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II HUaNGDANQUANLISirDUNG PHlAAlG PHAP GIANG DAY CHU N G H I A MAC LENIN, Ttf TlTOfNG HO CHI MINH TRQNG CAC TRtftfNG CAO DANG, DAI HOC PGS TS Bui Thi Ngpc Lan Hoc viin Chinh tri Hdnh chinh qudc gia Hd[.]
II HUaNGDANQUANLISirDUNG PHlAAlG PHAP GIANG DAY CHU N G H I A MAC - LENIN, Ttf TlTOfNG HO CHI MINH TRQNG CAC TRtftfNG CAO DANG, DAI HOC PGS.TS Bui Thi Ngpc Lan Hoc viin Chinh tri - Hdnh chinh qudc gia Hd Chi Minh C hii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la cac mdn bgc ly luan chinh tri ca ban d bac cao dang, dai bgc nham frang bi thi gidi quan, phuang phap luan khoa hpc; lap tradng chinh tri tu tudng viing vang va dao due, loi sdng frong sang, lanh manh cho sinh vien - nhdm ddi tugng dac thii nang ddng, la chu nhan tuong lai va la ngudn bd sung ddi dao vao ngudn nhan luc chat lugng eao de xay dyng dat nude Do vay, giao dye ly luan ehinh tri cho ddi tugng cd y nghia dac biet quan frgng Mdt thyc te khdng the phii nhan la hien viec giang day, bgc tap chii nghia Mac Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh frong cac tradng dai bgc cd phin bi xem nhe, chat lugng day va bgc chua dam bao, mdt bd phan sinh vien td khdng miy "man ma" vdi nhung mdn hge Tii thyc trang nay, nhieu ngudi Idi tac ddng bdi hoan canh va tai sinh vien Mdt phan cung cd nhiing nguyen nhan nay, song dan gian da cd cau: "tien trach ky, hau trach nhan" Chit lugng va hieu qua giang day, bgc tap ciia cac mdn hpc khoa hpc Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh trade hit phu thupc vao nang lye giang day ciia ngudi thiy Vi vay, frong bai vilt nay, chiing tdi thu tiep can tii hai ly can ban: Mdt la, giang vien chua lam ehu dugc ngi dung chuang trinh; Hai la, phuang phap giang day cac mdn hge eua giang vien chua phil hgp Ve ly thii nhdt Qua thyc te giang day, nhat la qua viec tryc tiep dugc tham gia mdt sd dgt tap huan cac mdn ly luan chinh tri cho dgi ngu giang vien cac tradng dai bgc, chiing tdi nhan thay rang: tii cd sy thay ddi ve ket cau chuong trinh eac mdn ly luan chinh tri frong cac tradng dai bgc, mdt bg phan khdng nhd giang vien cua cac tradng dai bgc phai giang day nhiing mdn ly luan, hoac nhttng bgc phan khdng thudc linh -vye chuyen nganh da dugc dao tao, ma chuyen til cac nganh khac sang yeu cau thyc tien dat Dieu dan den tinh frang khdng it giang vien len ldp chi lam mdt dgng tac dan gian la "dgc giao trinh" ma khdng hieu rd nhung nguyen ly ca ban, so dang nhat ciia mdn bgc De khac phyc tinh frang nay, nhttng nam qua, Bd Giao due da chi dao md nhieu dgt tap huan bdi dudng kien thuc Nhiing nguyen ly co ban cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh nham bd sung kien thuc chuyen nganh va nang cao chit lugng giang day cho dgi ngu giang Ngde nhdn bdi 24/6/2012: Ngdy duyel ddng 25/9/2012 40 • TAP CHI TKIET BI GIAO OUC - SO 86 -10/2012 vien cua cae tradng cao dang va dai hge Song bing each mdi chi khac phuc dugc phan nao, cdn thyc chit vin la "cudi ngya xem boa" Tu day din den tinh frang: giang vien giang day Nhihig nguyen ly cua chu nghia Mac - Lenin, hoae Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh chi chiifrgngnhung phan ma ban than da dugc dao tao chuyen sau; cac bgc phin khac thi ludt qua, tham chi eat xen, khdng giang He qua la: ngudi hge thi khdng may hao hiing, ngudi day thi xem nhu nghia -vu phai thyc hien Tu ly nay, de nang cao chat lugng giang day chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh cac tradng cao dang, dai bgc, thi giai phap la mdt mat can phai tiep tuc bdi dudng chuyen mdn thudng xuyen cho ddi ngu giang vien, nhat la giang vien fre Mat khac, mdi giang vien phai khdng ngiing ty bgc tap, frau ddi tri thirc de nang cao trinh chuyen mdn, lam chii dugc ndi dung, dap iing nhiing yeu cau khat khe cua nghe day hge Vi ly thu hat Lau giang day ly luan chinh tri ndi chung, giang day chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tirdng Hd Chi Minh ndi rieng, phin Idn giang vien frong cac tradng cao dang, dai bgc van su dung phuang phap thuylt Hl/QNG DAN QUAN LI sir DUNG trinh la chii yeu, song ky nang thuylt trinh lai ban che Dilu khien eho sinh vien vdn da khdng "man ma" lai cang td thd a, tham chi "lo sg" phai bgc chu nghia Mac Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh Can khang dinh rang, phuang phap thuyet trinh la mdt phuang phap day bpc trayen thdng cd nhung mat manh khdng the phii nhan Dd la frong cimg mdt lupng thdi gian, nd cd kha nang chuyin tai mdt dung lugng Idn kien thiic den sd lugng ddng ngudi nghe Khi sii dung phuang phap nay, ngudi giang vien CO cam giac ludn chii ddng Tuy nhien, neu thieu ky nang thuyet trinh, hoac lam dung phuang phap se lam cho sinh vien cam thay met mdi, nham chan, khd tiep thu, nhat la ddi vdi cac mdn ly luan chii nghia Mac - Lenin; Tu tudng Hd Chi Minh; Dudng Idi each mang Viet Nam - la nhiing mdn hge cd tinh ly luan va trim tupng cao Sinh vien la nhung ngudi tte tudi, nang ddng, lai it kinh nghiem thyc tien, vay, that khd ddi vdi hg phai ngdi yen ttong mot thdi gian dai dl tilp nhan tri thiic mdt chilu, mang tinh ap dat va ttong nhilu tradng hgp, giang vien lai khdng lam chii dugc ndi dung chuang trinh, khdng kiem soat dugc ldp hge D I khie phuc ban che nay, giai phap dat la phai nhan thiic rd sy cin thiet va dau tu thda dang vao khau ddi mdi phuang phap day bgc ly luan chinh tri theg hudng tich eye hda qua trinh day va hge Ndi each khac la dua phuang phap day — hoc tich eye vao giang day chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh Day chinh la chu traong ciia Dang ta giang day ly luan chinh tri Van kien Dai hdi XI chi rd: "Tiep tuc ddi mdi ndi dung, phuang thirc, nang cao ban nua tinh chieh dau, tinh thuyet phyc, hieu qua ciia cdng tac tu tudng, tuyen trayen, bgc tap ehil nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, quan diem dudng Idi ciia Dang, chinh sach phap luat cua Nha nude Ddi mdi, nang cao chat lugng cdng tac giao due ly luan chinh tri, giao due cdng dan ttong he thdng cac tradng chinh tri, cae tradng he thdng giao due qudc dan"; "Ddi mdi manh me ndi dung, chuang trinh, phuang phap day va bgc d tat ca cac cap hge, bac hge" Vay lam the nao de hien thuc hda chii traong ciia Dang? Lau khdng it ngudi lam tudng rang: su dung dugc cac phuang tien hien dai vao qua trinh giang day chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la da ddi mdi dugc phuang phap day bgc Tu day, mdt ttao luu "dien hi hda" giao an, hoac lam dung cac phuang tien day bgc hien dai dugc hinh va phat trien kha manh me ttong nhftng nam qua Tham chi, mdt sd nha lanh dao, quan ly ciia cac tradng chinh tri td vd cimg lo ling vi khdng biet dao dau kinh phi de cd the mua sam cac phuang tien day hge hien dai ! Ddng thdi, quan niem ciing khien cho khdng it II giang vien, nhat la cac giang vien cao tudi td ngan ngai, tham chi phan img lai chu traong ddi mdi phuang phap day hge vi hg khdng bilt sii dung cac phuang tien hien dai nhu may tinh, projector ttong qua trinh giang day Can nhd rang: chi v&i cdi bdng den truyin thdng, ngudi gidng viin vdn thuc hiin dugc ddi mdi phucmg phdp, van van dung dugc phuang phap day bgc tich eye mdt each hieu qua vao qua trinh giang day ehil nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Ho Chi Minh Ndi nhu vay khdng cd nghia la khdng can ttang hi nhung phuang tien day hge hien dai vao qua trinh day bgc (nhu may tinh, projector; cac loai bang (lat, ghim, tu ) Trong xa hdi hien dai va vdi dieu kien kinh phi cho phep, viec dau tu cac phuang tien, thiet bi day hge hien dai la rat can thiet Song, luu y rang tat ca nhftng phuang tien dd chi cd y nghia ngudi giang vien lam ehii dugc nd va su dyng phuang tien day hge mdt each hieu qua va phii hgp (Ndi dung se dugc ban den d cac chuyen de khac) Thyc te cho thay, phuang phap day - bgc ddng mdt vai trd dac biet quan trgng ttong viec chuyen tai ndi dung, chuyen tai tri thiic den ngudi nghe Tham chi, ttong nhilu tradng hgp, mac du kien thiic cua giang vien cd thi chua sau sac, hoac chua that diy du, song nhd cd phuong phap giang day tdt, bai giang cua giang vien van ttd nen hap din TAP CHITHIETBI GIAO DUC-SO 86-10/2012 • 41 II HUaNGDANQUANLISirDUNG ddi vdi ngudi nghe Vay the nao la phuang phap day - bgc tich eye ? Cd nhieu each giai thich khac nhau, song cd the hieu: phuang phdp dgy hpc tich cue Id nghi thudt kit hgp cdc phuang phdp khde nhdm tich cue hda qud trinh dgy vd hpc, tgo mdi tnt&ng vd diiu Men cho ngu&i hpc tham gia mdt cdch tich cue, chit dpng, sdng tgo vdo qud trinh dgy hpc; hiin qud trinh ddo tgo thdnh qud trinh tu ddo tgo Cho den nay, d nude ta ttong giang day ndi chung, giang day ly luan chinh tri va chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ndi rieng, ngoai phuang phap thuyet ttinh da cd kha nhieu phuang phap khac dugc ap dung de tao CO hdi cho ngudi hge ehil ddng, tich eye tham gia vao qua trinh day bgc; dugc cd CO hdi de tang cudng ddi thoai, ttao ddi, lam viec nhdm gifta thay va ttd; gifta cac bgc vien ttong ldp (Vi dy: Phdng van nhanh, hdi dap, lam viec nhdm, neu y kien ghi len bang, sang lpc, tinh hudng, hdi chuyen gia, be ca, ddng vai v.v ) Nhin chung, tat ca cac phuang phap deu cd the dugc sii dung ttong giang day ly luan chinh tri ndi chung, giang day chu nghia Mac Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi ndi rieng va qua dd, chat lugng giang day nhung mdn bgc chac chan se dugc nang len Ben canh cac phuang phap, qua trinh giang day chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh mudn thu hiit ngudi bgc 42 va dat bieu qua cao cdn cin phai dam bao cae nguyen tic cua qua trinh day bgc Trong qua trinh giang day, ngudi giang vien can dam bao nhilu nguyen tic, song cd nhung nguyen tac can ban can chii y nhu: 1) Ky nang thuyet trinh hieu (jua; 2) Tao khdng ldp bgc tdt Khdng nen quan niem rang: day chu nghia Mac Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh phai that ttang nghiem Ngugc lai, frong qua trinh giang day ly luan chinh tri ndi chung, chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ndi rieng can tao mdt bau khdng hge tap tich eye, -vui ve, thoai mai de tao phan eho ngudi bgc; 3) Md dau bai giang hap dan; 4) Chdt kien thiic thudng xuyen; 5) Tryc quan hda; 6) Ky nang td chiic xemina, hdi thao dat hieu qua cao De dua phuang phap day hpe tich eye vao qua trinh giang day chu nghia Mac Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh frong cac tradng cao dang, dai hpc cdng, can coi frpng va gap nit dao tao cho dpi ngu giang vien nhung ky nang mdt each bai ban cho ngudi giang vien phai lam chii ndi dung chuang trinh; ddng thdi lam chii dugc cac phuong phap day bgc, dam bao cac nguyen tac day bgc ttong timg dieu kien, ddi tupng va ndi dung cu the Mpi sy lam dung phuang phap, bien budi giang mdt budi "trinh dien phuang phap" deu din den that bai Mat khac, viec ddi mdi phuang phap giang day chu • TAP CHI THIET BI GIAO DUC - SO 86 -10/2012 nghia Mae - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ehi dat bieu qua cao cd sy ddi mdi ddng bd, kit hgp hai hda gitta ngi dung chuang trinh vdi phuong phap, phuang tien day bgc va kilm tta danh gia hge tSp (bao gdm ca viec kiem tta danh gia chat lugng giang day ciia thay va kiem tta danh gia chat lugng hge tap ciia ttd) Nhung cho den nay, viec ddi mdi ndi dung chuang ttinh giang day ly luan chinh tri ndi cbung, giang day chu nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ndi rieng va viec dii mdi khau kiem tta danh gia bgc tap cac tradng cao dang, dai hge cdn nhilu bit cap, thieu tinh khoa bgc Day ciing la mdt ttong nhiing ly lam cho nhimg nd lye ddi mdi phuong phap giang day ly luan chinh tri ttong cac tradng dai bgc dat hieu qua chua cao Trong khudn khd cd ban cua mot bai bao, chiing tdi chua cd dieu kien de ban mdt each chi tiet ban mdt sd van de cu the xung quanh viec ddi mdi phuong phap giang day ehil nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, nhu ky nang thuyet trinh; ky nang su dung phuang tien hieu qua; each thirc de tryc quan hda v.v Nhihig van de se dugc ban den cac chuyen de sau Tai lieu tham khao Dang cdng san Viet Nam, Vdn kiin Dgi hdi dgi biiu todn qudc lan thic XI, Nxb CTQG, H., 2011, tr 256 ... chii nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh mudn thu hiit ngudi bgc 42 va dat bieu qua cao cdn cin phai dam bao cae nguyen tic cua qua trinh day bgc Trong qua trinh giang day, ngudi giang vien... chiic xemina, hdi thao dat hieu qua cao De dua phuang phap day hpe tich eye vao qua trinh giang day chu nghia Mac Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh frong cac tradng cao dang, dai hpc cdng, can coi frpng... trayen, bgc tap ehil nghia Mac - Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, quan diem dudng Idi ciia Dang, chinh sach phap luat cua Nha nude Ddi mdi, nang cao chat lugng cdng tac giao due ly luan chinh tri, giao