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PHiriTNG PHAP HffP TAC NHdM TR0N6 DAY HOC MON GIAO OUC CONG OAN 0 CAC TRITONG TRUNG HOC PRO THONG TREN D I A BAN T H A N H P H 6 H 6 C H I M I N H ThS H O TH! H O N G CUC* Doi mdi phuong phap day hpc[.]
PHiriTNG PHAP HffP TAC NHdM TR0N6 DAY HOC MON GIAO OUC CONG OAN CAC TRITONG TRUNG HOC PRO THONG TREN D I A BAN T H A N H P H H C H I M I N H ThS D oi mdi phuong phap day hpc (PPDH) la nhiem vy quan trpng cua ngudi day, nhat la glai doan hien nay, doi mdi PPDH coy nghTa nhu la mpt eupe each mang ve phuong phap (PP) Cupc each mang se mang lai sde song mdi cho su nghiep giao dye; cd mon Giao due edng din (QDCD) Phuong p h ^ hgp tac nhom (HTN) la phUOng phap (PP)trongddgiao vien (GV) tochdc doi thoai giua hpc sinh (HS) vaGV, giua HS vaHS nh^m huy dpng tri tue cua tap thedetim hieu, giai quyet mpt van dedo mon hpc datra hoae m ^ van dedo thuc teeupc song da hoi, tudodua nhung giaiphap, kiwi nghi,quan niem mdi PP day hpc theo nhdm c6 nhiJTig tac dpng tich cue ve mat nhan thdc nhu: HS ythdc dupc kha nang cua minh; nang cao niem tin cija HS vao viec hpc tap (HT); nang cao khanang dng dung khai niem, nguyen li, thong tin ve su viec vao giai quyet cac tinh huong khac Ngoai nhdng tac dpng ve mat nhan thdc, PP cd tac dgng ca ve quan diem xa hpi nhu: cai thien moi quan he xa hgi giua cac ca nhan; de dang lam viec theo nhom; ton trpng cac gia tri dan ehu; chap nhan 6\jqc su khac ve ca nhan va van hoa; cdtac dung lam giam lo au va sg that bai; tang cudng suton trpng chinh ban than minh Tuy nhien, PP chi cong vdi nhom nho (hieu qua nhat la td 4-8 HS), theo ehu de va hinh thdc; G V va HS ton rat nhieu thdi gian de hoan chu de CO chat lugng; Neu quan li khong hieu qua, eong viee se don vao mpt so HS va se khong cong bing danh gia Thuc trang sudung PPHTN DH mon GOCOdtruong THPT hien Thang 5/2012, chiing toi da tien hanh khao sat vipc van dung PPHTN DH mon GDCD a mqt so ta/dng THPT tren dja ban TP Ho Chi Ivlinh, tudo 38 Tap chi Giao due so 308 H O TH! H O N G C U C * de bien phap gop phan nang cao hieu qua DH b4ng PP 1) Tai Trudng THPT Tran Phu{Qukn Tan Phu): soGVthudngxuyen van dung PPHTN: 57,7%;thinh thoang van dung: PPHTN 30,8%; chua bao gid van dung: 11,5% Trong khidd, cac PP khae iai thudng duge G V sudung nhu: PP tuhpc, tunghien cuu: 58%; eae PP khac: 35%; PP thao luan Idp: 30%; PP neu van de: 20%; chl cd 12,5% GV sddyng PPHTN, rieng PP van dap: 5% khong bao gidsudgng Phan Idn HS dugc hoi cho r§ng GV khong bao gid sd dung cac PPDH khae ngoaIPP thuyet trinh 2) Tai Trudng THPT Binh Chinh (huyen Binh Chanh):2GV5namdaym6nGDCDchobiet:Phan dong GV (96%) thudng xuyen ehpn PP thuyet trinh giang day mdn GDCD; PP van dap: 24%, PP neu van de chl chiem 11%;PP tuhpc, tunghien cdu: 3%;cacPP khac:31%.0leunay chothay,hau het GV v i n CO thoi quen lua chpn, sd dyng cac PPDH truyen thong la chinh, ehua ed dugc nhdng cai tien manh mededoimo^PPDH theo hudng tieh cue 23% G V GDCD ed sd dung PPHTN d Idp chpn la HS cac Idp tham gia tieh cue hon cac Idp binh thudng Mac du, d Idp thucmg GV ciJng dua thang diem cpng doi vdl em nao tich cue va nguge lai se bi taf diem thi dua, nhung PP vSn chua mang lai ket qua nhu mong dgi 3) Tai Trudng THPT Nguyin Hien (Q.l 1): GV daymonGDCDchor^ng PPHTN rat phuhgp doi vdi khdi 11va12;bdihpc phan kinh te-xahpi, Nhanudc va phap luat la ehu de rat gan gui de cae em tranh luan Mac du chat lugng dau vao tot nhung chat luong khong dong deu nen tiet day HTN van cdnhung HS nang dpng va HS thy dgng; HS eon it xem bal * Ban Dan van Tlnb uy Dong Thap '(ki 2-4/2023) tn/dc d nha, phy huynh it quan tam den viec HT cua em,thdi lugng mpttiet hpc han ehe khdphat huy dugc su tuang tae cua HS Vi vay, ed tdi % GV thinh thoang sddyng PP neu van de; 73% sddung PP van dap; PPtuhpc,tunghiencdu:41%, PPHTN: 63%, PP thao luan ldp:35%, eae PP khac: 33% 4) Tai Trudng THPT Luong The Vinh (Q.l): 90% GV mon GDCDap dung PPDH truyen thong, chimptsoitGVvan dung PPHTN va thao luan nhdm Nhin ehung GV cac tardng ndl tren It van dyng PPHTN nhdng gid hpc binh thudng, do: thdi quen sd dung eac PPDH truyen thong, HTN la PP kho, ton nhieu thdi gian lugng kien thdc phai tmyen dat Idn, quy thdi gian danh cho mdn GDCD laiquait(1tiet/tuan);GDCDIam6n phu de HTN cong phai ton nhieu cong sdc chuan bi, khong gian Idp hpc chat, ban ghe codinh, HS dong nen viec di ehuyen ehia nhdm gap nhieu khd khan, tdquan niem eoi GDCD la mon phy, HS kh6ng chiitrpng hpc mon nen khong hao tham gia HTN heGV-HS, HS-HS;-GVedthong tin phan hoituHS de dieu chmh viec day, viec hpc, 2) Nim vung md'i quan he giua PPHTN vdi cic PPDH tich ct/c khic Khdng cd PP, phuong tien va hinh thde DH nao la van nang Vi vay, DH, GV can ehu y sddung phoi hgp cac PP, phuong tien va hinh thuc to chdc DH mpt each phu hgp Mpttrong nhung PP hien dugc cac tn/dng THPT danh gia mang lai hieu qua eao la PPHTN PP nayed nhung uu diem nhuda neu dtren Tuy nhien, neu ehi may mde va cutig nh&c ap dung PP ma khong biet ket hap hpp II vdi cae PPDH tich cue khac se lam giam hieu qua bai day 3) Ting cudng kl nang van dung PPHTN DH GDCD dtrudng THPT cho GVMeu GV CO PPHTN tich cue, hap dan se loi cuon duoe HS tham giamptcach tugiac, De khich leHS tieh cue tham gia HTN, nen CO eac cot diem thuc hanh danh cho eac buoi HTN.Tuy nhien, G V nen tranh tinh trang quataikhigiaobaitap HTN venhade HSed thdi gian vda hpe, vda cd nhdng phut thu gian detinh than duoe Mpt so bten phap nang cao hieu qua sd thoai mal tiep nhan bai hpc dung PPHTN DH mon GDCDdtrudng THPT Hien nay, HTN bao gom hai hinh thde: - Nhom dja ban TP Ho Chi Minh hinh tdben ngoai (HS tugiac eung lap 1) Decao vai trd cua PPHTN DH mdn mpt nhom detrao dol bai tap ve nha; nhdm GDCD d cic trudng THPT Trong qua trinh HT CO the la hpc cung Idp, ciing tn/dng hoae tham chi la cua HS tai trudng THPT, giao dye dao dde, phap khac ta/dng); - Nhom HT sinh quatrinh HT iuat cho HS tao dieu kien cho cac em trdthanh nhung d Idp, dudi su hudng dan cua G V (moi nhdm td 4-5 cong dan tot la mpt vipc lam het sdc quan va HS, GVtu s i p xep theo so Idp, theo ketqua xep can thiet Oe giiip HS cd nhan thde tot ve dao dde, 161 loai HT ) So vdl nhdm hinh ben ngoai, nhdm song, phap luat, giup cac em co the tu tin budc thao luan khdng cd su chuan bi ta/dc d nha ngoai xa hpi, G V day mon GDCD can phai thudng nen phat huy hieu qua khong cao De phat huy tinh xuyen tim tol, nghien cdu va tim nhung bien phap tich cue eua hinh thdc nhdm thu nhat, nen phong DH cdhieu qua tranh cac tinh trang tieu cue cothexay ra, la phaicd HTN la mpt PPDH co nhieu uu diem: - Tao co hpi su lien he giua cac phy huynh vdi va vdi G V de tol da cho mpi vien trpng nhdm dugc boe lo su theo ddi, bam sat kiem tra em minh hpc nhdm Cd nhieu each de lap nhdm Dudi day la hieu biet cua minh, giup HS phat trien kha nang tu va diln dat;-Tao CO hpi cho mpi vien each lap nhdm; (xem bang trang ben) nhom hpc hdi lan nhau, tap ISng nghe y kien cua ngudi khae mot each kien nhan, lich su, tap danh gia y kien ngudi khac m^t each dpc lap; - Giam bdi tinh chu quan, phien dien, tang tinh khach quan khoa hpc kien thdc cua HS; - Hinh thdiquen tuong tac HT, tang cudng nang luc hop tac va khong hieu biet, doan ket, tin cay lan nhau, khien gidhpc trd nen sinh dpng, hap dan han; - Kich thich thi dua gida cac vien nhdm; - Cai thien moi quan (ki 2-4/2023)- Trong HTN, co the tham khao mdt sdmd (MH)sau; hinh 1)MH "Phit bieu lan iuat' Mpi vien deu cd CO hgi phat bleu, tham gia, mpi ngucri d l biet ve han Tuy nhien, khdng tranh luan bj han che, tao tam li it thoai mai vdi mot so ngucrt; vay, chi nen diing lue dau, mpi ngudican tu gidi thieu ve minh; hoae can cdy kien rieng eua moi ngudi; khdng thao luan qua tram ling Tap chi Gido due so 308 39 Hinh ttiiic 1-Cac nhdm gom nhiJng ngi/6in/ nguydn, diung m6i quan tSm cac Uu Nhi/oc Cach thi/c hi^n - Lfu, nhuoc diem €>oi ven HS day la each d l chiu nhat de lap nhom, dam bao conq viec cdnq nhanh nhat DS lao su lach biSt giiJa cSc nh6m ttong lop, vi vdy c^ch tao lap nhdm nhu thS khong ndn [a kha nang nhat Bang each dem so pfiat Ihe, rut tham, sfip xdp Iheo mau s^c Cdc nhom luon luon mm se dam bao mpi HS deu cd the" HT dttjng nhdm vd* tat ca cac HS khac Nguy CO co true trfic se tfing cao HS phai sdTn lam quen voi Nhi/oc viec 06 de thay ring cach lap nhom nhu vay la bmh thuonq Xe nhd mdt biJc tranh hofic cdc to lai li$u can xiJ II HS dugc phal cac mau xe nhd, nhiJng HS ghep biic iranh hoSc Id tai lidu se tao nhdm Uu Cach lao lap nhdm kilu vji choi, khdnq qay su doi dich Can mdl it chi phi d^ chu§'n bi vfi cfin nhieu thdt gtan hon de Nhi/^c tao ifip nhdm Vl du Tat ca nhung HS cung smh mua dong mua xufin miia hd hofic mua Ihu sd tao nhdm Tao Ifip nhom mpi cach dgc dfio, tao nidm vui vfi HS cd I h l Uu b i l l rd hon Cach iam mat di tinh ddc dao nfiu dugc SU dgng thudng NhucfC Uu Nhom gh^p hinh HTN se tao co hpi cho mpi HS, tu kha gioi cho den yeu kem, deu dupc tham gia vao hoat dpng HT va phat huy tinh chu dpng sang tao nang luc tu doc lap cua tting ngudi Vi vay, G V day mon GDCD can phat huy Icri the cua PP de gid hpe tranh khoi nham chan, kho khan dong thdi khoi gai duoc tinh tich cue HT cua HS,dem lai hieu qua cao cho mon hpc • Tai lieu t h a m khao BO GD-DT Giao due c6ng dan Id-p 10, 11, 12 NXB Gido difC Viil Nam, cac H 2010,2011 nh6m vdl BO GD-DT Giao trinh trifthtjic Mfic nhiing (I|c L^nia (dCing cac trudng dai hgc (JiSm va cao ddng) NXB Gido duc, H 2007 ehung Cfic nhdm dugc In mpt s5 tuan ho|c mpl sd thang Bp GD-DT SO nam p h a t trien sir 5.cac nghidp giao d u e va dao t^o NXB Gido Cfic nhdm thfim chl cd thd' duoc dSt tdn neng nh se nhan duge them nhiJng bai tap bo sunq dien ngudi thdi ki cdng nghil!p hda nfing li/c HS cd the lu xfic dmh mgc dlch ciia minh Vt du,, b| drem - hien dai hda NXB Chinh in qudc gia, HTkhfic Uu H.200! kem Irong mdn Todn thi cd Ihl tap Irung vfio mgt so ft bai tap Phan Trong Ngo, Day hoc vk phuvng 2) MH: Hiep y tay ddi Hoan thien suy nghl ca p h a p day hoc nha trudTig NXB Dgi hgc su nhan trudc phat bleu; tao khong thao luan phgm Hd N6i 2005 de ehiu Song mpt so ngudi cdthe khong coca hpi Tai lieu boi d u d n g giao vi£n mdn Giao due cdng phat bieu, vi vay nen dung bien phap giai d t n 10,11 va 12 NXB Gido due H 2010, 2011 doan dau cua thao luan Thai Duy TuySn P h u o n g p h a p day hoc truyfin 3)MH 'Hoan thien tdng budc" Hoan thien tdng thtfngvadoinMn.NXBCi"do