CAGHTHUGIUCHUI; CHU HUC SINH DIKUATVAGIAIOUYflUAITAPiHHUlNG TRONG DAY HOC NGll VAN BAC TRUNG HOC O TS, TRUONG THI BICH" Bdi tap tinh hudng (BTTH) Id dgng bdi tap (BT) «cd cd''''u true ngdn ngu chuyin hda[.]
CAGHTHUGIUCHUI; CHU HUC SINH DIKUATVAGIAIOUYflUAITAPiHHUlNG TRONG DAY HOC NGll VAN BAC TRUNG HOC O TS, TRUONG THI BICH" B di tap tinh hudng (BTTH) Id dgng bdi tap hpc ndn GV edn gii/ cho tiln trinh dy duoc thtrc hien (BT) «cd cd'u true ngdn ngu chuyin hda mdu dung tien dp, ddm bdo ndi dung vd nghe thudt eua thudn Uidch quon thdnh mdu thudn chu quan TPVH; ehu dpng phdn bd, to chuc cdc edu hdi, cdc di dugc mot sdn phdm nhqn tfiuc trung gian giua BTTH vdo nhOng thdi diem thieh hop nhdt, biit vd chua biit BTTH vua cd chuc ndng djnh 2) Cdch thuc GV duo BTTH cho HS thdo hudng tim Idi, hjc ehue ndng tdchue cdc hogt dgng ludn, trd Idi tiet dpy hpc vdn khdng «vi nhdn thOc, vira md hda ditdi dugc mot dung luqng phpm" hoy Idm dnh hudng d i n not dung euo kiin thuc, kTndng nhdt djnh' [\) Trong day hpc ddi mdi PPDH: phdt huy tinh tich cue, sdng tpo, NgO vdn (NV), n l u diroc «gia cdng su phpm" hpp cho dpng cua HS Cdch thuc ndy se phdt huy mdt li, BTTH se Id dpng lye tdm If kfeh thfch tim tdi ddi fich eye nhi/ng BTTH md GV dua kich thfch vdi HS; tpo nhi/ng «hodn ednh hpc tqp", dqt HS dupe thij tiep nhdn, khoi ngudn ndng lye fruoc ede «vdn de vdn hpc" budc cdc em tu duy, h/dng tuqng cua HS - mpt ndng luc rdt quon trpng hopt ddng tich cue, sdng too; cung cd'p kiln thuc, viec khdm phd, c h i l m h'nh TPVH kt ndng vdn hpc cdn nhdn thi/c vd cdch thuc h/ 3) GV ehu dpng dinh luong, «gdi ghem" dupe duy, pht/ong phdp nhqn thi/e cho ngudi hqc dung lupng kiln thuc trinh bdy gid hpc theo Thong thi/dng, t i l t dqy hpc vdn, gido thdi gian quy djnh (45 pbiJt) vien (GV) Id ngudi duo ro vd'n de de hpc sinh HS duo ro BTTH - GV vd HS cung thdo (HS) thdo ludn, trd Idi Tuy nhien, d mdi BTTH, ludn, trd Idi GV Iqi dd chudn bj sdn phuong dn trd Idi Trong D l phdt huy tdi da tinh tich cue euo HS, djnh hi/dng ddi mdi phuong phdp dqy hqe (PPDH) vol trd to chi/c, djnh hudng, GV cdn tqo dieu phdt huy Hnh tich eye, sdng tqo euo HS, chung to kien cho HS dupe ehu dqng duo mdt so' edu cd the mqnh dqn dua mdt cdch thi/c td chuc hdi, BTTH h-ong g i d dpc - h i l u TPVH khde: tpo dieu kien cho HS dupe hdi, dupe chij «Thdi diem" HS dua vdn de thich hpp nhd't ddng dua BTTH v l nhi/ng gi cdc em cdn ehi/a de thdo ludn Id h i t Luyen tdp CX tiet hpc hieu, cdn hodi nghi v l ndi cfung vd nghe thudt ndy, dudi sy djnh hudng, td chuc cua GV, HS dd tac phdm; hoqe duo BTTH vdi phircrng dn trd ndm dupe tuong ddi chdc cdc vd'n de co bdn cua Idi dd dupe chudn bj d l nhdn mqnh, de khdng TPVH, torn du «vdn lieng" d l cd t h i trd Idi tdt dinh nhi/ng gi riit duqe quo qud trinh khdm cung nhu cd t h i dqt cdc BTTH chdt tupng GV phd, edt nghta tde phdm vdn hpc (TPVH) Nhu cdn khuyln khich HS dua ro nhOng BT the hien su vdy, se ed hoi cdch thi/c chfnh td chuc BTTH «hodi nghi, thdc mdc" sou dupe djnh hudng dpy hpc N g i / vdn (NV) bde trung hpc nhu sou: tim hieu, khai thdc gid trj cOa TPVH Chi cd nhu G V dua ro BTTH - HS thdo ludn, trd Idi vqy, GV mdi ndm duqe muc dp tiep nhdn TPVH Ddy Id cdch thuc td ehi/c cho HS hqe tdp, tim dS kjp thdi b d sung, dieu chinh nhi/ng d i l m edn h i l u TPVH thdng dyng nhd't, dupe «khai thdc" vd y l u , thilu vd phdthuy nhCrng diem td't d HS, qua dd tqo nen tfnh dn djnh cdn thiet vi nhi/ng ll do: dd ren luyen cho ede em su ty hn, tinh tfch eye 1) Xdc dinh ndi dung vd duo « h l n trinh" qud trinh Ididm phd, cat nghlo TPVH bdi dqy TPVH Id mdt cdng viec khdng t h i thilu BT cd gid trj tu h/ Id BT tu nd dd hdm y trd Idi dupe vai hrd ci!ia GV Cd nhieu nguyen nndn, vd ed tde dyng gdy nhi/ng ôkhodng Idng" cdn dd, nguyĐn nhdn quan h-png Id TPVH vdi ede «ldp thilt GV cd the hudng dan HS dua nhung BT nghta" (hdm an, tirang trung, thanh, tri, ) ndy vdo ddu tilt hpc (nhdm gdy Hnh huong, khdi vdn luon Id bdi todn nhdn thuc khd cho HS trung hpc Hon ni/a, vi Id ngudi duo «tiln h-inh" bdi * Tn/0ng Dai hoc s\l pham Ha Noi Tap chi Giao due s6 (Wi a • la/aon) # ddng, kich thich tdm the son sdng cho vl^c t i l p nhdn vdn hpc cua HS) hodc eud'l t i l t hpc ( d l tqo dm hudng, tpo «du ba" tdm tri ngudi tiep nhdn du tdc phdm d d k i t thuc) To chuc cho HS b i l t dua ro cdc vdn d l cOa ndi dung bdi hpc h/c Id GV d d giup cdc em cung suy nghl, trdn trd vd c6 nhiem vy chung \\%p nhdn TPVH; ddng thdi y thi/c dupe vol trd euo bdn thdn «e6ng ddng nhd" - Idp hpc Vdi nhung vdn de «tdm ddc", «gan ru5t" eiJa minh, HS d d thye sy ed niem soy m§ chdn thdnh, sy ddng cdm sdu sdc vdi sd phdn cdc nhdn vdt tde phdm, thyc sy ed hoqt dqng h/ cdm nhdn vdn chuong Thye t l , vdn dyng kl ndng ndy dqy • hpc vdn, HS dd dtro dupe n h l l u BTTH rdt hpp If, b d ich, chung td si/c sdng tqo, khd ndng tu nghe thudt dich thye d cdc em VI dy day vdn bdn Chiec luge nga ciia Nguyen Quang Sdng (NV9) (2), GV duo ro y&u edu «Hay de xud't mdt so BT h> ndi dung tdc phd'm ndy di cd Idp cung thdo ludn, trd Idi", HS dd cd mdt sd d l xud't sou: 1) «Ba ngdy anh Sdu nghi phep ngdn ngui Id ba ngdy be Thu khdng nhdn cha, khdng thSm ggi mat tiena ba Thi nhung ta van nhqn thdy ben sybudng binh day cd tinh dy Id mot tinh yeu cha ven nguyen vd mdnh liet Suy nghicOa bqn ve Idi nhdn xet ndy"; 2) «6qn hay phdn tich chi tiit vdn hqe: tiing thet ggi ba eua be Thu gidy phut chia tay vdi ngudi cha cOa minh - anh Sdu vd tiing ggi ba tdm tudng cua cd giao lien Thu vdi ngudi bqn cua cha - dng Ba"; 3) «Trong dem duqe bd ngogi gidi thieh, be Thu dd hiiu vd nhdn cha minh, tgi be khdng nhanh ehdng nhdn (ha md mdi din phut gidy chia tay cudi cung, sau nghe anh Sdu ndi «Thdi ba di nghe con", be Thu mdi thef gqi vd dm chdm lay cha?" Cd t h i ndi, nh(/ng BT nhu vdy rdt ed tde dyng vlee ren tu vdn hpc cho HS, ddnh thuc nhung xuc com dfch tht/c ve tdc phdm vdn chuong cung nhu phdt huy tinh tich eye, sdng tpo cua ede em Vol cdch td chi/c too d i l u kidn cho HS neu cdc van d l md cdc em chua h i l u hope tdm huylt, thfch thu g i d day hpc vSn, GV khdng nhCmg d d thye hien dung mo hinh «thdyfhiitkitrd thi cdng" md edn «sdng tgo" ro md hinh mdi «trd thiit ki- thay + trd thi cdng" Thilt nghT, ddy Id each Idm rd't tot d l tdc ddng, khoi day su quon tdm cua HS tdi h^e phdm vdn hoe - mot d i l u vdn vd cung khd khdn h-ong ede g i d dpy hpc vdn Tuy nhien, too dieu kien cho HS duo BTTH, GV edn luu y: 1) NhCrng vd'n de HS dua ro phdi ndm trpng tdm bdi hpc, phu hpp vol y d d , mye dfch cua G V ; 2) PhCi hpp vol thdi gian quy djnh tren Idp; 3) GV cdn tinh tdo, vi/ng vdng d l x u ll nhi/ng edu hdi chua d u n g , chua hay, thdm chi xa rdi trpng tdm bdi hpc, Tdm Ipi, sy sdng tqo, tfnh tfch cue, ndng lye \u vdn hpc cua HS se dupe phdt huv n l u GV bp mdn b i l t kh6o l l o tdc ddng, ddnh thuc sy auan tdm euo ede em tdi tde phdm; ddng thdi b i l t khai thdc, su dyng nhung BT hoy eua cdc em vd dieu ehinh nhi/ng BT chua hay thdnh nhi/ng BT thye sy mong Knh vdn hpc Khdng t h i noi Id ede vdn d i HS dua d d Id ede BTTH; hjy nhien, vdi sy djnh hudng ciia GV, cdc BT ndy se Id cdc ndi dung vdn hpc cd vdn d l , ed tdc dyng kfeh thfch h/duy sdng too d l tim k i l m Idi gidl ddp V( dy v l cdch tht>e td chuc HS d l xudt vd gidi q u y l t BTTH d p y hoc N V bdc trung hoc 1) Xdy dvng BTTH Khi day hpc vdn bdn Anh trdng ctio Nguyen Duy (NV9), G V d u o BTTH sou: Hdyduaracac BT khai thdc cdc chi tiit nghe thudt gdp phan Idm nil bdt y nghTa cua bdi thcr" Vdi edu hdi ndy, HS sdi ndi tim tdi, phdt bleu vd tim dupe mdt sd Hnh hudng (h/c Id cdc chi l i l t nghe thudt) sou: 1) Gidi thich y nghTa nhan de Anh trdng; 2) Tgi tdc gid khdng ddt ten bdi tho Id Vang trdng md Ipi Id Anh trdng"; 3) Tpi d khd tho ddu, tdc gid sudyng hinh dnh « v d n g f r d n g ' e d n d k h d tho cudi, tde gid Ipi dCing hinh dnh dnh trdng'? 4) Hay Idm rd net ddc sdc eua blen phdp hj ti/ so sdnh: Ngua mat len nhin mdt/Cd edi gi rung rung/Nhu Id dong Id bi/Nhu Id sdng Id rung? 5) Hdy chf mdi lien he dpc ddo giua khd tho thu nhd't vd khd tho thu 5? Cd t h i ndi, vdn de md HS di/a cd y nghlo viec bpc Id ehu de tde phdm 2)GidiquyitBTTH ã d Hnh hudng 1: ôGiai thieh y nghTa nhan de «Anh trdng" GV edn gliJp HS h i l u rdng, hinh dnh «vdng trdng', «dnn trdng" ludn xuyin suit todn bd bdi thcr trdng dep, hdn nhl§n, treo, mdt m l , thuy ehung, tri k i , dn Hnh dn nghTa; trdng dp lv/i?ng, boo dung nhung cung rdt nghl&n khde ddnh thuc dpy luong tdm euo nhi/ng ngi/dl dd mdt thdi gdn bd gian khd tt/dng dd Idng quen hda vdo vdi eupc sdng hien dqi du ddy A n h trdng bd't chat dem dm dnh tarn h-i tdc g i d , khiln tdc gid «rimg n j n g " nhd Iqi nhCnig kr niem mdt thdi Dd ehinh Id ngudn cdm hung, Id thi h> ddi ddo d l tde gid c cho HS h/ de xudt vd gidi quylt cdc BTTH gid dpy hpc NV bde hpc Id mpt nhi/ng bien phdp quan trpng gop phdn hodn thien cdc PPDH ndi ehung vd PPDH vdn ndi ridng theo ^ n h ht/dng ddi mdi Q (1) Dinh Quang Bao "Tinh huO'ng d&o tao giao vien" (bao cSo hOi thao khoa hpc) Vien nghien cihi sir pham - Dai hpc sir phiim H^ NOi thang 4/2011 (2) NgiJ-vSn NXB Gido due H.20(M (3) Tr^n KiSu (chii bien) D6i mui phutmg pli^p day h9c o* truong tmng hoc c a s a NXB Gido due, H 1997 SUMMARY Organizing students'self-proposing and self-solving sltucitlon exercises In Philology teaching session Is one the important measures earned at perfecting teact^ng methods in renewed direction # ... thich tdm the son sdng cho vl^c t i l p nhdn vdn hpc cua HS) hodc eud''l t i l t hpc ( d l tqo dm hudng, tpo «du ba" tdm tri ngudi tiep nhdn du tdc phdm d d k i t thuc) To chuc cho HS b i l t dua... vlee ren tu vdn hpc cho HS, ddnh thuc nhung xuc com dfch tht/c ve tdc phdm vdn chuong cung nhu phdt huy tinh tich eye, sdng tpo cua ede em Vol cdch td chi/c too d i l u kidn cho HS neu cdc van... minh - anh Sdu vd tiing ggi ba tdm tudng cua cd giao lien Thu vdi ngudi bqn cua cha - dng Ba"; 3) ? ?Trong dem duqe bd ngogi gidi thieh, be Thu dd hiiu vd nhdn cha minh, tgi be khdng nhanh ehdng nhdn