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VAI TRO CUA CONG TAC QUAN Ll TRUNG DUI Mf i i SINH HUAT CHUYEN MDN THEO MO H I N H NGHIEN CU^U BAI HOC ThS NGUYEN M A U DlJC* Hlnh ttidc sinh hoat chuyen mdn {SHCM)ttieo md hinh nghien cdu bai hpc {NC[.]
VAI TRO CUA CONG TAC QUAN Ll TRUNG DUI Mfii SINH HUAT CHUYEN MDN THEO MO H I N H NGHIEN CU^U BAI HOC ThS N G U Y E N M A U DlJC* H lnh ttidc sinh hoat chuyen mdn {SHCM)ttieo md hinh nghien cdu bai hpc {NCBH} dupc sudung rdng frong ttirdng hpedNhat Ban Hinh tilde daap dung fren nhieu nudc, budc dau apdungdVietN&mvadaehung minh duoc tinh kha ttiicija nd frong viee boi dudng va phattrien nang luc chuyen mdn eua giao vien (G V) so vdi cae phuong phap ttuyen ttidng khae BEU Viet de cap vai trd eiia cdng tae quan li dd'i mdi SHCM theo md hinh NCBH, qua dd gdp phan nang eao hieu qua SHCM dcac tnidng phd'ttidng hien SHCM theo m o hinh NCBH T././f/ia//j/e/n Thuat ngu "Nghien cdu bai hpc" (fieng Anh la Lesson Study hoac Lesson Research) dupc chuyen td nguydn nghTa tie'ng Nhat (jugyou kenkyuu) Thuat ngunay cd nguon gdc lich sd giao dye Nhgt Ban, td ttidi Meiji (1868 -1912), nhu mpt bien phap de nang cao nang luc nghe nghiep cho G V, caitien chat lupng day va hpc tren Idp nham nang cao ketquacua hpcsinh (HS)ttidng qua nghien cdu cai tien cac hoatdpng day hpc cac bai hpc cu the' Khittiam gia NCBH, cae G V s e hpp tdng nhom nho (4-6) ngudi cung lua ehpn mpt bai hpcnghien cdu chda npidung, kTnang, thaidpmahp mud'n hinh ttianh va ptiat trien d HS; eiing xay dung mpt kehoach chittet hoan chinh cho baihpc dd, quan sat bai hpc dupe day bdi mdt GV, thao luan sua bai hpe, lap lai qua trinh nhutren va chia se ket qua Chodennay.NCBH dupc xem nhumptmdhinhva each tiep can nghe nghiep cua G V 1.2 Vai tro cUa SHCM theo mo hinh NCBH "Sinh hoat ehuyen mdn" la cum tdratquen thudc dd'i vdi moi GV vi day la cdng viec thudng xuyen hoatdpng eua nha tmdng; la mpttrong cac hinh ttidc boi dudng nh^m nang eao nang luc ehuyen mdn G V, nang eao chait lupng hpe tap eho HS.Tuy nhien, viee SHCM hien cdn bpc Id nhieu han ciie, cha't lupng cae buoi SHCM ehua cao; cdng tac d u gid, ttao da nit kinh nghiem cdn hinh ttiue, GV chua ttiii nen bua ttiao luan ttiudng tt'am lgng, itykien phat bieu; viee chuai bi npi dung cho cac buoi SHCM cdn so sai, nen khdng ttiu hut dupe suquan tam trao dd'i ciia G V; muc dich cua dugidcdn nang ve viec danh gia xep loal G V da tao ap lue cho ca ngudi day va ngudi du; ttong qua trinh trao dd'i, ngudi day ehii yeu ngoi nghe, ngudi du ttd ttianh giam khao phan xet, danh gia Hinh thuc SHCM lam rriatdi tinh dan chu va su sang tao viec trao doi ehuyen mon nghiep vu cuaGV Vivay, viee damiShinh ttiiic SHCM la hetsdc can ttiiet K h i c phue dupc nhdng han che neu ttdn, thay vi danh gia xep loai GV, muc dich cua SHCM theo hudng NCBH la nh^m nang cao hieu qua day hpe, tranh suap dat tdtren xuong, ndi dung vaphuongphapSHCM n h l m giai quyet nhdng van denay sinh td thuc tiln day hpc ciia nhattudng;tiiay vl quan sat GV, ngudi d u quan sat, nghien cdu viec hoc Ciia HS Dd'i mdi SHCM nhu vay chinh la ttieo tinh than NCBIH Vai trd cua c o n g tac quan li vdi viec doi mdi SHCM 2.1 Chia se "tam nhin", giup GVnhan thdc duac y nghm, tam quan trgng cua viec doimcd SHCM SHCM la mot qua ttinh hoat ddng nghe nghlep, ddG V ttiam gia tdvlec chuan bi,ttiietk§' bai hpc sang lao, day ttid nghiem, du gid, suy ngam va chia se eae y kien sau sac v l nhdng gl da di&n viec hpc eua HS Day la hoat ddng hpc tap lan nhau, hpe tap thuc td', la noi thd nghiem vattai nghiem nhdng cai mdi, la npi ket noi li thuyet vdi ttiUc hanh, gida y dinh va ttiuc te Trong quatrinh hpc t^p dd, G V se hpc dupc nhieu dieu de phatttien nSng luc chuyen mdn SHCM ttieo hudng NCBH giiip GV ren mdtsd'kTnang nghenghiep can ttiiet nhu:-Hpc cachquan sat tinh te, nhay cam viSc hpc cOaHS,hinh kha nang quan sat, phan doan va phan dng tmde thdng tin ttiu dupe td HS Day la mot nang luc mdi dac biet quan trongdoi vdi GV; -Gliip G V hieu ve cdng viee ye H S, ve ddng nghiep, ve ban tti§n tn/dc cae yeu cau ludn ttiay doi hoat ddng day hpc, hinh ttianh su chap nhan i l n giua cac GV ya giua GV vdi HS; - Ciing xay dung va tao nen "van hda dan chu" ttong nha tmcmg, ciing giai quyetcacvandedatra (nhu: chupng trinh-sach giao khoa, viec hpc tap ciia HS); - xay dung tinh dong ' Tnriiig Bai bpc stf pban • Dal hire Thai Nguyen Tap chi Gido due so 364 (ki2-8/2015) nghiep, mdi quan he nha tmdng ttian ttiien, hpc tap lan nhau; tao ddng luc s u pham tich cue, suquan tam, niem say me hoatdpng chuyen mdn cua tatca cac GV; -Tich luy kinh nghiem, nang cao nang luc ehuyen mdn va nang luc ddl mdi phuong phap day hpc ttieo hudng day hpc tich cue, "lay HS lam ttung tarn' Viec chia se iam nhin can dupe b^t dau ti) can bd quan li d Sd GD-DT, Phong GD-DT, dae biet la hieu trudng cac nhatiudng phottidrig, tao niem tin eho dpi ngu G V frong cdng cudc dd'i mdi 2.2 Dera va thuc hien cac nguyen tic chung dedam bao viec SHCM hieu qua 2.2.1 Coi SHCM mon k yu cgf, la hoat dong thudng xuyen quan trgng nhat Cac cap quan li giao due {SdGD-DT, Phdng GD-DT, Ban giam hieu nha tiirdng)phaicoidaylahoatddng tiiudng xuyen, quan trpng nhatdedoi mdi nhattudng, nang eao chatlupng day hpc 2.2.2 Van dung, trai nghiem nhung y tudng sang tao, nhiing hieu blei mdi Qua trinh 6\jqc ttiUc hi^n ttieo2 giaidoan vattiuc hien mptcach llentiic, cu ttie: Giaidoan V Thay da ffioi quen vecach dugid, xay dung quan hedong nghiep: -Thay d a each quan satvasuynghlvehoatdpngdgypua GVva viec hpe cua HS; - Hinh ttianh ttidi quen I3ng nghe, chia se y kien, xay dung md'i quan he dong nghiep thanttlien, cdng tac va hpc tap iln nhau; - Xac djnh dupc muc tieu SHCM la giup GV cd co hpi hpc tap lan Cling ttao doi, rutkinh nghiem detim cac phupng an tdi uunhatnh§m mang lai hieu quaeao eho bai hpc, cho qua frinh giao due Giai doan 2: Tap Irung phan thh cac nguyen nhan, cacmaquan he tronggidhgc va tim bi$nphap cai thien, nang cao chath/gng day-hgc: -Disau nghien ciiU, phanti'chcae phucmg an day - hpe hieu quanhim dap dng dupcnhu cau va khanang hpc cua HS; tim hieu eae m a quan he HS - HS tiong I6p, cac kT nang can tiiiet eua G V de nang eao chat lupng hpc tap euaHS;-Tang eudng kha nang ddc lap.sang tao, tiid n g h i ^ nhung y h/dng mdi vao bai day minh ho?: ap dung nhOng yti/dng mdi, cac phuong phap day hpc tich cue "lay viec hpc ciia H S lam tiung tam", cac kTthuat kiwn tta, danh gia mdi de nit kinh nghiem trongSHCMvaap dung ttong cac bai hpe hang ngay; - Bd GD-DT, Sd GD-DT, Phdng GD-DT ban hanh cac cdng van khuyen khich d a mdi SHCM, tao su dong thuan giua cac cp quan quan li, ti/dd, ed ehinh sach hdttd,tang cudng eho hoatdpng ddlmdiSHCM (xem sddobin) Mpt budi SHCM theo hudng NCBH can dupe thuc hien day du ttieo budc: 1) Chuan bj bai hpc minh hpa;2)Tien hanh baihpc minh hpa va dugid; Sff hai chieu quan il theo mo hinh SHCM thong qua NCBH 3) Thao Iuan chia se cac suy n g i m ve bai hpc; 4) Ap dung vao eae bai day^ hang Bude la khau cud'ieiingeuamdtbud'iSHCM,ddng ttidi chuan biy tudng cho buoiSHCM tie'p ttieo Nhuvay, ehiing ta cd vdng phattrien SHCM didn thudng xuyen tai mdi nha tmdng Vai tro cua hieu trirdng viec doi mo! SHCM n h a t r u d n g 3.1 Chia se "thi nhm " Tiudng hpe la eo quan van hda, van hda nhattudng dupc bieij hien qua ma quan hegiija cacttianhvien Vivay, mdi nhattucffig can xaydungmoiquan hetiianttiiengiiia cacttianhyien.De lam dupc dieu nay,hieu ttuong phalangudidi dau ttong viec xaydung nhiing maquanhet^dep giua cac ttianh vien,yeucaudatfaehonhungmaquan he can bdquan fi-GV,GV-GV,GV-HS, HS-HS 3.2 Xay dtmg kehoach tochuc SHCM N gay bidau nam hpc, hieu tiudng can ttianh lap nhdm quan li dexay dung kehoach to ehdc SHCM tai tiudng cho canam hpe Moi ttiang tochdc bi 3-4 bua SHCM;ttidl glan mdi bua ttong khoang 3-4 gid, ttcng dd 45 'dau danh cho viec dugid,ttidigian cdn lai danh cho viec suy ngim va chia se ve bai hpc vda du Can edsd' lupng G V ciia ttucng, can bd quan li se xep Ijch phan cong GVdayminh hpa vangudlehuti;i cho cac bua SHCM, cantiaideu gidday minh hpa dtatcacac kha Icpvacac mdn hpc Hieuttudng, hieu phd, ^ttudng chuyen mdn cung nen ttiam gia day mpt so tiet minh hoa de ddng vien tHih ttian tiiam gia cho dpi nguGV Neil tiudng cd dudi 25 GV frd xudng ttii nenfr>chdc SHCM cho ca ttUdng.Nai frudng cdttBn25GVtti!rien td'chuc SHCM ttieo td'de'dam bao cac dieu kien ve vj tti quan sat gid hoc cho ngudi dugid, du ttidi gian de tat ca mpi ngudi deu dupc chia se y kien va suy ngam Co gang huy dpng tait ca can bd quan li va GV ciing du Gial doan dau, nen bo bl chung ti^an tiucnig de xay dung ttidi quen mdi.Giaidoan sau khidatiianh ttiao,edttietach viectochucSHCMtiieonhdm to, nhdm chuyen mdn de tang CP hdi phat bleu, tiao doi y kien Tap chi Gido due so 364 (ki 2-8/2015) 3J Tao tam li thoai mai, tutin cho GV day minh hga Hieu ttuAig can dpng vien khuym khfch^ khoi day niem tin, kha nang va sdfludng cua G V de hp cdtiiem dpng luc, cung nhutao tam li tt/tin, tiioai mai ttiam gia eae gidday minh hpa Can cd cac hinh ttiue ddng vien khen ttiudng kjp ttidi vdi nhdng bai day cd su chuan bj cdng phu ve npi dung, edngvesudung phuong phap cung niiu sugdpy.njt kinh nghiem mdt each nghiem ttic va chan ttianh vdi nhung baiday cdn nhiJng ton tai han che, devda khuyen khieh dupc nhung GV cd nang lue ve chuyen mdn tieh cue hoatdpng, vua gliip nhung GV cdn han che vechuyen mdnvuptquamaccam cua ban ttian hda nhap vao hoatdpng ehung cua nhatmdng 3.4 Thay doi thoi quen quan sat, thu nhan thong tin khidu gia Viec ttieo doi, quan sat, ghi chep mpt each ti'mlcac boat ddng day va hpc cuaGV vaHSIacPsddetienhemh SHCM Qua viec ttieo ddi tien ^ n h gid hpc, ngudi d u se nhan ttiay nhdng uu diem, nhung ton tai han checua GV va HS, tti'dd cd nhung nhan xet, gdp y, rutkinh nghiem mptcach khach quan, chinh xac cho ddng nghiep Tmdc day, frong quattinh dugid, ngudiduttiudng nga dcuoi ldp hpc, bjynhien.thuctechottiaykhidugid.GV khdng nen ngdidcud'lkirphpcyinhuvaysehanehesuquansat cua ca Idp hpc Dettiuan Ipi cho viec quan sat, ttieo ddi mpi hoat ddng ciia qua trinh day hpc dien ra, dac biet la quan sat HS cac em tten hanh hoat dpng nhdm, G V nen ngoidhai ben Idp hpc Can tap ttung quan sat ttiai dp, hanh vi cua HS ttong gidhpc, quan sat phan dng cua HS ttudc nhdng viec lam ciia G V, quan satxem cac em ttiam gia hoatdpng nhdm nhu ttienao, quan he cua HS vdicac ban khac, HS nao gap phai khd khan gi deeddupc nhdng tiidng tin ve HS ttong gidhpc 3S Xay dung ma quan he lang nghe khichlase,suyngSmvebaihgc.Jmngquatc\n\\dq gid, ngoai viec giiip dong nghiep nhan nhung uu diaTi,hanche'cuabaday,mdiGV cdn hpchoiductetijf chinh dong nghiep cuaminh.Do dd, ttong qua ttinh du gid, GV can chtiy ling nghe, tap ttung ttieo dditiai ttinli bai hpc dettiu nhan ttidng ttn ket hpp vdi viec suy ngam dett'm rachan li.Dehoatdpng naytidttianh nen nep tot mdi n,hafrudng, frong dpi ngu GV, tmdc het dpi ngu can bd q u ^ li ma nhat la hieu tiudng phai la tarn guong sang di dau viviec biet each lang nghe, bietten ttpng nhQng y b/dng eua dong nghiep Viee lam khdng nhung giiip xay dung nen nep ttong hoatdpng chuyen mdn, macdn gcp phan xay dung tinh ttian dan chii, xay dung mdi ttudng ttian ttiien ttong tap ttie su pham nhattudng 10 Tap chi Gido due so 364 3.6 Kien dfnh viec da moi SHCM D a mdS SHCM la mpt qua binh, dd, ttiuc h i ^ se gap khdng it nhung khd khan, dac biet la tiong giai doan dau, phEuttiayd a nhung ttia quen cu, tam li bao ttiiidmptsd'GV.nhatlanhutigGVcdttiam nien cdng tac da quen vdi phuoTig phap day hpc, phuong phap SHCM ttuyentii6ng;nhung yeu cau tiiay da ve cosd vatehat, trang ttiiet bj phyc vu cho viec day va hpc Vi vay, hieu ttudng can kien dinh muc tteu, khdng ndn ndng gay ap luc eho G V, can binh finh bing budc giai tiiich de thay doi nhan ttidc cho dpi ngu GV, ti/ng budc ttiay dd'i nhdng ttidi quen eu; chi dao de cac tiianh vien khac tirong nha tmdng eiing ttiuc h i ^ Mot so edng viee cu ttie hieu tmdng can lam la: - Len ke hoach SHCM hang nam; dieu chinh lieh SHCM; -Dieu hanh va ehii tri cac buoi SHCM; -GuPng miu didauttiuc hien day minh hpa;-Thuyetphuc,dpng vien va nhac nhd cac GV khae tich cue ttiam gia SHCM; - Thuc hien nghiem tiic nhihig yeu cau ciia SHCM;-Chuanbj diing day hpc, sach tiiam khao, tai lieu Delam dupc nhung edng viec dd, tiudc het dpi ngu can bd quan li nha tmdng can phai cd nang luc: Lap kehoach rorang, kien quye't trien khai, kien tti tiiuc hien, linh hoat frong cae tinh hud'ng chidao Q Tai li£u t h a m khAo BO GD-DT Tai li^u t ^ p hua'n ddi mdi sinh ho^t chuyen mdn (Dung cho cdn b$ quan li, gido vi&n trung HQC CO sd, trung hQC ph6 thdng va giao dgc thir&ng xuyen) NXB Dgi hoc suph^m H.2014 Nguygn M$u Due - Hoing Thj Chien - Tr^n Trung Ninh "Phdt tri^n mOt sO' nSng Ivrc nghidp vv strphfim cho gido vifin thOng qua md hinh "nghifin cihi b^i hoc" Tap chi Khoa hQc, Truong D^i hpc su ph^im Ha Ndi, Vol 59, No 1, tr 69-75 2014 Nguygn Mau Diic - Hoing Thj Chien "D6i mai sinh hoat chuyfin mOn cua giao vifin thOng qua m6 hinh nghifin cihi bii hpc cr Vifil Nam" Tgp chi Gido ^lic, stf 335/2014, tr 36-39 SUMMARY Mode of professional exchanges under the lesson studymodells widely used at Japanese schools This method has been applied in many countries and at the first step in Viet Nam and has proven to be Its feasibility in the training and development of teachers ' expertise competencies compared to other traditional methods This article refers to the following research question: How principals and managers at educational levels in Viet Nam direct innovation of frequently professional activities under the lesson study model in schools as an important measure to improve the expertise • professional and innovate teaching methods for teachers? (ki 2-8/2015) ... (xem sddobin) Mpt budi SHCM theo hudng NCBH can dupe thuc hien day du ttieo budc: 1) Chuan bj bai hpc minh hpa;2)Tien hanh baihpc minh hpa va dugid; Sff hai chieu quan il theo mo hinh SHCM thong... cue "lay viec hpc ciia H S lam tiung tam", cac kTthuat kiwn tta, danh gia mdi de nit kinh nghiem trongSHCMvaap dung ttong cac bai hpe hang ngay; - Bd GD-DT, Sd GD-DT, Phdng GD-DT ban hanh cac cdng... eho bai hpc, cho qua frinh giao due Giai doan 2: Tap Irung phan thh cac nguyen nhan, cacmaquan he tronggidhgc va tim bi$nphap cai thien, nang cao chath/gng day-hgc: -Disau nghien ciiU, phanti''chcae