MOT SO KINH NGHIEM OAO TAO NGHE THEO NANG EOl! THOE HIEN QUA Krr HOiP NHA TRlTdNG VA DOANH NGHIEP ThS LE A N H D U C " Nang luc thuc hien (NLTH) dugc hieu la kha nang van dung kien thue, kTnang (KN) t[.]
MOT SO KINH NGHIEM OAO TAO NGHE THEO NANG EOl! THOE HIEN QUA Krr HOiP NHA TRlTdNG VA DOANH NGHIEP ThS LE A N H D U C " N ang luc thuc hien (NLTH) dugc hieu la kha nang van dung kien thue, kTnang (KN) thuc hi^n cdng nhung viee, nhiem vu duge giao cua ngudi NLTH la nang li/c hanh nghe, gdm: KN thuc hanh tam van, KN tri tue, KN giao tiep, giai quyet van de; ed kha nang thich iing de thay dot; cd kha nang ap dyng kien thdc cua minh vao cdng vi^c; khat vpng hgc tap va cai thien; cd kha nang lam vi^e dpc lap va lam vipe eiing vdi ngudi khac nhdm; the hien dao ddc nghe nghiep, tinh ki luat va lac phong cdng nghiep Nhu vay, ggi mot ngudi ed nang luc (cai tiem an) thi NLTH la cai dugc the hien va ludng, danh gia dugc NLTH cua ngudi hpc nghe duge danh gia khach quan hgn khithdng qua md'iquan he giua nha tn/dng vadoanh nghiep (DN) 1.Daotaonghe(OTN)kethprp(quanhe}nha trudng vaDN d mpt so nude Mo hinh D TN ket hep nha tn/dng va DN ctia Cong hoa Lien bang Ddc Oac trung eg ban eiia he thdng giao due ehuyen nghiep ciia Ddc la thuc hien 'He thong kep" OTN, lien he gida dao tao tai tn/dng kip vdi dao tao tai xi nghiep D TN theo he thong kep la md hinh tien tien, phu hop vdi co caiu xa hpi ed nen cdng nghipp phat trien Chuong trinh OTN dugc phan giaidoan cabin va giaidoan ehuyen nghiep (giai doan co ban dugc day mpt nam lien tuc hay he thd'ng kep nam hpc dugc bdtri hpc xen ke theo md hinh: tuan hpc dtn/dng tuan d x i nghiep hoae tuan d trudng, tuan d x i nghiep ), O Thuy Si, Duan Tang cudng cac Tmng tam day nghe{do Swisscontact trien khai tai Viet Nam giai doan 1994-2008) cho thay cc4 Idi ciia giao dye chuyen nghiep va day nghe tai Thuy ST la viec hoc nghekem cap Qua trinh thudng xuyen dugc tien hanh pham vi mpi cdng ti, ngudi Thuy ST cdn goi hoat ddng dao tao la '1$p sutaixinghi^'hoa.c "tap st/hanh nghe' TaiNa Uy, he thdng giao due - day nghe sudung md hinh + 2, (2 nam hoc d tn/dng va nam hpc thuc te tai DN) Tuy nhien viec thuc tap khdng nhat (ki 2-5/2013)- thiet phai la nam eudi cung m a DN va nha trudng lap ke hoach dan xen qua trinh nam hpc DN cung nhu nha tardng, xay dimg ke hoach lam viec cho thuc tap sinh, ehii tat ea eac KN ehuyen mdn tddon gian den phuc tap va trpn ven cho mpt nghe cae nude ed nen kinh te va khoa hpe phat trien deu ap dyng md hinh ket hgp Tn/cffig va DN, nhddd da dao tao dugc ngudn nhan lue chat lugng cao dap ung sudi len cua KT-XH 2.DTNdVietNam Viet Nam, cd nhieu nghien cdu ve chat lugng ngudn nhan luc sau dao tao va cdng tac DTN da thu dugcnhiingketquakhaquan.Tuy nhien, NLTH chua dap iffig yeu eau thue te chat lugng ngudn nhan luc cdn nhieu bait cap: mdt tile khdng nhd eac sinh vien tdt nghiep hing nam khdng dii kien thue va KN can thiet deed the lam viee theo dung trinh ciia b i n g cap; nang luc nghe nghiep eiia hp khdng dap dng nhu cau cua xa hpi, cua noi tiep nhan lam viee Nhan thdc vai trd quan trpng eiia NLTH, td dau nam 2008 Trudng Cao dang nghe khu vuc Long Thanh-Nhon Trach (tn/dc day la Tmng tam Day nghe dugc Duan Swisscontact hd tra hu^ luyen giao vien; td2010 den Lien doan cac DN Na UyhStrp thiet lap mdi quan he vdi cac DN) da xiic tien lay y kien ciia DN.De'n nay, cd tren 100 DN thudng xuyen hd trg cho Tn/dng Qua hai dot khao sat (dgt vdi 100 DN vao thang 11/2010 va dgt vao thang 7/2012) Cac DN da gdp y ve nang lue hanh nghe ciia ngudi lao dpng (ke ca lao dpng phd thdng lam DN) nhusau: • KhIsi/dLing lao dpng kithuat, DN gap trd ngai (xem bieu va 2) So sanh ket qua tai thdi diem khae (Bieu va2\ cho thay, nhiing trd ngai tuyen lao ddng da giam dang ke; nhan su khdng dap img tay nghe eiJng giam tu31.4% xudng cdn 16,5%; nhien, tinh trang lam viec khdng on djnh edn cao, nen can ' TnRfngCao tfing nglie khu vifc LongTIianh - Nhan Trach, Bong Nai Tap chi Gido dye so 310 JI U ,B ^^r^^ Bieu dd Kel qua khao sat dot (1/2010} 30.9% 25%20% 1S% 10% • „ 24.7% :• p :• , •• • ^ 4.1% n Bieu Ket qua khao sat dot (7^012) luu y den y thuc cila ngudi lao ddng td hgc nghe - Kha nang lam viec hien tai ciia ngudi lao dpng dugc cac DN danh gia la (xem bieu dSSva 4): Oir^dialaa DNh/dtelao DNdaot^ol^i Ti/hgc Bieu Kel qua khdo satdot 1(11/2010) Q u ^ dto tao DN tu ddo 190 DN ddo 1^0 l?i Bieu K6i qua khao sat dot (7/2012) Bieu va cho thay: ti le nang luc hanh nghe cua ngudi lao dgng dugc dao tao tdTrudng nghe tang len them 9.8%; lao dpng phai dao tao lai giam tu40,0% xudng edn 27,1 %; ddng thcri, DN van phai tri glai phap tu dao tao tuyen dung lao ddng phd thdng hoactrainganh Ketqua thu dugc chuanhumong mud'n nhung budc dau da dem lai hieu qua khae biet (la ket qua img dung each tiep can dao tao dua tren NLTH) Qua i ^ g dung, trudng cao dang nghe khu vi/c da nit mdt sd kinh nghiem budc dau: 1} Phai thiet lap dU(X moi quan he gida nha tn/dng vdlDN theo mo hinhetjacae nude tien tienvdlsuhtuqciia mot sd td chdc dai dien gidi DN cd uy tin (vi dy Phdng Thuong mai va Cdng nghiep Viet Nam (VCC!) va Lien doan cac DN Na Uy (NHO) dang hd trg tai Tn/dng); 2} Xay dtmg dupc cac Ban cd'vanAu van ehat luang dao tao, gdm: ehuyen gia kT thuat cua VCCI, NHQ, cac DN tung nganh nghe tap trung vao viec gdp y chinh sua mpt sd ndi dung lien quan den chuong trinh dao tao, hinh thdc module, xay dung ke hoach tap huan giao vien va thuc tap cua hpc sinh, S V tai nha may; 3) Chuang trinh day nghe theo module eo cau tnic Ilnh hoat ddn gian nhung tam, gdm: Phieu xac dinh mue tieu thue hien euoi cung va Phieu hudng din thuc hien theo hinh thdc eiia Swisscontact Trong dd, chuan nang li/c hanh nghe dugc giao vien va hpe sinh luyen tap, ty danh gia (neu khdng thao nghe thi giao vien khdng the thiet lap dugc phieu nay); 4) Huan luyen giao vien va thietkecac hoatdong v(^DN:chii trpng ket qua la san pham cu the, hoat ddng sau la kiem ehung lai ket qua ung dung eua hoat dpng trudc (chang han, KN day hpc tich cue va giam sat giang day se danh gia hoat dgng day va hpc ed duqt^ iing dyng theo myc tieu dat hay khdng) Tap chi Gido due so 310 Oephattrien ngudn nhan luctfieoquan diem NLTH, cac cosdday nghe va mdl giao vien day nghe phai la ngudi thue hien Dd la: xay dung ke hoach nhlm thu hilt suhd trg ciia DN, tap trung vao hinh vaphat trien kien thdc trpng tam, KN va thai dp cho ban than va ngudi hpc Q Tai lit^u tham khao I Chi Ihi stf 53/2007/CT BGDDT ngJiy 07/9/2007 cua BCf GD-DT v6 Nhiem v{i trgng idm cua gido due dai hoc ndm hqc 2007-2008 NguySn Diic Tri 'Tifi'p can dko [90 nghfi dira trCn ning lire Ihtrc hifin va vific xfty dimg tifiu chuSn nghS" Tdng k^l D^ t^i khoa hpc c^p Vi$n Viin NghiSn cuu phdt trien gido due, H 1996 Roger Harris - Hugh Guthrie - Barry Hobart- David Lundberg Competency-Based Education and Training 1995 SUMMARY The author have presented the benefits of competency based training and more partners have supported model School-Enterprise in Vift Nam He have desired nach surveys basic experiences: Establishes model School-Enterprise Module skill training Teacher retraining -(ki2-5/2013) ... ddng phd thdng hoactrainganh Ketqua thu dugc chuanhumong mud''n nhung budc dau da dem lai hieu qua khae biet (la ket qua img dung each tiep can dao tao dua tren NLTH) Qua i ^ g dung, trudng cao dang... i ^ g dung, trudng cao dang nghe khu vi/c da nit mdt sd kinh nghiem budc dau: 1} Phai thiet lap dU(X moi quan he gida nha tn/dng vdlDN theo mo hinhetjacae nude tien tienvdlsuhtuqciia mot sd td...JI U ,B ^^r^^ Bieu dd Kel qua khao sat dot (1/2010} 30.9% 25%20% 1S% 10% • „ 24.7% :• p :• , •• • ^ 4.1% n Bieu Ket qua khao sat dot (7^012) luu y den y thuc cila ngudi