuong p h i p hpc t i p chfl tfdng, tich cue, s i n g too; Idng ham hoc, ham h i l u b i l t , NL tuhgc NL vdn dung kiin thUc vdo cupc sdng" O i l u L u i t Gilo due n i m 2005 eung tfa neu:" , hinh t h i n h v l bdi d u w i g n h i n d c h , pham c h i t v l NL cda cdng ddn d i p flng y l u d u cfla su nghiep xay dung v l b i o v l Td qudc" Trong y&u cau ve pliuong p h i p g i l o due, O i l u Luat Giao due cflng tfa chi ra: " , bdi dudng cho ngudi hpc NL ttS hgc, k h i nang thpc h i n h , Idng say me hpc tap v l ]? chi vuon lin" Trong muc tieu g i l o due c3p THPT tfa tfl cap d i n v i ^ " ed tfilu k i l n lua chpn hudng p h i t trien v l phdt huy NL cd nhdn" O i l u tfd cho thay quan tfilm g i l o due p h i i hudng tdi viec hinh NL ngUdi hpe tfa tfupc quan t i m v l the hien Tuy n h i l n , d c h p h i t bieu khdng h o i n toan n h u v l cdn chung chung n h u NL cda cd nhdn, NL cua cdng ddn, NL vdn dung kiin thdc vdo cudc sdng NL tuduy Du cd tfl cap tdi d c NL ehUOng trinh nhung ehuong trinh cfla ta chfla thpc sp chfl y tfln vide ren l u y f n NL CIc tflnh g l l v l g i l o due phd thdng eung ehl neu chung chung v l mflc tfd tfat tfupc cfla k i l n thfle, ki n i n g v l t h i i tfd Thfle c h i t nhflng n h i n t d c i u t h i n h NL tuhpc, NL thuc hdnh cflng khdng tfupc tfl c i p tfln mdt d c h s i u sic d c tflnh g l l n i y O i l u tfd eho thiy, m i c dfl d e v i n b i n chi tfao yeu d u giao dpe p h i i hudng tdi viee hinh t h i n h NL t h u t h i n h , NL t u hpc NL s i n g tao, song cung chua cd n g h i l n eflu n l o d l e i p v l I l m rd ndi h i m cflng nhu nhflng NL can tfupc hinh t h i n h d ngudi HS Vi v i y tfanh g l l , khd ed the soi v i o muc tieu vdi nhiJng t i n g bae c l n dupe t h i hien ehi t i l t tfe t h i y tfupc rd hon k i t q u i m l g i l o due tfl tfat dupe Ket luan ve nang luc ciia CTGD Mae du nang Ipc chfl chdt CTGD mot s6 nudc dupe d l c i p d t r e n cd nhiJfng diem khic nhau, nhung c i c CTGD tap t m n g vao ba nhdm n i n g luc: Hdnh dpng mpt cddt tti chd, sdng tao - Cd k h i nang b i o v l v l k h i n g tfjnh q u y i n , Ipi fch, t r i c h n h i l m , nhu d u c l nhan v l nhflng gidl han cho p h i p ; - Cd k h i n i n g xay dung v l t h u t h i f n k l hoach dnhlnvadcduin; - Cd kha n i n g h i n h ddng h i l u qua dieu ki&n, h o i n d n h thay doL Sit dtfng edng CIM mpt cdch thong minh - Cd kha n i n g sfl dung ngdn ngfl, bieu tupng • KHOA HQC eUtODlfC v l d e van ban mdt d c h tieh c u e - Cd k h i nang kiem soat k i l n thfle va thdng tin; - Cd k h i nang sfl dung edng nghe mdi mdt each phu hpp Tuang tdc hod dong v^ nhieu nhdm xd hpi - Cd kha nang thiet lap quan he vdi ngudi k h i q - Cd k h i nang hpp t i c - Cd k h i nang a l u chinh v l h o i g i l i d c mau thuan Mdi nhdm nang l u t se tap trung vao nhflng thudc tinh cu t h i Nhdm NL "Hdnh dgng mdt cdch tu chd, sdng tgo' tap trung hinh t h i n h b i n sic c l nhan v l tinh t f l chfl Nhdm NL 'SUdung cdng eu mdt cdch thdng minh' nham tao sp tieh cue v l sing tao thdng qua viee sfl dung nhCmg cdng eu v i t chit v l xa hdi nhat djnh Nhdm 'TUOig tdc hod dong vdi nhiiu nhdm xd h&T nhan manh den k h i n i n g t h i l t t i p quan he qua lai vdi ngUdi khie (trong eflng mdt nhdm hole vdi d c nhdm khic) Trong q u i trinh chuan bj ehuong trinh eho giai tfoan tdi, c l n cd d c n g h i l n eflu kT hon v l n i n g lUc tham k h I o viee xay dung cae NL chfl chdt cfla cac nUdc CIc n i n g lue d n tfupc x i y d i ^ g tren co sd v i n dung linh hoat kinh nghiem chuong trinh d e nUdc dua t r l n c i c y l u d u cfla muc tieu GD N i n g lUc cu the cfla mdi nhdm se tfflpe l i ^ chpn v l k i t hpp vert theo mdt logic nhat djnh n h i m thfle h i l n cic muc t i l u GD, d i p dnq yi\i cau cCia x l hdi v l t i i p c l n vdi xu hudng cfla t h i gidi TAI LIEU THAM K H A O Bd GD&OT, Chuang trinh gido due phd thdng (2006), NXB G i l o d u e Ludt GD Viit Nam ndm 2005, NXB Chlnh trj Qudc gia, 2005 Chucmg trinh d e nudc New Zealand, New Jersey (Mi), Uc H I n Qudc Singapore, Quebec (Canada) Mpt sd trang vreb v l chuong trinh: http:// nzcurrieulum.tki.org.nz; httpy/www.qcda.gov.uk/ curriculum; http://www.moe.gov.sg; http://www eurrieulum.edu.au SUMMARY The article discusses areas of key competences in euniculum of general education and introduces key competences which are focused for high-school students in selected countries Finally, the author analyzes competence requirements in Vietnam education curriculum so as to meet society's demands and match international trends ... thong Viet Nam Trong q u i trinh t r i l n khai tfdi mdi ehuong trinh g i l o due nhflng n i m dau the kl XXI, D i n g va N h l nudc d l ban h i n h n h i l u v i n b i n tfjnh hudng .Trong ele van... nhan manh den k h i n i n g t h i l t t i p quan he qua lai vdi ngUdi khie (trong eflng mdt nhdm hole vdi d c nhdm khic) Trong q u i trinh chuan bj ehuong trinh eho giai tfoan tdi, c l n cd d c... dudng cho ngudi hpc NL ttS hgc, k h i nang thpc h i n h , Idng say me hpc tap v l ]? chi vuon lin" Trong muc tieu g i l o due c3p THPT tfa tfl cap d i n v i ^ " ed tfilu k i l n lua chpn hudng