TiNH i TAM Li GUA SINH VIEN TRONG GIAI BAI TAP GIAU VA CACH KHAC PHUC I TÎ S 0 6 TH! HoAr Abstract In mathematics teaching in general and teaching calculus homework in particular, to overcome the psy[.]
I TiNH i TAM Li GUA SINH VIEN TRONG GIAI BAI TAP GIAU VA CACH KHAC PHUC TI^S TH! H o A r Abstract: In mathematics teaching in general and teaching calculus homework.in particular, to overcome the psychological inertia, students need to master and ^ ^ B ^ | application of knowledge learned, consider the problem under different angles together: thereby, help them develop creativity, improve learning efficiency C o nhieu nha khoa hoc da daa cac quan - Tinh itam //ft/ftthadng dapc bieu hien dtinh thieu diem ve nhQng sai lam cua hpc sinh (HS) tatin, rut re sang tao Mot so sai lam giai toan cua SV ^ giai bai tap toan Chang han, I.A.Komensky da khing dinh: Bat ki mptsai lam nao cung cothe lam tinh itam liva each l(hic phuc 2.1 SV han che ve kha nang nghien ciiu mgt cho HS hpc kem di neu giao vien khong hadng dan cac em tanhan va soa chaa sai lam Viec tim hieu vifnrfe(bieuhien cua tinh i tam li Ihieu") Vldtj 1: SV da hoc so phirc, nhong i * , vdi C la li mot each may moc Khi gap trudng hop nay, ta eonua tren dudng trdn :t-+/ = o' theo chieu kim ddng the giai nhu sau: 2(0,^) = / > y>O;z(0.y) = ho, SV thudng ap dung each tinh: Gpi D la mien gidi y' < y < Vay, ham so khong dat euc tri tai han bdi mia dudng trdn tren va tnje Ox, ta ed: M(0;0) 2S SV si dung kien thiic da chorangoai ^xdy-ydx- [iztixtfy = tia\ ph^m vlap dung lam sinh van de, thuomg la_ Dekhaephuesailam nay, giang vien cothehudng din tdi nhAig lap luan sai (bieu hien cua tinh i tam li danSVvehinh,bd thtta")._Hi§n tuong thucmg xay dieu kien sung them doan hoan canh da ttiay doi nhung van tiep tue dung dot AO de oe eo tuang cho tnidc theo quan tinh (thoi quen) cho hoan hKj dudng Judng cong cong kin kin /^'^N canh mdi OmAnO va ap OUAM va ap A VidLi4:S^ lap luan sai, cho rang chudi so Z " dung cdng thde Green vdiehuyla hoi tu i,™a„', dd L la Lap luan dung: Chuoi so E" hoi tu iis^" = o dudng eong kin 5;^7;;5,DlamiendUdc gldl han bdi L (tacd:neu Z'^-hoituthi J"™" = o) Matkhac: / ' * - ) * = J » * - J < * * i ' * - J * Cach khScphi^.-Oe khSc phuc nhUng sai [am ^ n§u tten, SV can nim vi?ng kien thiic da hgc de ap dung vao giai cac 6T CIJ the WduS.-Tim gidi han: i™' *^*, ^* " SV ed each \xdy-ydx= I xdy-ydx jxdy'-ydx = 0{doy-0) Vay: J»^->** = -'ro" 2.3 SV thiiu tutin, rut re giai quyet van di' giai nhu sau: K : ^ w ^ - - ' " - T i * S i y n * +i,m—J!—0+0+ +0=0 Do cac dinh livephep toan (bieu hien cua tinh i tam li ta ti) Cd nhieu nguyen nhandlndentinhtati,thacngladoSVgiaibaitapsai gidi han chi phat bieu cho hOu han s6 lianq, matrong nhieu lan ldi giai tien da ap dung cho gidi han cua tong vd han C^/7A/;^p/)uf?;Gi^g vien can hadng din, gpiy cac sd'hang dan den Idi giai sai cho SV thay rosai lamtiunggiai toan de cac em tatim ii Vay: Icri giai dung; dongtiidi,cd sa dpng vien, khuyg'n Ldi giai dung i : 1+2+ khich kjp tiidi nhim tao mdi tradng hoc tap tich cue sang tao H-2+-+"., 2_.i S:^2»'+3 2„'+3 Trong day hpc toan ndi chung va day hpc giai bai VidiJ 6;Tinh tich phan dudng loai II bang each tap giai tich ndi rieng, SV can nim vung va van dung dung cdng thdc Green: linh boat cac kig'n thQcda hpc, xet BTdadi nhieu gdc (Xem tiep trang 45} (kl2-10/2015)- Tqp chi Gido due so 368 141 2,3.d/f/?ai/2tuy thudc vao npidung cua CD (GDMT va giao dye SH), thupe vao trinh dp nhan fiiuc, tam sinh li cua HS cung nhukinh nghiem von cdcua giao wen ma xay d i ^ g cac hoatdpng cho phu hpp Khi^chiic day hpc CD cdthethuc hien npidung cae hoatddng sau; - Hoatdgng khc^dong Giao vien dua cac cau hoi gSn vol hieu biet ciia HS ve eac loai r l ttiuc te cae em quan sat duoe, hay cho H S lam dnha mot so tfli nghiem ve hiit nude ciia re, tim hieu vai trd cua r l doi vdi ngudl va mdi trudng, ghi lai tfieo tdng nhom, bao eao tren ldp - Hoat dong hinh kien thuc mdf Ve kien tfiiic giao dye SH cd the cho HS nghien eiiu: mgtso to^ri, cau tao cua ri, vai trd hut nudc hut khoang cua ri Me\m} thdc GDMT, HS tien hanh cac hoatdpng tim hi^u; Vai tro ctjarS cay doi vdi cay, da vdi d