Nguyin Thi Tan Tiln Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 126(12) 189 194 THir NGHIEM PHlTOfNG P H A P DAY HQC PHAT H I | N V A G I A I Q U Y E T V A N D E V A O G I A N G DAY MON TIN HOC DAI CU*0NG THEO C H U[.]
Nguyin Thi Tan Tiln Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 126(12): 189-194 THir NGHIEM PHlTOfNG P H A P DAY HQC PHAT H I | : N V A G I A I Q U Y E T V A N D E V A O G I A N G DAY MON TIN HOC DAI CU*0NG THEO C H U A N QUOC TEIC^ Nguyin Thi TSn T i l n ' Trudng DQI hgc Y Dupc - DH Thai Nguyen TOM TAT Muc tieu: Nhim chuin hoa trinh dp cong nghf thong tin ciia sinh vien, dap iing nhifm vu i;huyen mon vd tdng co hpi cgnh tranh tim kilm viec lam, Dai hpc Thai Nguyen da dl xuit giai phap, Ip trinh dp chuin diu mon tin hpc dgi cuang cho sinh vien dat chuin quIc tl IC^ Mft nhihig phucmg phap giang day dap ung dupc nhffng yeu ciu trln la phuang phdp dgy hpc phat hifn vd giai quyet van de; Phucmg phdp: Phuong phap nghien cuu ly thuylt, phuong phdp thuc nghiem su phgm; Kit qud Vi^c ap dung phuong phap dgy hpc phdt hien va giai quylt vdn de vdo mon Tin hoc dai cuong sg giup sinh viSn co nhieu chuyin biin tich cyc, dem lai kit qua hoc tap tit Tfr kh6a: Phuong phdp day hgc phdt hiin vd gidi quyit vdn di, phuang phdp dgy hgc lich cicc, chung chi lin hgc IC DAT VAN DE Trong nhffng nam gin day nen Giao due Vift Nam da vd dang tap trung ddi mdi, hudng tdi nen gido due hifn dai Dai hgc Thdi Nguyen phdn dau trd thdnh mdt dai hgc difn tu; cdng nghe thdng tin va truyln thdng dugc ung dung sdu rgng qudn Iy, dilu hanh, gidng dgy, hgc tap, nghien cuu khoa bgc va cac ITnh vuc khac Chinh vi vay, Dgi hgc Thai Nguyen phe duyft de an Chuan hda nang lyc ngoai ngir, tin hgc cho can bd, gidng vifn va sinh vien Dai hgc Thai Nguyen (giai doan 20132015) Yeu cau trinh tin hoc cua sinh vifn trudc trudng phai dgt chudn qudc te Day hoc phdt hifn vd gidi quyet vin df Id mgt nhffng phuang phdp dgy hgc tich cyc, nham ren luyfn nang lyc phat hifn, ndng lyc giai quyet van df cCia sinh vifn Trong phuang phdp day hgc nay, gido vien tgo nhung tinh hudng cd vin df, dilu khifn sinh vien phat hien vin de, boat dgng ty giac, tich cue, chii dgng, sang tao df giai quylt vin df va thdng qua dd chiim ITnh fri thffc, ren luyen kT nang va dat dugc nhiing myc dich hgc tdp khac Phugng phdp dgy hgc phdt hien vd giai quyft vin dl cd rit nhieu difm mgnh va Tin hgc dgi cuong la mdn hgc cd nhilu dilu kifn thuan Igi de thyc hien phuang phdp day hgc mdi Bdi vay budc diu dp dung phuong phap dgy hgc phdt hifn va gidi quylt vin dl vao mdn Tin hgc dai cuong theo chudn qudc tl IC nham ren luyen nang lyc phat hifn, ndng lyc gidi quylt van de cua sinh vien vd gdp phan xdy dyng phuong phdp day hgc mdn Tin hoc dai cuong d cac trudng Dai hpc ndi chung va trudng Dai hgc Y Dugc - Dgi hgc Thdi Nguyen ndi rieng Muc dfch nghien cu'u Nghien cffu ca sd li thuyet ciia phuang phap day hgc phdt hien va giai quylt van de dl xay dyng each td chuc bai hgc nham gdp phdn ndng cao chat lugng dgy hgc mdn Tin hgc tai trudng Dgi hgc Y Dugc Thai Nguyen Nhiem vu nghien ciru ciia de tai Tim hieu co sd li thuyft vd thyc tien cua phuong phap day hgc phat hien vd giai quylt vin de - Thilt ke va td chffc bai hgc tin hgc theo phuong phap day hgc phat hifn vd giai quyet van de - Tien hanh thuc nghiem su phgm de kiem tra tinh khd thi 18 Nguyen Thj Tan Tien Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE DOI TUONG VA PHUONG NGHIEN c u l l Do! tutfng va khach the nghien ciru PHAP - Ddi tugng nghien ctiu: Tdi lifu ve phuong phap dgy hgc phdt hien va giai quyet van 6k, Sinh vifn dgi hgc chinh quy trudng Dai hgc Y Dugc Thai Nguyen gdm nhdm thyc nghifm: sinh vien Idp tin chi 2,4, nhdm ddi chung: sinh vien ldp tin chi 3, - Khach the nghien cffu: Qua frinh day hgc tin hgc cho ddi tugng sinh vien dai hgc chfnh quy trudng Dgi hgc Y Dugc Thai Nguyfn Phirong phap nghien cuu - Phuang phdp nghien cffu li thuyet: Sff dyng cdc phuong phap phan tich tdng hgp, hf thdng hod, khai qudt hod ngudn tai lieu li luin va thuc tifn cd lifn quan de xay dyng ca sd li thuylt cho qua trinh nghien cffu - Phuang phdp thyc nghiem su phgm: T6 chffc thyc nghiem su pham tgi mdt sd ldp tin chi df kiem tra tinh khd thi cffa phuong dn da df xuat 126(12): 189- 194 - Tdn tai mdt van de - Ggi nhu cau nhgn thffc - Khoi day nilm tin d khd nang huy ddng fri thffc vd kT nang sdn cd Dac diim cua dgy hpc phdt hien vd gidi quyit vdn di + Sinh vien dugc dgt vao mgt tinh huong ggi vin de chff khdng phai dugc thdng bao tri thffc dudi dang cd san + Sinh vien boat dgng tu giac, tich cyc, chii ddng, sang tao, huy dgng tri thffc va khd nang cffa minh df phat hien va giai quyet vin dl chu khdng phai nghe gido vien gidng mpt each thy ddng + Muc dich day hgc khdng chi lam cho sinh vifn ITnh hgi dugc kit qua ciia qud trinh phat hifn va giai quyet vin de ma cdn lam cho hg phat triln khd nang tiln hanh nhffng qua trinh Ndi each khac, sinh vifn dugc hgc bdn than vifc hgc Cdc cdch xdy dung tinh huong cd vdn di Su dung phdn mem Excel xff li cac sd lifu trudc va sau thyc nghiem Cdch 1: Dy doan nhd nhgn xet true quan, nhd thyc hanh hoac hogt ddng thyc tien KET QUA NGHIEN CUU Cach 2: Lat ngugc van df Co- sd ly thuyet cua phuong phap day hoc phat hifn va giai quyet van de ap dung phuong phap day hoc phat hien va giai quyet van de vao day hgc tin hgc dai cuong Tinh huong cd vdn di Cach 3: Xem xet tuang ty Ddc trung co ban ciia day hgc PH & GQVD Id "tinh hudng ggi van de" vi "Tu chi bit ddu xuat hifn tinh hudng cd vdn dl" (Rubinstein) Cach 4: Khai quat hod Cach 5: Khai thac kiln thffc cu dat van de dan den kien thffc mdi Cdch 6: Tim sai lam ldi giai Cdc cap dp dgy hpc phdt hien vd gidi quyet van de Ngu&i hgc dgc lap phdt hiin vd glai quyet vdn de Tinh hudng cd van df (tinh huong ggi vin dl) Id mdt tinh hudng ggi cho sinh vifn nhung khd khdn vl ly thuyft hay thyc tifn ma hg thiy cin cd kha nang vugt qua, nhung khdng phai tffc khic bdng mgt thyc,giai, ma phai traj qua qua frinh tich cyc suy nghT, hoat dgng de bien ddi doi tugng hoat dgng hoac dieu khifn kiln thffc sin cd Day la mgt hinh thuc day hgc ma tinh ddc lap Clia sinh vien dugc phat huy cao Giao vien chi tao tinh hudng ggi vin df, sinh vifn dgc lap phdt hien vd giai quyet vin dl qua trinh sinh vien dgc lap nghifn cyu vin de va thyc hifn tdt ca cac khau co ban ciia qua trinh nghifn cffu ndy ' Tinh hiidng cd van dk Id tinh huong thda man dieu kifn sau: Ngu&i hgc hgp tdc phdt hiin vd gidi quyet vdn de 190 Nguyin Thi Tan Tiln Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Hinh thffc ndy khde hinh thffc fren d chd qua trinh phat hien va gidi quylt vin df khdng difn mgt cdch don If d mdt sinh vien ma cd sy hgp tdc giffa cac sinh vien vdi Thdng qua thao luin, franh ludn tip thi, y kien mdi ca nhin duoc bd Id, khing djnh hay bdc bd Bdm thogi phdt hien vd gidi quyet vdn de Day la hinh thffc md sinh vifn khdng ldm vifc hoan toan ddc lap ma thyc hifn tung budc dudi sy hudng ddn cua gido vien Gido vifn dua he thdng cdc ciu hdi, chi dan de sinh vifn thyc hien theo, sinh vien phdt hien va giai quyet dugc van de sinh Phuang phdp khde vdi phuang phdp dam thoai thdng thudng d chd ciu hdi cCia gido vien sS dgt sinh vien vac tinh huong cd van de Thuyet trinh phdt hien vd gidl quyet vdn de Toan bd quy frinh: dua tinh hudng, phat hifn vdn dl, giai quylt vin df la hodn todn gido vien Trong quy trinh dd cd viec tim kiem, du dodn, cd liic cdng, cd that bgi, gido vien phdi difu chinh phuang hudng mdi di din kit qua Viec day hgc theo phuong phap khac vdi cdc phuang phap thuyft trinh truyfn thdng d chd thdng qua thuylt trinh, gido vifn giiip sinh vien phat hifn van de rdi cimg sinh vifn giai quyet van de Nhu vay, tri thffc dugc trinh bay khdng phai dudi dang cd sdn md xuit hifn qud trinh sinh vien kham pha Thiet ke mpt gi& hpc dugc dp dung phuang phdp dgy hgc phdi hien vd gidi quyit van de Hat nhan cffa phuong phdp day hgc phat hifn va giai quyet van df la gido vien dieu khien sinh vien tich cue vao qua trinh nghien cffu Qua trinh thuc hifn day hgc cd the dugc chia nhieu budc dudi day, dd budc nao, khdu ndo sinh vifn ty lam hoac cd sy ggi y cua gido vifn hogc chi theo doi sy trinh bdy Clia gido vien la tiiy thugc vdo lya chgn cip Bu&c I: Phdt hiin hodc thdm nhgp vdn de - Phat hifn vin dl tff mgt tinh hudng ggi vin dl - Gidi thich va chfnh xdc hod tinh hudng (khi cdn thilt) dl hilu dffng vin dk ddt 126(12): 189-194 - Phdt bifu van de va ddt myc tifu gidi quyft van df dd Buoc 2: Tim gidi phdp: Tim each giai quyet vin df thudng dugc thuc hifn theo cac budc sau: + Phdn tich vdn de: lam rd mdi quan he giffa cdi da biet vd cdi can tim (dya vao nhffng tri thffc toan hgc da hgc, lien tudng tdi nhffng dinh nghTa, dinh li thich hgp) + Hudng dan SV tim chien luge GQVD thong qua de xudt vd thuc hien hir&ng gidl quyit vdn de Cin thu nhdp, td chffc dff lieu, huy ddng tri thffc; sff dyng nhung phuong phdp , ky ndng nhdn thffc, tim doan suy luin nhu hudng dich, qui la ve quen, ddc biet hoa, chuyen qua nhimg trudng hgp suy bien, tuong ty hod, khdi quat hoa, xem xet nhffng moi lien hf va phu thudc, suy xudi, suy ngugc tifn, suy ngugc liii, Phuong hudng df xuat cd thf dugc dieu chinh cin thiet ket qud ciia vifc df xuit vd thyc hifn hudng giai quyet vdn de la hinh dugc mdt giai phap + Kiem tra tinh dung ddn cua gidi phdp: nfu giai phap diing thi ket thiic ngay, neu khdng dung thi lap Igi tu khdu phan tich van de cho dfn tim dugc giai phap dting Sau da tim mgt giai phap, cd thf tifp tyc tim them nhung gidi phdp khac, so sanh chung vdi de tim giai phdp hgp Ii nhat Bu&c 3: Trinh bdy gidl phdp: SV trinh bdy Igi toan bg tff viec phat bieu van df cho tdi gidi phap Nfu van de la mdt df bdi cho sdn thi cd the khdng can phdi phat bieu Igi van de Budc 4: Nghien ciru sdu gidl phdp - Tim hieu nhffng kha nang iing dung kit qua - Qk xuit nhung vin dl mdi cd lien quan nhd xet tuong ty, khai quat hoa, lit ngugc van de, va giai quyft neu cd thf Mpt so vi du ve cdc cdch tgo tinh huong cd van de Cdch 1: Dy doan nhd nhan xet true quan, nhd thuc hanh hoac hoat dong thuc tien Vi dy : GV dua mdt van ban trudc vd sau dinh dang, yfu cdu sinh vien quan sdt, phat hien cac logi djnh dang va thuc hifn thao tdc de djnh dgng vdn ban 191 Nguyin Thj T§n Tien Tgp chl KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Cdch 2: Lat nguoc van de Vi dy : Tff thao tac gdp d bang chuyin sang thao tdc tach d bang Thyc hien hai thao tac d Microsoft Word va Microsoft Excel co giong khdng Cdch 3: Xem xet tuong tu Tu mdt tinh hudng da giai quyft dugc, GV cho SV xet cdc tinh hudng tuong ty df kich thich hogt ddng tich cyc cua SV Vi du : Sau day chuc nang trdn van ban word, GV cd the yeu cau sinh vien thuc hien trdn van ban vdi file dff lieu bang tinh excel Day Id mdt tinh hudng cd vin de vi - Nd la nhiem vu ma SV can hodn Tuy nhien SV cin phai xdc djnh cac budc thuc hien - Khoi day nilm tin d kha nang huy dgng tri thuc va kT ndng sdn cd vi SV da thyc hifn trgn dugc van ban d Microsoft Word nfn SV tin tudng rang minh se Iam dugc trdn I vdn ban vdi file bang tinh Vi dy , Tff thao tdc chep khdi van ban, chuyfn sang thao tac di chuyen mdt khdi van bdn Cdch 4: Khai quat hod GV dua mdt vdi trudng hgp cy thf nhung dii de bdc Id cac thudc tinh lam co sd cho SV Sau yeu cau SV xem xet, kiem dinh xem nhffng dy doan ciia minh cd dung trudng hgp tdng quat hay khdng hodc yeu cau SV khai quat hda each giai quyet vdn de ma SV thuc hien dugc bien phdp giai quyet trudng hgp tdng quat Cdch 5: Khai thac kien thffc cii dat van dl dan den kien thirc mdi Vi du: Giao vien dua bai toan yfu cdu can dlln vao vien phi vdi dieu kien Sinh vien sff dung ham If de dang thyc hifn dugc yeu cau Tuy nhien dl bai dua 10 dilu kifn thi cd su dung ham If dugc khdng? Cd khd khan gi? Phai sff dung den ham ndo? Day la mgt tinh hudng cd van dl, khiin cho hgc sinh kich thich, tich cue, chii dpng hoc tap 192 126(12): 189- 194 Cach 6: Tim sai lam Idi giai Gido vien dua each giai quyft van de ma qua trinh ndy giao vifn da ddo thff ty cdc budc Clia qua trinh giai quylt hodc dua Ifnh/ham/thuat toan khdng diing Giao vifn yfu ciu sinh vien chi dugc ldi sai va each khac phyc Khi phdt hien dugc mdt sai lam nao dd, sinh vifn bj dgt vao tinh hudng cd van de, tff sinh ddng co tim each sffa chffa nhffng sai lim dd Vi du: Bai toan xep thff hgng diem trung binh, Gido vien cd the dua cdng thffc ham Rank vdi n Id dja chi tuong ddi Ket qua se bao loi, giao vien yfu cau sinh vifn phat hifn ldi sai, ddng thdi dua cdch khac phyc Ket qua thirc nghiem Trong qua trinh tien hanh thyc nghiem, toi da tien hanh giang day d cac ldp tin chi bang hai phuang phap giang day khac nhau: phuang phap ddi mdi day hgc vdi hinh thuc day bgc phdt hien va gidi quyet van de tren cac ldp thyc nghiem va phuong phap giang day truyfn thdng vdi hinh thuc day hgc thuyft trinh truyfn thdng tren cac Idp ddi chting Viec dp dung phuong phap dgy hgc phat hifn vd giai quyet van df vdo mdn Tin hgc dgi cuang se giiip sinh vien cd nhieu chuyen bifn tich cyc, dem lai ket qua hgc tap tdt Ngoai y kien ddnh gid chu quan cua minh, tdi tien hdnh khao sat qua phieu dieu tra Ket qua cho thiy 88% sinh vien rit yeu thich, hffng thii vdi phuong phap day hgc hgc tap 12% khdng dua ly - Tinh tich cyc hogt ddng, khdng sdi ndi cCia sinh vien cac Idp thuc nghifm cao hon cac ldp ddi chffng - Nang cao trinh nhan thffc, kha nang tu cho sinh vien trung binh va mdt sd sinh vien yfu d ldp thyc nghifm, tao hffng thu va niem tin cho cdc em, dieu chua cd d ldp ddi chung - Sinh vifn cdc Idp thyc nghiem ndm dugc kiln thffc chic chan hon, van dung sdng tgo df giai cac bdi tgp nhanh nhay hon cac Idp ddt chffng Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Ngi on Thj TSn TiSn Ngoai ra, ket qua hSt hoc phan Tin hgc dai c u a n g Clia cac lap ddi chijmg, thirc nghiem a bang sau: B^ng so s&nlt ket quil hQC phan ciia c^c 16p dSi chirng va thyc nghiem Nhom thu-c Nhdm d6i nghidm chihig KQh^c (Lop 6) ( L6p 2, 4) So Sd luffne Di^m A 23 14 15 DiemB 71 43 58 35 60 36 DiemC 75 45 Diem D 12 13 Diem F % % Nhan xet ket qua: Kft qua cho thay dp dyng p h u a n g phdp phdt hien va giai quyet vdn df vdo cac Idp tin chi tren da dat dugc ket qud khd quan Cy thf: 126(12): 189- 194 mgt muc dich dgy hgc, d u g c cy the hoa thdnh m p t m y c tieu Id phdt trifn n a n g lyc giai quyft vdn df, m d t n a n g luc cd vi tri hang d i u de n g u d i thi'ch ffng d u g c vdi sy phdt trifn cu xa hgi) Hgn che: - P h u a n g phap ddi hdi ngudi GV phai ddu t u nhieu thdi gian va c d n g sffc; GV phdi cd nang lyc s u pham tdt mdi suy nghT de tao d u g c nhieu tinh hudng ggi v i n dap va h u d n g ddn SV tim tdi d l PH & G Q V D - Viec td chuc tift hgc hodc mgt phan ciia tiet hgc theo phuong phdp PH & G Q V D ddi hdi phdi cd nhifu thdi gian hon so vdi binh thuong T d m lai, viec dp dyng p h u a n g phap dgy hpc phat hien vd gidi quyet van de vao gidng dgy mdn Tin hgc dai c u o n g da gdp phdn khdng Diem A, B ciia Idp t h y c nghiem cao ban so nhd vao vifc phat huy tinh ti'ch cyc hogt dgng vdi ldp ddi chffng lan lugt Id % vd 8%; hgc tap, kft qua hgc t i p ciia sinh vien.Tuy Diem C, D ciia Idp t h y c nghiem it hon so vdi nhien khdng co mgt p h u o n g phap giang day Idp ddi chffng lan lugt Id % va 1% Ldp thyc ndo Id van nang, bdi vgy giao vien can phdi nghiem khdng cd sinh vien nao bj diem F, kft hgp hdi hda cdc yfu td tich cue ngugc lai Idp ddi chffng v i n cd % sinh vien phuong phap dgy hgc truyen thdng vdi phuang bi diem F N h u vgy sff d u n g p h u o n g phdp dgy phdp day hgc phat hifn va gidi quyet van df hpc da lam gia tang d i l m khd, gidi nham ndng cao chat lugng giang day va tich cyc Tff ket qua thu d u o c tdi t h i y dp dung p h u o n g hda hoat ddng hgc tap ciia sinh vifn phap dgy hgc phdt hien vd giai q u y l t v i n dk KET LUAN vao mdn Tin hgc dgi c u a n g theo chuan qudc Cd thf dp dung p h u o n g phap dgy hoc phdt hien va giai quyft v i n de vao giang day mdn Tin hgc dai c u o n g theo chuan qudc te 1C3 te IC"* cd nhffng uu difm va hgn chf sau; l/u diem - Phuong phap gdp phan tich cyc vao vifc ren luyen t u phe phan, t u sang tgo cho SV Tren cd s d sff dung vdn k i l n thuc vd kinh nghifm d a cd SV se xem xet, danh gia, t h i y d u g c v i n d l c i n giai quyet - Day la p h u o n g phdp phat trien dugc kiha nang tim tdi, xem xet vdn de dudi nhifu gdc khde Trong PH & G Q V D , SV se huy ddng d u g c tri t h u c va khd nang cac n h i n , kha n a n g h g p tdc, trao ddi, thdo lugn vdi ban be d l tim each giai quyft tdt nhdt - T h d n g qua vifc gidi q u y l t van df, SV d u g c ITnh hgi tri thffc, kT nang yd p h u o n g phap nhdn tluic ("giai q u y l t v i n d l " khdng cdn chi thuoc pligm tril p h u a n g phap md da trd P h u o n g phdp day hgc phdt hifn va giai quyft van de cd hifu qua tdt hon so vdi p h u o n g phdp giang day truyfn thdng TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O Le Khic Thanh (2008), Phuang phdp day hoc chuyen ngdnh mon Tin hgc, Nxb Dai hoc Su phgm Ha Ngi Dy an Viet - Bi (2010) Day va hpc tich cyc, Nhd xuit bdn Dgi hpc Su pham Microsof^,"Mgl vai y tuong day hoc cho mo hinh day va hoc thi ky " , Availbale at website: http://www,dt.ussh.edu.vn Alfieri, L., Brooks, P J , Aldrich, N J , & Tenenbaum, H R (2011), Does discovery-based instruction enhance leaming, Joumal Of Educational Psychology, 103(1), 1-18 193 Nguyin Thj Tdn Tiln Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE 126(12): 189 - SUMMARY INITIAL APPLICATION OF THE METHOD DISCOVERY LEARNING AND PROBLEM -BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING THE INFORMATIC BY THE INTERNET AND COMPUTING CORE CERTIFICATION Nguyen Thi Tan Tien* College of Medicine and Pharmacy - T\l To standardize the level of informatic for students to respese the study as well as the job search, Thai Nguyen University was proposed solutions, roadmap for outcomes standardizing of informatics the student's school One of the teaching methods to meet the requirements on teaching methods Discovery learning and Problem-based learning; [Vlethod: theory research, pedagogical experiments; Result: The application of teaching methods to Discovery learning and Problem-based learning informatic will help students have more posidve changes, results in better leaming Keyword: Discovery learning and Problem-based learning, Internet and Computing Core Certification Ngdy nhdn bdi: 15/9/2014: Ngdy phdn bien:08/10/20l4; Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/10/2014 Phdn bien klioa hoc: TS Nguyin Minh Tudn - Truong Cao ddng Y ti Thdi Nguyen Tel 0988 905105 ... thao tac d Microsoft Word va Microsoft Excel co giong khdng Cdch 3: Xem xet tuong tu Tu mdt tinh hudng da giai quyft dugc, GV cho SV xet cdc tinh hudng tuong ty df kich thich hogt ddng tich cyc cua... INITIAL APPLICATION OF THE METHOD DISCOVERY LEARNING AND PROBLEM -BASED LEARNING IN TEACHING THE INFORMATIC BY THE INTERNET AND COMPUTING CORE CERTIFICATION Nguyen Thi Tan Tien* College of Medicine... giai phap + Kiem tra tinh dung ddn cua gidi phdp: nfu giai phap diing thi ket thiic ngay, neu khdng dung thi lap Igi tu khdu phan tich van de cho dfn tim dugc giai phap dting Sau da tim mgt giai