REN LUYEN Kl NANG NGHE HIEU THEO DINH HUONG CHUAN TOEIG CHO SINH VIEN KHONG CHUYEN TIENG ANH TRAN TH! P H U O N G THAO" Vdi myc dich nang cao nang luc tieng Anh cho sinh vien {SV}, hien nay nhieu quoe[.]
REN LUYEN Kl NANG NGHE HIEU THEO DINH HUONG CHUAN TOEIG CHO SINH VIEN KHONG CHUYEN TIENG ANH TRAN TH! P H U O N G T H A O " V di myc dich nang cao nang luc tieng Anh cho sinh vien {SV}, hien nhieu quoe gia ehau A (trong dded Viet Nam) dang ap dung day va sir dung TOEIC lam "chuan dau ra" cho SV khdng chuyen tieng Anh Trong bai thi TOEIC, "nghe" la mptphan ratquan trpng, dupc thietke phan khac nhau: 1) Nghe lua chpn tranh; 2) Nghe eau hdl va lua ehpn \d\ dap; 3) Nqhe doan hpi thoai; 4} Nghe mpt eudc ndi chuyen ngin Tuy nhien thuc te, viee day va hpe theo chuan TOEIC gap rat nhieu khd khan nhu: chuong trinh eo hep, khong dii thdi lupng day; qua nha'n manh vao cac chien luoc lam bai thi; bd qua eac kTnang (KN) khac (vie't, noi),., Do dd, nhieu giang vien (G V) tip mdn hau nhu ehi lam nhiem vu la hudng d i n eho SV cac KN devupt qua ki thi TOEJC Bai vie't dua mdt so hoat dpng ap dung qua trinh giang day de ren luyen KN nghe hieu theo djnh hudngTOEIC cho SV khdng chuyen tie'ng Anh Ban chat cua "nghe hieu" "Nghe hie'u" ddng mpt vai trd quan trpng viec giang day ngoai ngif Theo eac nha nghien etiu (Willis, Field), "nghe" la kha nang xac djnh va hieu nhifng gi ngudikhac dang ndi.Dieu bao gom viee hieu gipng dieu, each phat am, ngi?phap, tii vi/ng cua ngudi sudung va quan trpng hon la hieu dupc "thdng diep"hpmu6n ehuyen tai.Theo O'MalleyvaChamot (1989) "Nghe hieu la mptquatrinh hoatdong va cdy thde dd ngi/di nghe xay dt/ng y nghia bing each sudung tin hieu tucac thdng tin theo ngucanh va kien thdc cd san, dua vio ngudn tai nguyen chien luqc dedap ung yeu cau cua nhiem vu"{{) T i i dinh nghianay cd the ket luan: ban chat cua nghe hieu la khuye'n khich ngudi hpctap trung, tich ct/c ling nghe y ngudi ndi bing each su dung khdng chi eac kien thi/c ngdn ngir ma cdn ca cac kien thiic "ngoai ngdn ngif" cua ban than Ta)ng phuong phap day hpc (PPDH) ngoai ngir, cac nha nghien ciru da phan loai mo hinh nghe hie'u: nghe chi tiet/td dudi ten (bottom up) va nghe td'ng ht/pAdtren xudng (top down) Theo md 58 Tap chi Giao dye so 305 hinh nghe ehi tietAu dudi ien, ngudi nghe quan tam den thdng diep tii nhifng don vj nhd nhat (am) de'n don vi ldn nhat (ngdn ban) Qua trinh lien ket chat che vdi kien thtic ngdn ngif ciJa ngudi nghe Khi ap dung mdhinh giang day KN nghe, GVed the yeu cau SV nghe de biet chi tiet ey the va nghe nhsin biet mo hinh thCr ti/tii Tuy nhien, mo hinh lai co han che: hieu van ban la mpt qua trinh 'luong tac" giiia kien thirc da cd eija ngudi nghe vol ngdn ban, vi the hieu qua nghe hie'u khdng the chi di/a vao ki6'n thiic ngdn ngif Ngupc lai, theo md hinh nghe tong hapAdtren xudng ngudi nghe dUa vao nhifng "kien thu'c nen" cd san eiJa ban than va nhifng kien thii'c ben ngoai de giai thieh nhung gi hp nghe thay Theo Buck (2), ap dung md hinh nay, ngudi nghe se sd dyng nhieu loai kien thi/c khae ma khdng can theo mdt trat tunao.Hpedthehieu dupc nghla cua ttita/dc "giai ma" am dd Vi vay, giang day ngogi ngif, GV cd the yeu cau SV ling nghe y chinh eija ngon ban, nghe suy luan, nghe du doan va nghe tdm tit Quan diem rat coi trpng vai trd kien thiic nin cua ngudi nghe vdi ngdn ban dupe nghe Tuy nhien, neu chl phu thupc vao kien thifc nen, ngudi hpc cd these khdng nghe dupc nhifng thdng tin "khdng quen thude" va chl ed the dua vao kien thiie ngdn ngu ma thdi Rd rang, neu chi ap dyng tifng md hinh day nghe se khdng dat dupc hieu qua giang day Mud'n nang cao kha nang va hieu qua nghe eua ngudi hpc, GV can phai "tieh hpp" ea hai md hinh day hpe KTnang nghe TOEIC Nghe hie'u la mpttrong hai KN chinh cua bai thi TOEIC (cung vdi dpc hieu) Phan thi dupe chia lam phan (vdi 100 eau hoi thdi gian gian 45 phut), yeu cau thi sinh phal the hien dupc kha nang nghe hie'u ngdn ngif^ndl tie'ng Anh (English spoken) cua ban than Cy the: 1) Picture Description (10 cau): thi sinh quan * Khoa Ngoai ngir- TnfOng flai hpc Vinh -(kil-3/2013) sat mdt btic tranh va chpn dap an phu hop nhat mieu ta bi/c tranh Dap an khdng dupc in gia'y va chi dupc nghe nhat mdt lan 2) Questions and Responses (30 eau): thi sinh dupc nghe mpt cau hdi, cau hoi dap va chpn cau hoi dap phu hpp nha't 3} Short conversations (30 cau); thi sinh dupc nghe 10 doan hpi thoai va tra ldi cau hdi ve npi dung doan hpi thoai dd Mdi doan hpi thoai gom cau hdi kem theo 4) Short Talk {ZO cau): thi sinh dupe nghe 10 doan ndi ngin dudi dang nhifng ban tin (ve then su, the thao, quang eao, ) sau dd tra Idi cae eau hdi ve chiing Mdi dogn se cd cliu hoi kem theo Cac hoat dong a p d u n g ren luyen K N n g h e hieu TOEIC ' \ Trong thuc te giang day tieng Anh eho SV khdng chuy§n, nghe hieu dupe xem la KN khd khan nhat, Phan ldn eae em deu danh thdi gian eho KN dpc va khdng thudng xuyen tiep xuc vdi nhieu kieu tai lieu nghe khac Thieu l