NGHIEN cuu & UNG BUNG VAN DONG LY THOYET DA DANG TBI T H O N G MINH MOT PHODNG AN PHAT TBIEN NANG LOC COA NGOOl HOC TS Cao Thj Sdng Hirong Tru&ng DH Ding Thdp SUMMARY The article is aboutapplying mult[.]
NGHIEN cuu & UNG BUNG VAN DONG LY THOYET DA DANG TBI T H O N G MINH MOT PHODNG AN PHAT TBIEN NANG LOC COA NGOOl HOC TS Cao Thj Sdng Hirong Tru&ng DH Ding Thdp SUMMARY The article is aboutapplying multiple intelligences in teaching physics to conform learning styles of students, helping students to improve the different kinds of intelligence In addition, it also gives the chances to students to improve their use knowledge capability and self-learning capability Keywords: Multiple intelligences, teaching physics, capability, learning styles Ngdy nhfn bdi: 29/11/2015; Ngdy duyft d&ng: 02/12/2015 Cfic logi hlnh trf thdng minh ciia ngudi Howard Gardner quan nifm rfing "Tri thdng minh lfi khfi nfing gi^ quylt cfic van de hofic tgo cfic sfin pham mfi cac gifii phfip hay san pham nfiy cd gifi trj mpt hay nhllu mfli truflmg vfin hda" vfi dua nhftng log! trf thflng minh rieng bift ma moi ngudi cd thl dupc nhu sau: a Thdng minh vi ngdn ngQ: The hifn d nfing lyc sft dyng ngdn ngft (nghe, ndi, dpc, vilt) de dgt dupc rayc tifiu vfi cd thifn hudng sft dyng ngfln ngft dl ghi nhd thflng tin; cfl khfi nfing thfio lufin, hiing bifn, thi ca, kl ehuyfn; yeu thich dpc sfich, ehai gifii fl chft, binh lufn vfin bfin Logi hlnh thdng minh nfiy phft hpp cfic llnh vvc nghi nghifp nhu vfin chuang, su phgm, diln gifi, lugt su, bfio chi, chinh trj gia, Trong dgy hpc.cd thl phfit triln trf thdng minh ngdn ngft tfldng qua cfic hinh thftc: thdng bfio, trlnh bfiy, gifii thichtfldngtin; Vanh lugn, thao l u ^ ; glfil vfi tgo cac bfii tfip dd chft; sogn thfio vfin bfin, lfim tho, lfim bfio; tim kiem, thu th|ip va xft ly thdng tin tft bao chi, td roi, sfich vd, intemet, b Thdng minh vi ldgic todn hgc: The hifn d nfing lyc tu logic, phfin tich, tflng hpp; phfin dofin cfic moi quan hf nguyen nhan - kit qufi, de xuat cfie 0i thuylt khoa hpc,cd thifin hudng sft dyng cac khfii nifm triru tupng vfi cfic moi quan hf logic dfi ghi nhd thflng tin; cd khfi_ nfing tinh toan, xfiy dvng cfic mfl hinh vfi cfic quy tfic dya tren cfic khfii nifm triiu tupng; thich tfnh tofin, Ifp lu§n ldgic,,gifii quylt cfic vin ^ khoa hpc Logi hinh thong minh nfiy phft hpp vdi cfic llnh vyc nghi nghifp nhu: tofin hpc, khoa hpc - cflng nghf, kT thuft^ kinh tl, phfip lugt, y dupc, Trong dgy hpc, cd the phfit triln tri thdng minh logic tofin hpe cho hpc sinh tfidng qua cfic hogt dflng: gifii cfie bfii t§p Idgic va tinh tofin, udc liremg, hogch djnh kl hogch, dl xuat gifi thuyl^ thiet kfi cfic thi nghifm kifim tra gifi thuylt gifii quyet van de, tim kilm va xft ly thdng tin tft nhieu ngufln khfic nhau, lgp Vinh, c Thdng minh vi khdng gian: The hifn d nfing lyc tu duythdng qua hlnh finh, hlnh tupng, bl_ cyc khflng gian, mau sfic Cfl khfi nfing d(nh vj Vong khdng gian, mfi hda thflng tin qua cfic bieu do, so dfl, hinh vg, tuomg tupng va phac thao c ^ kfit clu khflng gian; thich sfing tgo cac hlnh finh, dpc ban Logi hinh thdng minh ve khong gian phfi hpp vdi cfic ITnh vyc nghe nghifp nhu: thiet kl tao mau, kiln trftc, hOi hpa difiu khfic, quay phim nhiep finh, hang hfii, hpa sT, bien dgo mfta, Trong dgy hpe ed thl phfit vifin tri thflng minh vl khong gian cho hpc sinh thflng qua cfic hogt d^ng: dpc bfin do, vgch djnh hanh trlnh; lgp bfin dd, bifiu dl; phac thfio bfin vfi, thift kl mfl hinh; sft dyng cfic phuang tifn tryc quan (tranh finh, hinh vg, so dfl tu duy, mfl hinh vfit chat - chftc nfing, da phuong tifn); d Thdng minh vi the chdt: Thl hifn d nfing lyc thye hifn cfic hogt dflng lifin quan den sy vfn dOng cua cfic bO phfn cfta ca thl (tay chSn, thSn hlnh, mfit, mifng ) cftng nhu vifc diln tfi, truyln dgt cfim xue, y tuomg thflng qua ngon ngft hlnh the, cd thien hudmg ghi nhd kiln thftc thdng qua hogt dqng thyc hfinh, vgn dyng Thich thl thao, khieu vu, cfim trgi, cfic Vd choi vgn dOng, thyc hfinh, thyc dja Tri thdng minh nfiy phft hpp vdi cfic ITnh vyc nghi nghifp nhu: vfin hda nghf thu$t, difn finh, the thao du Itch, thfi cdng m$ nghf, CO khi, xfiy dyng, thfiu may, thai trang, Ini thyc, chgm khfic, phau thufit, su phgm the dye thfi thao, Trong dgy hpc cd the phfit trifin Vi thdng minh the chSt cho hpc sinh thflng qua cfic hogt dpng thl chat, dien xult, ddng vai, thyc hifn cfic phfip dgc,thvc hfinh tgo cac mfl hinh, sfin phSm thft (vg tranh, tgo hinh, lfim mpc, thfiu may, naufin,trong cfiy, Ifip rfip ragch difn, thiet kl cac thiet bj Id thugt ) Howard Gardner thiy rfing cd mil lien hf gifta tu vfi hogt dOng thl chat, dd la khfi nfing dleu khiln eac vfn dOng CO thl cfta bp nfio Do dd mpi nhifm vy ddi hfli phfii gifii quylt bfing ca thl diu cd thl cd lpi cho hogt dpng tu duy, chft khdng don thuan lfi chi lfi hogt dflng lam theo mlu e Thdng minh vi dm nhgc: Thl hifn d nfing lyc cfim thy, Vinh bfiy, sfing tfic cfic giai difu tilt tau Sm TAP CHf THI^BIGIAO DMC-stf 124-12/2015 • 49 NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG Nhgy cfim vdi nhip ttigu vfi am thanh, thfch thycHhif m va tifin trinh dgy hpc cfic kifin thuc thl hifn cfic J tudng vfi cfim xftc thdng qua Sm nhgc^ C H H trinh phfin Iqn dupc thifit kfi theo phuang Trf thflng minh am nhgc phft hpp vdi eac nganh nghe ^ ^ ^ H y c nghifm Kieu to chftc hpc tap kien thftc : t rvgt ongH thuflc ITnh vyc Sm nhgc, nghf thugt, thdng tin Vuyen ^ ^ ^ H / a y thyc chat chl phu hpp vdi phong each h^c thflng, su phgm Sm nhac Trong dgy hpc cd the phat ^ ^ ^ H mflt bp phan hpc sinh sd hftu tri thdng minh triln Vi thdng mmhfimnhgc cho hpc sinh thflng qua ^ ^ ^ ^ B a n hpc, ma chua dap ung da phong each hpc cfic hogt dflng nhu long ghep nhgc nfin phft hijip vfli ^ ^ ^ ^ hpc sinh thuflc cac ITnh vyc tri thdng minh nfli dung bfii gifing (ehuyfn, tho ), ghi nhd kiln thftc ^ ^ ^ ^ • d n g thai danh mat di ca hfli de cac hpc sinh thdng qua vin difu (vf dy Bfii ca hda trj mdn ^ ^ l ^ r i thflng minh logic toan hpc dupc ihii thach hda hpc), dgy hpc da phuong tifn, sfing tac nhgc, sft vfi md.rong tri thong minh sang cac llnh vyc khac D o ^ ^ dyng cfic nhgc cy, , / Thdng minh vi giao tiep xa hgi: Thfi hifn qua tinllfim han che vifc phat nfing lyc thau hilu vfi hpp tac vdi ngudi khfic, cd xu ciiaggudi hpc B ^ hudng hpc qua tuang tfie Ngudi cd Vi thflng minh xfi hfi tfiudng rit tinh tl, nhgy cfim vifc nfim dap limg sg da dgng tri ihdng minh cfta „_- ,., bfit tfim tu nguyfn vpng, camtiiflngchia se vfli ngudi ddng thdi tgo dilu kifn dfi phfit triln nfing lyc ty hgc khfic, cdi md than thifn dl hda dong,tfu'chket ban, vfi nfing lyc vfin dung kiln thiic vao thyc tien, gifio cd trfich nhifm doi vdi cflng dong vfi cd khfi nfing finh vifin cd thl thilt ke_chft de dgy hoc "Difn Vd vfi 1^ hudng din suy nghT va hfinh dflng cfta ngudi khac, de thugf'theo huflng tifip cfin I;} thuyet da dgng tri thong thich nghi vfli mdl tnrdng xfi hfli mfli, cd khfi nfing minh Chu dl "Difn tra vfi kJ thufit" dupc bfit diu lfinh dgo Tri tfidng mmh giao tiep xfi hpi thich hpp vdi cfic ngfinh nghe thupc ITnh vyc cdng tac xfi hpi, bang bai gifing ngfin gpn cfta gifio vien ve cfic ylu tfim l^.chlnh Vj, ngogi giao, thuang mgi, qufin Ij' dieu to Siih hudng din difn trd cfta dSy dan, mli lifin hf hfinh, truyen thflng, gifio dye Trong dgy hpc cd the djnh lupng gifta R, p, vfi S, biln trd vfi cfich dpc gia phfit triln trf thflng minh giao tilp xfi hOitfidngqua trj cfia difn trd dftng Vong k^ thuft Sau dd hpc sinh hpp tfic nhflm, thfio lufn, trlnh bfiy y kien, phfin bifn dupc chia nhflm vfi lam vifc tgi cfic trung tfim hpc tfp phfin h6i,thuyet trinh, djiu phoi vien, giftp dd bgn theo cfic phong cfich hpe khfie nhau: a Trung tdm 1: "Em ldm nhd khoa hgc": httu hpc tfp vfi glfil quylt vfin de, hogt dOng tfp thl trung tSm nfiy, hpc sinh thvc hifn cfic thl nghifm hfi thao hfi trgi, hogt dflng xfi hpi vfi dofin dOi, kilm chung su phy thufc cfia difn trd R vfio difn g Thdng minh ngi tdm: The hifn qua nfing lyc thiu hilu nhftng cfim xftc, hfinh vi va myc dich cfta trd suit p, chlSu dfii I vfi tilt difn S Sfin pham hpc tgp dupc tgo tgi trung tfira nfiy lfi philu hpc tfpvdi bfin thfin, phfin bift dupc cfic trgng thfii tlnh cfim cua chlnh minh vfi sft dyng chinh nhftng hilu bilt cfic npi dung chfnh nhu: mye dich cfta thi nghifm, phuong fin thi nghifm, so mgch difn, bfing sl Hfu vl bfin thfin dfi hogch djnh tuang lai cho cupc ddi minh Nhftng ngudi sd hftu logi hinh thdng minh nfiy thi nghifm, xft IJ kit qufi vfi rftt kit lufn tft.thi nghifra Hpc sinh chuin bj bfii bfio cfio nhdm bfing thudng suy tu^ hudng npi, thich lam vifc dpc lgp, sfiu siic, ty tin, thfing thfin, ty gific, cd tinh kJ lufit vfi sy bfing phy hofic Ven gifiy A Cfic hogt dOng d trung tfira gdp phan phfit Vien tri thdng minh thufc ITnh vyc tfip trung cao Vong cdng vi^c Thflng minh nOI tSm phft hpp vdi cfic ngfinh nghfi thuflc ITnh vyc tfim 1^ iflgic toan hpc, thl chit, gtao tiep xS hOl (thdng qua Ifim vife nhdm) hpc, trilt hpc, nhSn chung hpc, vfin chuong sfing tfic b Tnmg tdm 2: "Em hgc bdng cdch hdi": nghf thuft, nghien cftu, phe binh, Cd the phfit triln vi thflng minh nfi tam cho hpc sinh thdng qua cfic trung tSm nfiy, hpc sinh dupc yeu clu thilt ke bf cSii hdi vfi hf thong cfic cfiu trfi Idl tuongftngcho Vfl chd hogt dOng ghi chfip nhft Ic^, sft dyng vd thyc hanh, ty dfinh gifi, Ifp kl hogch, theo dudi udc ma vfi hogch dl chft vdi nOi dung xoay quanh cfic kiln thfic v trd, biln Vd cung T&M cd till md rOng r' ~ djnb tuang lat, nghifin cftu dpc lfp Chfnh sue mgnh cfta cfic ITnh vvc vf thflng minh dfi tgo sy khac bift thftc ve difn ^pe mfi^;fic e m | S ^ truflrc, Iflpti ' "• ^ gifta cfic ca nhfin Vong xfi hfli Do dd dgy hpc, can tgo dieu kifn cho hpc sinh dupc tiep cgn cac chft de hpc t|ip theo nhieu phong cfich khfic dap ung sy da dgng vl vi thdng minh Qua dd ngudi hpc cd co ' hpi dupc noi trfli Vong ft nhit mOt ITnh vvc Vi thflng minh vfi cfl thl tiln bp cfic ITnh vyc Vi thdng vyc ngon minh khfic fi hpi (thflTig qua lam vifc nhdm) V^n dvng 1^ thuylt da dgng trf thflng minh ldm 3: "Em ldm ky su chi tgo": T^i dgy bpc vft 1^ f hpc sinh thyc hanh thiet ke cac mo png mau vfi difn trd dan thudng diing Chuang trinh vgt ly THCS chft ylu lfi vgt ly 50 • TAP CHf THlfreiGlAO DMC-stf 124-12/2015 NGHIEN cuu & UNG DUNG ky tiiugt Thiet kl vfi Ifip rfip mgch den sfing tfl - sang md Sfin phim tao tgi trung tfim la cfic mfl hinh difn trd kT tiiugt cftng vdi bfing "thflng so 1^ thufif've gifi trj difn Vd cfta m5i difn Vd md hinh, mgch dfin sfing td - sfing md vfi sa dl nguyfin IJ hogt dpng cfta mgch difn Hpc sinh bfio cfio kit qufi hogt dflng nhdm thdng qua hlnh thftc trien Ifim cfic md hlnh sfin phim dfi thilt kl, dfl cd sy chit vin cua cfic "khfich tham quan" (lfi hpc sinh cfta cfic nhdm khfic vfi gifio vien) ddi vdi "cfic nhfi sfin xuat" Hogt dflng d trung tSm nfiy gdp phin phat triln tri thdng minh thuOc ITnh vyc: logic tofin hpc, khdng gian, the chfit, giao tilp xfi hOid Thing tam 4: "Em Id nhd khdm phd": Tgi trung tara nfiy, hpe sinh lam vifc vdi mgng Internet dl tim kiem, thu thfp thflng tin vfi thyc hifn raflt bfii bfio cfio khoa hpc vl ftng dyng cfta difn Vd ky thuft vfi hifn tupng sieu dan Sfin pham dupc tgo tgi trung tfim la mft ban bfio cfio khoa hpc dupc Vinh bfiy dudi dgng bfii bfio, bfio tudng, bfii Vinh diln powerpoint Hogt dfng d trung tfim kich thich sy phat viln Vi thdng minh thuOe ITnh vvc ngdn ngft, khdng gian, thl chat, giao tiep xfi hOi e Trung tdm 5: "Nhd sogn kich nhi": Tgi trung tam nay, hpc sinh sogn thfio mOt mfin bilu dien nghf thuft hofic xfiy dyng mOt trd chai cd nOi dung the hifn moi quan hf ^tta difn Vd R vdi difn trd suit, chieu dfii vfi tift difn cfta day din, vfi cd thl dl cfip them nhftng kilntiiftcvl difn mfi hpc sinh dfi dupe hpc truflrc dd Sfin pham dupc tgo tgi trung tfim lfi mOt kjch bfin, raOt trfl ehoi vfi cfic dgo cy phuc vy cho vd kjch hofic trd chai Hpc sinh bfio cfio ket qufi hogt dOng nhdm thdng qua diln kjch hofic t l chftc, tiiuc hifn e ^ trd choi Hogt dpng tgi trung tam gdp phSn phfit viln vi thflng minh thuflc ITnh vyc ngfln ngft, thl chat, khdng gian, Sm nhgc, giao tilp xfi hpi / Trung tdm 6: "Suy ngdm ": T^ trung tSm nfiy hpc sinh dupc yeu c4u suy nghT vfi viet nhftng hieu bilt cfta minh vl difn trd, biln trd, nhftng Omg dyng cfta difn trd - biln trd kf thugt, nhttng thfic mfic, nhftng cau hdi cln tim hilu thfim ve difn trd vfi bien trd San phim dupc tgo tgi trung tfira lfi "bfin nhft kJ khoa hpe" Cfi nhfin hpc sinh bfio cfio kit qufi hogt dflng thdng qua vifc Vinh bfiynhftng nOi dung viet nhft kJ khoa hpc trudc Idp Nhftng Vfin Vd cua hpc sinh cd tfil dupe^ gifii dfip Vuflrc het bdi cfie hpe sinh vfi sau dd Ifi sy hoi dfip, dfio sfiu, md rOng kiln tfiftc tft gifio vifin Hogt dOng tgi Vung tam gdp phan phfit triln d hpc sinh tri thdng minh thuOc ITnh vvc ngdn ngft nOi tam Dya vfio npi dung hogt dflng cfta hpe sinh tgi cfic trung tfim de chuan bjhoc lifu tgi rali trung tfim cho phft hpp Cac hpc lifu cfin cho vifc hpc tfip chft dl "Difn trd vfi kJ tiiuft" cd the bao glm: dyng cy thi nghifm, phieu hpc tgp, phieu yeu diu thyc hifn, mfiy vi tinh ket noi Intemet, sfich gifio khoa, tgp chl, sfieh bfio, tranh anh, giay A^,, bftt ^ n g vfi dyng cy vft Ilfu de chl tgo mfl hlnh, mgch difn, dgo cu Tisy vao khfi nfing cy the cfta tftng dll tupng hpc sinh vfi quy thoi gian cho phfip, gifio vifin cfl thl Sn djnh sl trung tfim hpc t|p tli thieu mfi hpc sinh cln phfii trfii qua Vong tong sfl trung tfim hpc tfp Sau cac nhdm hofin thfinh cdng vifc tai cfic trung tfim, gifio vifin tl chftc cho hpc sinh dupc bfio cfio, trinh dien nhung ket qua hpc tgp cfia nhdm vfi cfia cfi nhfin trudc Idp Gifio vifin tl chftc cho hpc smh tham dfinh gifi vfi tv danh gifi kit qufi hpc tfip vfi rut cfic bfii hpc kinh nghifm Dfi cd thl thilt kfi cfie trung tfira hpc tgp dfip ftng da dgng Vi thdngrainheua hpc sinh, gifio vien can kit clu nfi dung cfta mOt nhdm cae bai hpc lien quan thfinh mOt chft de hpc tgp, tim kiem nhfttig ling dyng, nhiiiig thong tin mang tinh hifn dgi lifin quan dfin chu dl, hinh dung nhftng hogt dflng dk cd thl hpc tot cac icien thftc chft dl theo nhilu cfich khfic dya tren cfic nfing lyc hogt dflng Vong tftng ITnh vyc tri thflng minh cfta ngudi Kit lugn T chftc cfic hogt dOng hpc tfip vft IJ dya trfin ly thuylt da dgng tri thdng minJi, thflng qua vifc xfiy dyng cfic trung tfim hpc tfp theo nhieu phong cfich khac nhau, se dem den nhieu co hfi de tfit efi hpc sinh, du Vfli d ITnh vvc trf thdng minh nfio, cftng cd thl hpc tfp tich cyc va hifu qufi, gdp phan thftc diy humg thft, tgo nilm vui trone hpc tgp Ben cgnh dd, dgy hpc vgt ly theo hudng tiep cfin da phong cfich hpc tfp cfln tgo mdi trudng t h i ^ lpi dl hpc sinh cfl the hpc sfiu, hpc rOng, hpc di ddi vdi hfinh, di ddi vdi vgn dyng kiln thftc vfio thyc tien, ddng thdi phat triln nfing lyc hanh dpng d nhilu ITnh vyc tri thflng rainh khae nhau, cftng nhu boi dudng nfing lye tv hpc, tv phfit Vien cfta hpc sinh Dgy hpc theo hudng tifip cfin da dgng trf thdng minh dupc to chftc trfin ca sd cfic chft dl hpc tgp, cd cfi cfic chft dl tich hpp, lifin mdn Do dd dgy hpc theo hudmg tilp cfn da dgng tri thdng minh cung sfi cd nhilu co hfi vfn dyng han chuang trinh sfich gifio khoa phi thdng mdi giai dogn sau 2015 Tfii lifu tham khfio Fred C Lunenburg, Melody R Lunenbiug (2014) Applying Multiple Intelligences In The Classroom: A Fresh Look at Teaching Writing, International Journal Of Scholarly Academic Intellectual Diversity Volume 16, Number !,20I4 Howard Gardner, Thomas Hatch, Multiple Intelligences Goto School: £'(/ucfl/iono//mp/icar(on5 ofthe Theory of Multiple Intelligences, Educational Researcher, Vol 18, No S (Nov., 1989), pp 4-10 Robert Fisher (1995) Dgy tre hgc Tfii lifu Vong dy fin Vift - Bi "Dfio tgo giao vifin cac trudng su phgm tinh mien nfti phia Bfic Vift Nam" TAP CHf THI^BIGIAO DMC-stf 124-12/2015 • 51 ... H / a y thyc chat chl phu hpp vdi phong each h^ c thflng, su phgm Sm nhac Trong dgy hpc cd the phat ^ ^ ^ H mflt bp phan hpc sinh sd hftu tri thdng minh triln Vi thdng mmhfimnhgc cho hpc sinh... dupc thifit kfi theo phuang Trf thflng minh am nhgc phft hpp vdi eac nganh nghe ^ ^ ^ H y c nghifm Kieu to chftc hpc tap kien thftc : t rvgt ongH thuflc ITnh vyc Sm nhgc, nghf thugt, thdng tin... "Em hgc bdng cdch hdi": nghf thuft, nghien cftu, phe binh, Cd the phfit triln vi thflng minh nfi tam cho hpc sinh thdng qua cfic trung tSm nfiy, hpc sinh dupc yeu clu thilt ke bf cSii hdi vfi hf