e iAO DVC Ntf6C NGOAl CHUfdNG TRINH UCH SJK PHO THONG d CONG HOA PHAP VA KHA NANG VAN DUNG CUA VIET NAM O TS NGUYEN V A N NINH* MSi mdl chucmg frinh gido dpc ndi chung, chucmg frinh lich su phd ihdng[.]
e i A O DVC Ntf6C NGOAl CHUfdNG TRINH UCH SJK PHO THONG d CONG HOA PHAP VA KHA NANG VAN DUNG CUA VIET NAM O M Si mdl chucmg frinh gido dpc ndi chung, chucmg frinh lich su phd ihdng (LSPT) ndl ridng cd «fud7 rfip'frong mdt khodng thdl glan nhd't djnh, dao d^ng ti) - ndm Chuong trtnh LSPT hi|n hdnh cOo Vl0t Nam duqc trtin khai dql frd ti> ndm hgc 0 - 0 , cUn dd 10 ndm Dd Id khodng thdi gian d n thill phdl xem xdt Iql d l tlln hdnh ddl mdi chuong frinh LSPT mdt cdch tdng t h l han trdn casd ci3a thpc liin Vi$l Nam vd tid'p thu nhung dilm tiln bd d m$t sd' qud'c gia phdt friln trdn thl gidi Phdp Id qud'c gia phdl frlln vd ed m|t nln gido dpc tidn tiln trdn t h l gldl Nghldn ciiu ehuong frinh LSPT cOo Phdp phpc vy cho vi§c dd'l mdl chucmg trinh LSPT cua Vidt Nam hi$n Id vl|e Idm ed "jr nghTa khoo hqc vd thpc tiln sdu sde TS N G U Y E N V A N N I N H * trdch nhi§m bidn soqn chuong trinh cung nhu kit qud Idm vi^c cua nhdm Sou duqc thdnh ldp, nhdm cdc chuydn gia bidn soqn chuong trinh cp t h l cdc mdn hgc se d^ trtnh Idn CNP vd Hdi ddng td'l coo Gido dpc (1) vd Bd frudng d l duqc In Cdng bdo 2) Chuang trinh gido dtfc phd thdng eda Phdp duge thiit ki theo nguyin tdc dgy hgc Hch hgp, ddc bl#t Id cd'p frung hqc eo sd (THCS) Trong chuong trinh THCS, mon LS - Dja li • Gido dt^c edng ddn duqc thiet ke mqt mdn hgc Ldn trung hgc phd thfing (THPT), Gido dvc cdng ddn duqc dqy rieng, LS - Dia /I'vdn duqc thilt k l thdnh mdt mdn hgc chung 3} Chuang trinh thge hlin phdn ban cd'p THPT Chuong frinh gido due phd thfing cua Phdp ndi chung, mdn LS ndi rieng duqe thilt k l phdn ban d cd'p THPT, gom ban: ban chung, ban kT Chuong frinh LSPT C$ng hda Phdp 1} M^t chucmg trinh chud'n, nhliu bd thudt, ban nghi nghiep vd ban bd tue Mdi ban sdch gido khoa (SGK) Cdng hda Phdp chi Iql duqc thiet k l theo nhilu phdn ban nhd, nhu: cd m$l chuong trinh chudn qudc gia nhung cd phdn ban Jc/)oa hgc tg nhlin, phdn ban khoa hge nhllu bd SGK khde nhou Chuong trtnh ehudn Idnh tivd xd hgl hay phdn ban khoa hgc xd h^l B$ Gido dye qud'c gla ban hdnh Ti> ndm Nhu vdy, chuong frinh phfin ban cdp THPT cua 1989, Oy ban qud'c gla ve Chuang trinh Phdp tuong dd'l ehl tilt vd tqo nhleu co hdl Ipo (Conseil National des Programmes - CNP) ddm chgn cho hqe sinh (HS) d mql dd'l h/qng, thl hidn nhl|m frqng frdch soqn ihdo chucmg trtnh CNP rd net sp dinh hudng nghl nghidp cho the he trd t$p hqp gido vidn (GV) vd chuydn gia d nhilu Sou tdt nghiep cd'p THPT (BAC), phdn kSn HS chiic vy vd vj trf khdc (gdm: G V tilu Hep h/c chuong frinh ddo frio d nhung bde hgc hpc, GV trung hqc, 10 gido su dqi hqc, eao hon, sd cdn Iqi bd sung vdo thi trudng lao Thanh Ira B$ gido dpc, nghidn cuu vidn ciio dqng cOa Phdp Chinh chuong frinh ji^dn ban Trung ldm qud'c gla Nghidn ei>u khoa hqc) CNP ndy tqo ro sp cdn ddl frong ihi frudng lao dgng sS td ch(ic cdc nhdm chuydn gia d l bidn soqn cua x5 hdi Phdp, vira ddo tqo mgt ddi ngu loo chuang frinh nhi/ng mdn hgc, cung cd'p d{nh ddng phd ihdng cd lay nghl, vOa ddo Igo duqc nghTa tdng quan cda mpc lldu gido dpc eho Id'l ddi ngO fri ihiic cd frinh coo cd cdc Idp, khdi 10- mau gido d i n dqi hqc; cho f kiln v l ihdnh phdn cde nhdm chuydn gia cd * Mwa Ifcli sir - TntUng Btafafcstf ph^n Ha N(i Tap chi GI^O duc s6 tfct i - n/aoia) 4} Chuang trinh LS duge thii't ki theo LS dfin tde Id chO y i u vd tbim mdt phdn LS thl nguyin tdc ddng tdm ki't hgp vdl dudng gidi cd Ildn quan d i n LS ddn Idc; - HS tllp cdn thdng (ehuong trinh LSPT cua Vi§t Nam hi|n LS ddn l$c vd LS t h l gldi Ddy Id hal khda frinh cOng duqe thill k l thoo nguydn tdc ndy) d$c l$p nhung bd sung cho nhou vd thdng thudng Bdn chd't cua nguydn tdc ndy t h l hi|n d ch5 cd'u LS t h l gidl duqc gidi thi^u Irudc LS ddn l$c tgo ede khda trinh cd n^l dung gid'ng Hl|n nay, chuong frinh LSPT ciJo V i | t Nam duqc chuang tinh eua hal cdp trung hgc, sg khde thilt k l theo hinh thiic ndy; vd d Phdp, hal khda gido hai khda trinh thihl$n d trinh d^ klin tht/c trtnh ndy cOng duqc gidng dqy song song vdi - tht/dng duge phdn bi^t bdng khd'l It/gng klin Tuy nhidn, d i l m khdc bl^t so vdi ehuong tht/e eung cd'p eho mdl cd'p vd chi khdc vi trtnh LS cua Vidt Nam hi$n hdnh duqc t h l hl|n trinh dd (2) Mdt nhiJng hqn e h l Idn cuo d chd: LS t h l gidi vd LS Phdp khdng tdch bi$t nguydn tdc ndl trdn Id sp trung ldp n$i dung thdnh hal phdn khdc nhou md duqc kit hqp kiln thiic d hal cdp hqc phd thdng D l khdc phyc frong nhQng thdl ki LS cp t h l cOng nhu chu d l hqn c h i ndy, trdn ca sd dqy hge LS theo chO d l , nhd't d{nh Vf dp, chuong trtnh LSLdpS, dgy chuang trinh LSPT cua Phdp dd Ipa ehgn nhOng v l ehu d l : *Chdu Au vd thi gidl thikiXVIir ehu d l khdc d hal cdp hqc phd thdng Bl^n Phdn LS chdu Au duqc trinh bdy cdc n$l dung: phdp ndy dd tt nhilu khdc phpc duqe sp trOng Chdu Au bd'l cdnh LS thi gldl ddu thik! lop kiln thiic, dd khdng gfiy nhdm chdn cho XVIII; Chdu Au thi kl Khai sdng; Nin kinh ti HS VI dy, kht dgy v l LS thi gidi thdl Trung dgl hdng hda vd qud trinh budn bdn nd 1$ da den, (Ldp - THCS vd Ldp 10 - THPT), nhQng n$i cdn LS Phdp vdl n$i dung: Nhdng khd Ididn cOa dung LS duqc Ipa chgn nhu sou: chid^ phong klin Phdp thdl vua Luis XVL Hay chuong trinh LS Ldp W, ban ehung, dqy v l chii d l : «Cdc/i L6p - THCS Ldp 10•THPT Chu (54 TAy Au thdl phong kldn, tCi Chu dd: Xd hfli vd v&n hda chdu mong, Gldl phdng, Ddn / ^ W c u d / thfi kl X afin thfi ki XV Au thdi Tmng d^l thi ki XVIII din g/iTo thi ki XIX" Chuong 1: N6ng nfl vft Iflnh chOa Chuong 1: D90 CO dfic thdl Tnjng LS Phdp vd LS chdu Au duqc dgy Chuong 11: Chfi cl$ phong kifin: d9i(tLrthdkiXlddnthdkIXIIl) Idng ghdp vdo vdl n^l dung: nhOng OuAc vuung vd nhiTng chfnh Chuong II' xa hfli vd vdn hda nflng «Cdch mgng Phdp, Phong trdo thfln (tilr thd kl XI ddn thd ki Xlll) phu ddu tidn gldl phdng vd sg ddl ede ddn Chuong III Xd hfll vd vdn hda Chuang III: Vai tr6 cua nhd thd Thidn thdnh th| (tiir thfi kl Xl dfin thd kl t^e - qudc gla d Phdp vd chdu Au chua gido Chuong IV' Sp bdnh tnflJng ban ddu Xlll) tt>ndm 1804 din ndm 1815 cua phuOTifl Tdy Nhu vdy, cd t h l thd'y, chuang trinh LSPT ciia Phdp khdng cd sp trdng ldp glQa Ngodl viec Ipa ehqn nhung nqi dung kiln thue LS t h l gidl vd LS ddn l$c nhung vdn ddm bdo khdc thi miic d$ nh$n thiic sdu sdc LS cOng cung cd'p cho HS k i l n thtic eo bdn nhdt cOa LS cd sp khdc bi§t gluo hoi edp hqc O THCS, chu nhdn loqi cOng nhu LS ddn t$c Ddy cung Id frqng nhieu d i n cdc sp kidn LS cp thl; cdn dTHPT, m$t gqi y cho cdc nhd qudn Ii gido dpc, nhd Iqi chu frqng d i n frinh dq khdl qudt vd chilu sdu khoa hqc vd gido dpc LS Vi^t Nam frong qud kiln thiic trtnh td ehue bidn soqn chucmg trinh LSPT 5) Md'l quan b$ glua LS thi gldl vd LS ddn Ihdl gian ldi ti^e LS lodi ngudi Id qud frinh thd'ng nhd'l vd mdl Khd nfing vQn dpng chuong frinh LSPT ddn tdc d i u cd nhung ddng gdp nhd't dinh frong tiln frinh phdt friln cuo LS nhdn loql Vi t h l , cua Phdp vdo Vi$l N a m chuong frinh LSPT cdn cung edp eho HS nhCfrig Chuong frinh gido dpc phd thdng ndi chung, kiln thiie co bdn v l LS ddn lgc vd LS t h l gidi chucmg frinh LSPT cOa Phdp ndl ridng duqc bidn soqn iheo tinh thdn trt/dng hge khdng nin Vi^c cdu tqo chucmg frinh LS ddn tdc vd LS t h l gidl cd nhilu hinh ihiie khdc nhou: - HS l i l p tgo jr kli'n eho HS md cung ed'p cho HS edn LS t h l gldl Id ehu y i u , LS ddn tde duqc gidng nhdng cdng eg tri tu$ cdn thii't di hliu thi gidl dqy it d l bd sung cho LS t h l gidi; - HS tllp c^n md HS sdng (3) Vdi tinh ihdn Irdn vd qua tim Tap chi Glao due s6 (in i • n/aoia) hllu, nghldn ciiu chuong trinh LSPT ciia Phdp, chung ldl d l xud't m^l sd n$i dung lidn quan din vl^c blln soqn chucmg frinh LSPT ihdl gian tdl nhu sou: 1) Blin sogn mdt chuang trinh chud'n qudc gla vdl nhlSu bd SGK khdc Dfiy Id vdn d l mdi dd'i vdi Vl^l Nam nhung Iqi Id vdn d l phd biln d nhilu nude trdn t h l gldl, hY}ng dd cd Phdp B$ GD-DT sd Id dem vi chi) qudn hudng d S n , chi dqo v l | c bidn soqn chuang frinh; cdc nhd xud't bdn (NXB) Idn, cd uy tin sd Id nhQng don v| frpc l i l p id ehue bidn sogn SGK Sou bidn soqn xong ede bd SGK, B$ GD-DT sd ihdm djnh ehfi'l luqng vd quylt ^nh cudi cOng b$ SGK ndo s8 duqc Ipa chgn d l dua vdo dqy d frudng phd ihdng Trong hodn cdnh thpc t l ci)a V l | t Nam hi|n noy, ddy Id vi|c Idm khdng dem gidn vd s9 gdp nhilu khd khdn VI v^y, frudc duo ro q u y l l djnh, chiing to cdn trd Idi ihdo ddng nhOng edu hdl: Nhilu bd SGK Id bao nhidu (hof, ba hay bd'n b$ SGK)?; N l u NXB Id don v\ td chiie bidn soqn SGK, dd Id nhQng NXB ndo?; Cd cdn thill phdl t l chiic dd'u thdu glQa cdc NXB?; Mdt NXB, d$c bi^t Id nhQng NXB Idn, uy lin vd ed nhilu kinh nghl|m frong vl^c bidn tdp SGK (nhu NXB Gido dpc Vl$t Nam) ihi ed t h l id chiic nhilu b | SGK khde vdl d$l ngu tdc gid khdc nhau?; Al Id ngudi Irpc tllp Ipa ehqn bd SGK d l dqy eho HS (cdc Sd GD-DT, Ban gidm hieu nhd frudng, GV bd mdn?); Php huynh vd HS cd quyin gl frong vl|c chgn SGK?; Ai sd Id ngudi mua SGK, php huynh HS (tfieo cdeh truyin Ihd'ng) hay nhd frudng s5 mua vd cho HS muqn (cull nfim frd Iql thu v i | n nhd Irudng - theo md 4} Vi mdl quan hi glua LS thi gldl vd LS ddn /dc, nen Idng ghdp vdo nhou, khdng tdch bl$t thdnh hai phdn dde tdp d l frdnh sp frOng ldp, gdy nhdm chdn cho HS vd hqn c h i sp sdng tqo cua GV Vi dp, dqy v l Con ngudi thdl nguyin thOy, sou dqy v l NguSn gdc lodl ngudi vd ddl sdng cx>n ngudi thdl nguyin rfnJx(phdn LS t h l gidi), chung la sd dqy ludn n$i dung ndy ciia LS Vi§t Nam Hoy clqy v l Cdc qudc gla cd dgl, sou dqy bdl Cdc qudc gla cddgl phuang Ddng vd pht/ang Tdy cd dgl s3 Idng ghdp ludn Nhd nude Vdn Lang - Au Lgc, Chdm pa vd PhO Nam Clio phdn LS ddn t ^ Thill k l nhu v$y, s3 vi>a rut ngdn duqc thdi gian, khdng bj l^p Iql kiln thiic, hon nQa HS sS cd cdi nhin tdng quan hem so sdnh duqc giua LS t h l gidi vd LS ciia dfin tdc V l ^ bidn soqn chuong frinh LSPT cOa Vi#l Nam Id rdt quan frgng vd cdn thidt Trong thdl glon tdi, chung ta cdn nghien cQu kT ludng dilu kl^n thpc t l ddl nude vd nhung kinh nghidm ciia cdc nude tidn tlln cd nln gido dye phdt friln trdn thl gldi Tim hllu vd nghldn cuu chuong frinh LSPT cua Phdp, mdt frong nhung qude gla cd nln gido dpc Hdn tiln nhdt thigldl, cung khdng ndm ngodi mpc dich frdn Q (1) HOi ddng ttfi cao gido dye (CSE) vdi 97 thdnh vien, gdm cdc d^i difn Id gido vidn ph6 IhOng, nghidn cihi vidn - gidng vifin d^i hpc, cha m? hpc sinh, hpc sinh, sinh viCn, d^i di^n cdc t6 chuc (2) Phan Ngpe Lidn (chu biftn) - Trjnh Dinh Tiing NguySn Thj COi Phmmg p M p d^y hpc L|ch s*, t9pI.NXBD