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NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG MO RONG VON TIT THEO CHU DIEM G A N VOI TRUONG NGHIA TRONG P H A N MON LUYEN TU VA CAU LOP 5 ThS HuJ''''nh Kim Tudng Vi Tricang Dai fiQc Dong Thdp Von tir ciia hgc sinh vi?e md rgng[.]
NGHIEN c u u & UNG DUNG MO RONG VON TIT THEO CHU DIEM G A N VOI TRUONG NGHIA TRONG P H A N MON LUYEN TU VA CAU LOP ThS HuJ'nh Kim Tudng Vi Tricang Dai fiQc Dong Thdp V on tir ciia hgc sinh vi?e md rgng von tir gdn vdi (HS) Tieu hgc la todn bg cdc tir vd cdc don vi tir tuang duong vdi tir ciia ti^ng Vi$t, t6n tgi tri 6e ciiaciia HS HS vd dugc dyng duge HS hinhsir tir tronghaiqua giaocon tiep.dudng Von qua contrinh dudng: tu nhien (qua vi^c nghe mgi ngudi xung quanh giao tiep, qua sdch bao hoac cac phuang tien thong tin dgi chiing ) va dudng co y thirc (thong qua vi?e hgc tap vd sy hudng dan ciia gido vien (GV), sach vd mgt each c6 he thong, eo ke hoa,ch, tir ngii dugc thu nap vdo von tir ciia HS mgt each CO y thirc) Von tir tich luy tri 6c ciia HS kh6ng phai Id md hon tgp ma duge to chuc nhung he thong lien tudng nhat dinh He thong lien tudng Id mgt he thong gdm nhieu dan vi ng6n ngii c6 nhirng net ehung ve hinh thuc hoac ve ngi dung, lam cho HS diing trudc mgt chii diem, de ddng nghT din, lien tudng din nhiing tir, nhung don vj khac Cling mgt he thong Co the n6i tu ngii phai dugc t6n tgi dau 6c HS nhu mgt h? thong (he thdng ldn bao g6m nhilu he thong nho vdi cac cap bac khae nhau) thi tu ngii mdi dugc tich luy nhanh chdng va sii dyng mgt each d§ dang Do do, de HS Tieu hgc ed mgt he thdng tu nhdt djnh thi trudng nghTa Id mgt eon^ vi?c quan trgng khong the thieu dgy ki^u bai Md rgng von tir theo chu diem phan mon Luy?ndiem tir vd cau tim c^ch chu bangd Idp Mtir d r9ng von tir theo nhirng ngir ciing trirdng nghia Md rgng v6n tir theo chu diem bang cdch tim nhiing tir ngQ ciing trudng nghTa giiip HS hinh y thue ldm giau von tir cho bdn than Qua viec tim cac tir ngii eiing mgt trudng nghTa ndo d6, HS co the ty kiem tra, danh gia duge von tir eiia minh Chang hgn, GV yeu cau HS tim cac tir ngii chi "dieu may man, tdt lanh" cd chiia tieng "phuc", neu HS tim dugc nhieu tir, tiic la von tir cua cdc em phong phii va nguge lgi Ngoai ra, qua vi^c dinh hudng HS Md rgn^ v6n tir theo trudng nghTa gan vdi cae chii dilm, HS co thi luyen dugc kT nang huy dgng von tir eiing bilu thi mgt sy vat hay hien tugng ndo d6 d l sii dyng hoat dgng giao tilp nhu: ldm van mi£ng, vilt mgt doan van hay mgt bdi van, k l chuyen chiing kiln hoac da tham gia Muon HS tim dugc nhiing tir ngii theo ehu dilm gdn vdi trudng nghTa, HS edn c6 nhung hieu bilt v l phgm vi hien thuc ddi sdng thuge chii Ngay nhan bai 25/6/2012; Ngay duyel dang 27/6/2012 • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DMC - SO 83 - 7/2012 diem ndo dd Nhiing hilu h\k ndy bilu hi^n khong dong deu giiia cdc HS vd dugc coi la khd doi vdi HS tieu hgc, nh§t Id eae ITnh vyc khong gdn gui vd quen thugc vdi cac em De giiip HS md rgng v6n tii bdng cdch tim nhirng tir ngu ciing trudng nghTa thi dau tien GV phdi cho trudc mgt yeu to va mdi (^uan h? v l nghTa giua cac yeu td dd hoae dua vdo cac tu mau va van ban san c6 de tim cae tir ngii ciing loai, cimg o ^ mgt trudng nghia, ciing thugc mgt chii diem hoge mot phuong di^n ciia chu diem Vi du: Bai tgp cua bai "Md rgng vdn tir: Thien nhien" yeu eau HS tim nhiing tir mieu ta s6ng nude thi GV can giup HS hieu dugc nghia bieu vgt cua tir song (^nude sdng, ho, bien gid thdi cudn len timg Idp) Sau dd, GV se chia trudng nghTa song nud-c cae trudng nhd ban nhu: cac td td tieng sdng (mau la: i W ) ; cac tii ta lan s6ng nhe (mau la: lan tan ); cdc tir ta dgt sdng manh (mau la: cuon cudn ) PhSn tich so sanh \k doi chiiu de nhan difn nhirng net nghia khde ciia n h u n g tu- ngir nlim m$t trirdng nghla Md rgng vdn td blng each giiip HS md rdng va phat trien vdn tii dya tren cac quan h? ddng nghia, trai nghTa ciia tir va d\ra tren nguyen tac so NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG sanh, ddi chieu Cac tir ngdn ngii la mgt he th6ng ldn, bao ham long n6 nhiing he thdng nhd thugc cac thic bac khac Cae tu ddng nghTa, trdi nghTa dugc coi la nhiing he thdng nho han Trong mdt trudng nghia ed the phan eac trudng nho hon Qua su so sanh, ddi chieu cae trudng nghTa nho hon ciia cimg mdt trudng nghTa thi nhirng sac thai rieng eua timg tu dugc bgc Id ro net Nhu vay, chiing ta eo the nhgn thay viee so sanh, ddi chieu chi la phuong dien, la bien phap cdn viee md rgng vdn tir mdi la myc dich Vi dy: Cac tir can bg, chien sT, binh linh, binh sT, sT quan eo nghTa gidng va khac nhu the nao? Trudc het, xet tren mdt trudng nghTa rgng thi cac tii tren thudc trudng nghia chi lihixng ngudi phye vy quan dgi Sau do, xet quan he ddi lap giira cac tir, ta thay mdi tir tren cd nhiing sae thai nghTa rieng vd c6 thi phan chia thdnh hai trudng nghTa nhd hon Id: nhung ngudi linh quan dgi (chien sT, binh linh, biiih sT) va nhirng ngudi e6 ehiic vu, quan hdm quan dgi (can bg, sT quan) Khi hudng dan HS jphaii tich so sanh va ddi chieu de nhan dien nhiing net nghia khac cua nhiing tir ngii ndm mdt trudng nghTa, GV cin van dyng mdt each ty nhien, kheo leo quan diem he thdng, phuong phap he thdng vao viec xac Igp ede trudng nghTa nho hon eung mdt chu diem vd trudng nghTa Do do, mudn xdc dinh cac tir ngii thudc trudng nghTa nho hon trudng nghTa ldn cua mgt chil diem, ta lan lugt xet quan he dong nhat de tim rihiing diem chung ve nghTa giiia cdc tu Ke den ehiing ta xet tren quan h? doi lap (so sdnh, ddi chilu) de tim nhiing tir thuge trudng nghTa nhd hon Vi dy: Bai tgp cua bai "Md rgng vdn tii: Bao ve mdi trudng" yeu eau HS sap xep cac tir: phd rimg, trdng cay, ddnh ca bang min, trdng rimg, xa rae bira bai, dot nuong, san bat thii rimg, phu xanh ddi trgc, ddnh cd bang dien, budn ban ddng vat hoang da vao hai nhdm: nhdm hanh dgng bdo ve moi trudng va nhdm hanh ddng phd hoai mdi tmdng Nhu vay, trudng nghia bdo ve moi trudng se bao gdm trudng nghia chi hanh dgng bao ve mdi trudng va trudng nghTa chi hanh dgng phd hoai mdi trudng GV cd the giiip HS so sanh de xep cae td tren hai nhdm trudng nghia trai nguge nhau: trdng rimg - pha rung, trdng cay, phu xanh ddi trge-ddt nuong Giai nghla tir bllng nghia bieu v^t Giai nghTa tir la mdt ba dang bdi tap chu dgo ciia kieu bai Md rgng vdn tir theo ehii diem Viec giai nghTa ttr eho HS vd hudng dan eho HS tap gidi nghTa tir la eong vi6c then chdt va trgng yeu Gidi nghTa tir tdc Id lam cho HS nam duge nghTa eua tir bao gdm viee them vao vdn tir cua HS nhiing tir mdi va nhirng nghTa mdi ciia nhiing tu da biet, lam cho cac em nam dugc tinh nhieu nghTa cua tu va CO the sap xep cdc tir theo mgt h? thong dya tren mgt chii diem Day id mgt nhiing nhi?m vy quan trgng cua day Md rgng vdn tic theo chu diem d Tieu hgc ndi ehung va d Idp ndi rieng Vdn de dat Id d6i vdi HS Tieu hge, cac loai nghTa cua tir Id nghTa bieu vat (nghTa gan lien vdi su vat, hien tugng, duge ggi ten) va nghia bieu niem (nghTa gan lien vdi nhiing dac trung, nhiing thudc tinh ban chat ciia su vat, hien tugng, dugc ggi ten) ehi nen yeu cau HS nam nghla bieu vat GV khdng nen yeu cau HS giai thich eiia tir mdt each that chat che, khoa hgc va mang tinh "hdn lam" nhu tir dien Do vay, GV can ton trgng, ghi nhan va chap nhan each gidi thieh tu mang tinh trye quan, theo ldi khoi phuc cac bieu tugng, phan dnh caeh nghT, each nhin nhan cdc sy vat, hien tugng the gidi khach quan mdt each don gian C6 the n6i, viec Md rgng vdn tir, dac biet Id Md rdng vdn tu theo ehu diem cd mgt nhiem vu vd ciing quan trgng ehuang truih Tieng Viet d Tiiu hgc ndi chung vd d ehuang trinh Idp ndi rieng Bdi le, day Id bien phap Idm gidu von tu eho HS mang tinh he thong cao Cang he thdng hon khai niem trudng nghTa vd nhirng vdn de cd lien quan dugc dua vao gidng dgy chuang trinh Luyen tir vd eau thdng qua kieu bai md rgng (Xem tiep trang 9) TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 83 - 7/2012 • IIBSBBSBCS mgt kich thudc (egnh eiia hinh vudng) nen hieu dd se chinh Id 9-4 hay ldn kich thudc ciia hinh vudng Tu dd ehiing ta c6 egnh cua hinh vudng Id 24 nhu da tim duge Ket luan: Thdng qua vi?c phan tieh hai bai toan hinh hge d tren chiing tdi hy vgng bdi viet se giiip eho giao sinh vd gido vien tieu hgc cd mgt so kinh nghi?m day hinh hgc Rat nhilu cdc bai todn khde cung ed thi tim tdi phdn tieh tuong ty Viec thudng xuyen rdn luyen ky nang phan tich nhu cdc vi dy tren se giiip cho gido sinh va giao vien tu tin hon diing tren bye giang, gdp phdn vao vi?e nang cao chat lugng giang dgy vd hgc tap d bgc tieu hgc Tai li^u tham khao Dd & Le (2003); Do Trung Hipu vd Le Tien Thanh, Tuyen tap De thi HQC sinh gioi bdc Tieu HQC mon Todn, NXB Gido dye (2003) D6(1998); DO Trung Hi?u, Cdc hdi todn dien hinh lap 4-5, NXB Gido dye (1998) Le&Hoang(2011); Le Tien Thanh vd Hodng Mai Le, Dgy hgc mdn Todn d Tieu hgc: Thyc trgng vd Gidi phdp Tap chi Gido due So 269 (ky 1-9/2011), Tr 41-42 Tri(7/2011); Ta Ngge Tri, Thiet ke cae bdi todn nhd de day hgc sinh tieu hgc gidi mdt bai todn, Tgp chi Dgy hoc Ngdy (07/2011), tr 24-26 Tri(ll/2011); Tg Ngge Tri, Mgt sd bi?n phap thyc hien phuang phap day hgc tich eye dgy toan cho hpc sinh tiiu hgc, Tgp chi Dgy hgc Ngdy nay(n/2011), tr 20-22 Tri(01/2012); Tg Ngpc Tri, Phan tieh ldi gidi bang dai so d l boi dudng ky nang cho gido sinh vd gido vien dgy giai todn d bdc Tieu hge, Bdi vilt se dang tren Tgp chi Thiet b\ Dgy hQC Summary: In this paper we would like to continue the discussion concerning with skills for student teachers and teachers when they teach geometry excercises for primary school children: how student teachers and teachers exploit what they have known to look for solutions for geometry excercises, then to teach children effectively MO RONG VON TU THEO CHU DIEM GAN VOI TRUONG NGHIA (Tiep trang 6) Vi^t, NXB .vdn tu theo ehu diem mgt ngit nghia tieng each gidn tilp Vi?e day Md Dai hge Quoe gia Hd Ngi proposes rdng von tu theo chu diem gdn 1996 and measures to reform the vdi trudng nghTa nhdm giiip Le Phuong Nga, Nguyen HS Tieu hge lam gidu vdn tir, Tri, Phuang phdp dgy hpc nam nghTa ciia tir mgt each Tieng Vi^t a Tieu hpc, NXB chac chan va biet he thdng hoa Dai hge Qude gia Ha Ngi vdn tir mdt each cd y thiic 1999 Tai lieu tham khao: To contribute to the goals established for some orientations teaching of vocabulary in the assigned theme and question subjects firom Grade Practice to provide teachers with a general overview of teaching Summary: Chu Thi Thiiy An, Chu of the HS So this paper students methods from association with vocabulary or associated with the mean, and how to Thi Ha Thanh, Chuyen de Dgy four basic skills: listening, hpc Luyen tir vd cdu a tieu speaking, reading and writing, organize teaching vocabulaiy hpc, NXB Gido dye 2007 one of the first elements to towards promoting positive be addressed is the capital learning of students Dd Hiru Chau, Tir vung • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DMC-SO 83-7/2012 ... VON TU THEO CHU DIEM GAN VOI TRUONG NGHIA (Tiep trang 6) Vi^t, NXB .vdn tu theo ehu diem mgt ngit nghia tieng each gidn tilp Vi?e day Md Dai hge Quoe gia Hd Ngi proposes rdng von tu theo chu... nhieu nghTa cua tu va CO the sap xep cdc tir theo mgt h? thong dya tren mgt chii diem Day id mgt nhiing nhi?m vy quan trgng cua day Md rgng vdn tic theo chu diem d Tieu hgc ndi ehung va d Idp... thdng nhd thugc cac thic bac khac Cae tu ddng nghTa, trdi nghTa dugc coi la nhiing he thdng nho han Trong mdt trudng nghia ed the phan eac trudng nho hon Qua su so sanh, ddi chieu cae trudng nghTa