ngudi va cd t h l ed Idp nhim tao khdng khi th in mat trong Idp hoc 3 L lm chu Giiip hpe sinh Idm chO dUdc qud trinh hpe cua minh vd ky hpp ddng • Neu mue dich cua mdn hgc Ngu cu t h l cac ygu eau cd[.]
DliNDAN ngudi va cd t h l ed Idp n h i m tao khdng t h i n mat Idp hoc L l m chu: Giiip hpe sinh Idm chO dUdc qud trinh hpe cua minh vd ky hpp ddng • Neu mue dich cua mdn hgc: Ngu cu t h l cac ygu eau cd t h l dat dupc d ede mde gidi, khd, trung blnh 64 hpe sinh lUa chpn Ngu rd k l hoaeh thdi gian, cic ygu ciu v l kilm tra, thi Hop ddng: Hpe sinh tU n h i n eae ydu c i u vd trao ddi vdi nhdm Giaoviecnhdn viee v d t u nhdn viee Sinh vien thiet ke bdn ke hoach hpe theo cdng doan eua ban c h i t viec hoc ndi d trgn Mpc - Hinh: Tiep nhan thdng tin (nghe gilng), hoc, hdi, t u hdi, hieu, thuc hdnh Kiem tra, d i n h gid cd ve sd lupng vd chit lupng Tieu ehuan danh g i i p h l i dap dng cd yeu elu cua bdn chit viee hpc.Dd Id: Thich ddng, thiic hign duge, dae duoc, danh gid dupe, mem hda cho loai gidi, khd, trung binh Ve cac lUc lUcTng va phUtfng tien giao due a, Ket hpp chat che, ddng bd nha trUdng, gia dinh va xa hdi b Kit hpp xay diing v l sd dung tdi uu cie phUOng tien giao due td thd so den hien dai theo eae xu the ddi mdi phUdng phap day hoc trinh biy dtren Tiep tuc t h i dua day tdt, hoc tdt theo dung t u ti/dmg giao due cua Hd Chi Minh Ngn phat dpng phong trao: Hoc tap va van dung sdng tao tutudng g i l o due v l cleh day hpe ciia Hd Chi Minh ddi ngu giao vien Hoe tap va v i n dung sang tao tutudng gilo due vd cich day hoc cua Hd Chf Minh hpe sinh, smh vien va hpe vien Trong nhieu nam qua chung tdi da nghien edu, day hoc v l bien ed ket q u i tdt ndi dung d cic bd mdn Gido dye hpe, Ly luan day hpe dai hgc, Ly luan day hpe hien dai, PhUcJng phap day - hpe giao due dan sd, Ngoai ngd eho nhieu ddi tUOng khae nhu smh vien, hpe vien cao hpe, giang vien dcac trudng dai hpe, cao dang va phd thdng d cac tinh, phd nhu d Ha Ndi, Hdi Phdng, Nghe An, Ha "TTnh, Hul, TP Hd Chi Minh va d mdt sd nudc nhu Lao, Campuchia, Angola Nhd da v i l t dUdc mdt sd sich, mpt so bdi bdo vd da dupc d i i phat va truyen hinh gidi thieu O HC THONG KV NANG TU HOC TROIMG MOI TRUONG HOCTAPHieNOni NGUYEN GIANG NAM ^ ^ ~~ Trucrng Oai hoc Cong nghiep Hd Noi | D o t i c ddng sau rdng ciia khoa hgc va cdng nghe, bdi ednh mpt t h l gidi biing nd thdng tin va canh tranh de phdt trien, lUpng tri thdc hang tang len theo cap sd nhan Nhieu thay ddi dang dien ra, tU khdi niem den phuong cham hoat ddng, tU phuong thdc tu duy, quyet dinh den phuong thUe hoc tap (HT) Trong dd, thdi gian vat chat cua eon ngudi I I gidi han Mdi ea nhin mudn tdn tai va phat triln, phli t i i HT thudng xuyen va thieh nghi cao dp vdi nhdng bien ddng Phuong phap gido due mdi va ki thuat da phuong tign dang ngU tri mpt trUdng HT hien dai, mpt hinh thdc gilng day mdi dUpc hinh thanh; he thdng giang day mdy tinh da phuong tien Dd la mang may tinh ma ngudi day giang qua may chii va ngUdi hoc nghe giang, kham pha qua mang may tinh, KT thuat da phuong tien lam thay doi rat Idn giao trinh va giao dn, Gilo trinh khdng chi ven ven la nhdng cudn sach in ma cdn la loai sach giao khoa dien td cd chd, hinh anh, tieng ndi Be thich dng dUOc vdi nen giao due mdi va mdi trUdng HT hien dai, ngUdi hgc giai doan hien phli cd su thay doi ve quan diem HT: Hgc de biit, de chung sdng, de khing dinh, de lam viec; phong each HT: ddc lap, tu ehii, khoa hpe ; yeu td tam li HT: tu tin, quyet dodn, tich eUe, tu g i d c ; sU hda nhap cac mdi quan he vdi ngUdi khac qua trinh HT: ban be, thay cd giao Ndi each khae, ban thdn ngudi hpe can xay diing va hinh nhOfng ki nang (KN) t i i hgc 64 cd the HT higu q u i va tham thau nhCmg gid tri tinh hoa eua nhan loai ma nen gido due hien dai, tien tien dem lai IVIdi trudng hoc tap hien dai 1.1 Quan niem Day hoc truyen thdng thudng lay tiep can hudng vao giao vien, nghia Id lay nhdng yeu eau cua xa hdi, cua ||!iJH!iiH!l c ngudi Idn b i t hoe sinh phdi tuan theo, Theo dd, nhdng chuan miic ciia ngUdi Idn dUOc coi I I nhdng quy tic Co sd ciia ldi gilo due niy Id gilo due hoc uy quyln Trl em ehing qua Id ngudi Idn thu nhd l^i Day hpe theo quan nidm niy l l m cho ngudi hgc thy ddng, nhdng y tudng dupc ddng khung mdi trUdng khgp kfn, CO hdi chia sd, hpp tde HT khdng nhilu Cleh day v l elch hpe truyin thdng giai doan hign khdng cdn phu hpp nda, thay vdo dd ehung ta can xiy diing mdi trUdng gido due, HT hign dai Ljch sd gido due ciia lodi ngudi ed nhilu t u tudng t i l n bd ve v i n d l niy: Td thdi cd dai eon ngudi da ehii y ddng vign tinh tich cue vd sdng tao ciia t h l he trg, dieu dd t h l hign qua t u tudng ciia cdc nhd gido due: Socrate {469 - 390 TCN) da tdng ngu khIu h'l^u: Anh hdy tu biet tdy anh Phuong phdp ndy thudng gpi Id phuong p h i p Socrate n h i m mue dieh p h i t hign chdn Wbing eleh d i t edu hdi de goi cho ngUdi nghe d i n d i n tim k i t luan Khdng Td (551 - 479 TCN) quan tam den vigc kieh thich sU suy nghT cua hgc sinh: Khdng tdc gidn vt muon biet thi khdng ggi md cho, khdng buc vi khdng rd dugc thi khong bdy ve cho Vdt cd bon gde bdo cho biet mdt gde, md khdng suy nghi ba gde thi khdng day nda, John Dewey (1859- 1952), chii trUOng p h l i dua vdo kinh nghiem thUe t l eOa ngUdi hpe, vigc gidng day p h l i kfeh thich duoc hdng thu, p h l i de ngudi hpe ddc l i p tim tdi, t h i y g i l o la ngUdi t h i l t k l , ngudi covin Ben giai doan hien nay, xu the t r i l n vpng n h i t day hpe, giao due chju I n h hudng triic tiep eCia sU p h i t trien nhu cau cua ngudi, trUde h i t Id nhdng nhu e l u g i n l i l n vdi hpe van, tri thdc, tay nghe, sU dat ve mdt xa hdi, hanh phuc eiia ed nhdn ddi sdng cdng ddng da dang Do vay giao due n g i y phdi xdy dUng mdi tradng HT hign dai d l ngudi hoc mudn hpe {nhu eau HT), b i i t hoc kT nang {KN) v l bien phdp HT, hoc lanh manh (ddng eo diing d i n ) , hgc ben bl (y ehi HT), hoc cdng (ket q u i va chat luong), hpe ehd ddng va dpe lap (khit vong, y thdc tugide HT) Nhu vay, mdi trUdng HT hien dai p h l i I I mdi trudng tao d i l u kign eho ngddi hpe tri viee hge, c i i thien hieu q u i , chat lupng HT, k i l m soit qua trinh va ket q u i HTciia mlnh v l HT hi§u q u i cao ngudi hpe e i n phdi x i y di/ng, hinh thdnh nhdng t i i u ehuIn n h i t dinh: Ti6u chuin t h i i 6^ HT: Ciu hpe (ddng Idc ndi sinh, thiic d i y vd