NGHIEN CUI) & l/NG DUNG OANH GIA N A N G tlJC CUA HQC SINUI QUA CAC BAI TAP TRAC N G M I I M K H A C H QUAN HOA HOC HUU Cd BANG HiNH YE CO NOI DUNG THUC NGHIEM ThS Le Danh Binh Trudng Dgi hgc Vinh Phd[.]
NGHIEN CUI) & l/NG DUNG OANH GIA N A N G tlJC CUA HQC SINUI QUA CAC BAI TAP TRAC N G M I I M K H A C H QUAN HOA HOC HUU Cd BANG HiNH YE CO NOI DUNG THUC NGHIEM ThS Le Danh Binh Trudng Dgi hgc Vinh T rong day hoc hda hgc d trudng phd thdng hign nay, trdc nghigm khdch quan dugc sii dyng phdi hgp vdi tu luan kiem tra ddnh gid ket qud hgc tap Vdi dgc thii Id mgt mdn khoa hgc thyc nghigm, mgt nhung nhiem vu co bdn ciia dgy hgc hda hgc Id hinh vd phdt trien cho hgc sinh (HS) nhimg nang Iyc nhu: Ndng lyc quan sdt; ndng Iyc tu duy; ndng lyc lam viec; ndng Iyc van dung kien thiic de ^idi quyet cdc VEUi de thye tien Thdng qua kiem tra vd thdng qua viec sir dung cdc bdi tap trdc nghiern khdch quan, chiing ta cd the danh gid dugc nhimg nang lyc ma HS dat vd chua dat, tir cd ke hoach dieu chinh ndi dung dgy hgc Dd ddnh gia nang lyc quan sat; nan^ Iyc van dung kien thlie nhdm gidi quyet cdc vdn d l lien quan den thyc tien, chiing ta cd the xdy dyng cdc bdi tap trdc nghiem khdch quan hda hihi ca bdng hinh ve cd ngi dung thyc nghigm Sau ddy la mdt sd vi du: Vi du Cd dng nghiem, mdi dng dyng mdt chat khde nhau, ehiing dugc lip ngugc tiong cdc chdu nude Do Khii Khi tan cua chiing dugc md td bdng cdc hinh vg Khi ndo cd dg tan nudc ldn nhdt? A Khi I B Khi C Khi D Khi Phdn lich: De gidi bdi tgp ndy, HS phdi cd ky ndng quan sdt cac hinh ve thi nghiem Thdng qua quan sdt, HS phdi van dyng cdc kien thirc ve vat ly ciing nhu hda hgc da dugc hgc de tim phuang an dung, dd la cd tan tdt nhat se la chiia dng nghigm cd myc nudc dang cao nhdt vi vay ddp dn diing la C ' Vi du 2: Co HS^tiln hdnh thi nghiem dieu che Oxi bdng phdn ung nhiet phdn KMnO^ theo cdch Hay cho biit cdch ldp dat dng nghiem nhu hinh ve ndo sau day la dung nhdt? Phdn tich: Bdi tgp ddi hdi HS phdi cd kha ndng quan sdt va van dyng kien thiic dd hgc de tim phuang dn ndo la diing nhat Tir cdc hinh ve tren, dya vdo kien thuc ve oxi Id mgt ndng hon khdng khi, cdc phuang dn tren deu cd the hgp ly nhung thyc nghigm phuang dn A la dung nhat Vi O^ ndng hem khdng nen dng nghiem can lap hai nghieng mieng dng nghiem xudng de , thoat de dang va ciing de trdnh trudng hgp hoi nudc sinh qud trinh dun ndng thudc tim ngung ty rai xuong day dng nghiem Iam vd dng nghiem Vi du Co dyng cu dieu che dugc lap ddt nhu hinh Trong phdng thi nghiem^ dung cu tren cd the diing de dieu che vd thu nao? A NH3 B HCI C C2H2 ^ D C2H4 Phdn tich: De gidi bdi tgp ndy, HS phdi cd ky ndng quan sdt hinh ve thi nghigni Day la bg dung cy dieu che chdt tir chdt ran vd chdt Idng, sdn Ngay nhdn bai 25/9/2012; Ngay duy& ddng BI GIAO DUC-SO 87-11/2012 • 13 NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG phdm sinh dugc thu qua nude vi vgy ddy khdng phdi Id dyng cy dieu chl NH, vd HCI vi cac deu tan nhieu nudc Day ciing khdng phdi dyng c\i dicu che CjH_, vi chat ban ddu Id chat rdn va chat Idng Vgy ddp an dung la C Day chinh la dyng cy dicu chl C , H , Vi dy 4: Trpng phdng thi nghiem, de dicu che vd thu mdt sd tinh khiet, ngudi ta ldp bd dyng cy thi nghigm nhu hinh vc sau: sir dyng d l thu cdc njng hon khdng Vdi gid thiet ciia bdi tgp nhu vgy, phuang an dung Id phuang dn B, tire Id chi cd the sir dyng dc thu cdc n§ng han khdng Ben cgnh dd GV ciing cd the sir dyng cdc bdi tap trdc nghiem khdch quan liep quan den thyc tien cugc sdng dk kilm tra k5^ ndng vgn dyng kicn thirc ciia HS vdo giai quyet cdc van de thyc tien Vi dg Trong cdng nghigp bong Trong dd: Pheu A: chiia chat long Binh B: chiia chat ran hoac chat ldng Binh C: chira chat Idng Binh D: chiia chat Idng Binh E diing de thu Hay cho biet dyng cy tren cd the dimg de dieu che vd thu dugc cac ndo day cdc sau ddy? A Hj, O Cl^, H^S, SO^, CjH^, C,H c k B Cl HCI, H^S, SO^, NO,, CO,, C.H^, C,H C NO,, NH CO, CO CH^, C,H C3H D 0-, CL, HCI, H^S, SO,, CH„C,H, Phdn tich: Ddi vdi bdi tap nay, HS phdi quan sat vd nhan thdy binh E thu de ngtra mieng binh Ien tren nen chi che tao rugt phich, ngudi ta thudng thyc hign phdn img hda hgc ndo sau day de trdng bgc; A Cho axit fomic tdc dyng vdi dung djch AgNO./NH^ B Cho andehit fomic tdc dyng vdi dung dich AgNO / NH C Cho axetilen tdc dyng vdi dung djch AgNOj/NH, D Cho glucoza tdc dyng vdi dung djch AgNOj/NHj Phdn tich: Bdi tgp dpi hdi HS phdi van dyng cdc kien thiic ve cac chat Phuang an C khdng cd phan iing trdng bac Ba phuang dn cdn Igi cd phdn ling trdng bgc nhung HS s6 phai van dung kien thiic ve tinh chat ciia cac chat de lua ehgn chdt su dyng tirong thyc tien cho hgp Iy Vgy ba - TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC-SO 87-11/2012 phugng dn dd, phucmg an D Id hgp ly hem ca vi sii dyng glucoza s5 khdng d g c v d cho gid thdnh rd hem cdc chit khac Nhu vgy cd thl thdy rdng thdng qua vigc sir dyng cac bdi tgp trdc nghigm khdch quan hda hgc hihi ca, GV co the kiem tra - ddnh gid dugc mgt sd ndng Iyc ciia HS m^t cdch nhanh chdng vd hgp K, gdp phdn vdo xu hudng doi mdi phucmg phdp day hoc theo djnh hudng phdt hien ndng lyc ciia HS d nhd tnrdng phd thdng giai doan hi|n Tdi ligu tham khao Le Danh Binh, Xdy dtfng cdu trdc nghiem khdch quan bdng hinh ve phdn hda huu ca chuang trinh hda hgc thong Tap chi hda hgc va img dung, sd /2011 Nguyen Xudn Trudng Phuang phdp day hgc hoa hgc d tru&ng phd thdng NXB Gido dye, 2005 Lam Quang Thiep Trdc nghiem vd ing dung NXB Khoa hgc ky tiiugt, 2008 Hda hgc 11 NXB Giao dye, H 2008 Hda hgc 12 NXB Giao dye, H 2008 Summary The content of the article refers to the assessment of the capacity of the student through the use of objective testing questions organic chemistryj Through concrete examples that teachers can checkevaluate some capacity: the capacity to observe, capaci^ fromonly, the capacity to apply knowledge to solve practical problems associated with life ... nhu vgy, phuang an dung Id phuang dn B, tire Id chi cd the sir dyng dc thu cdc n§ng han khdng Ben cgnh dd GV ciing cd the sir dyng cdc bdi tap trdc nghiem khdch quan liep quan den thyc tien cugc... khdch quan bdng hinh ve phdn hda huu ca chuang trinh hda hgc thong Tap chi hda hgc va img dung, sd /2011 Nguyen Xudn Trudng Phuang phdp day hgc hoa hgc d tru&ng phd thdng NXB Gido dye, 2005 Lam Quang... phdi quan sat vd nhan thdy binh E thu de ngtra mieng binh Ien tren nen chi che tao rugt phich, ngudi ta thudng thyc hign phdn img hda hgc ndo sau day de trdng bgc; A Cho axit fomic tdc dyng vdi dung