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mOT 50 DHRG BHI THP RCH LUVCH THRO TflC LHP LUnn TRORG LHffl URR RGRj LORR [CHOOfRG TRJRH IIBIfliailU] TtiS P H A M KI^U ANH Trong mdn Nguvan, phan mdn Lam ran(LV) mang tinh thue hanh 6 tiet LV, bai t[.]
mOT 50 DHRG BHI THP RCH LUVCH THRO TflC LHP LUnn TRORG LHffl URR RGRj LORR [CHOOfRG TRJRH IIBIfliailU] TtiS P H A M KI^U A N H T rong mdn Nguvan, phan mdn Lam ran(LV) mang tinh thue hanh tiet LV, bai tap (BT) chinh la "bd cong cu" quan trgig, giup giao vien (GV) bd mdn cd dieu kien dmh hudng eac ngi dung can luyen tap thuc hanh Bdi vay, BT thuc hanh rat can thiet viec thuc hien cae nhiem vu day hpc phan mdn LV dtrudng phd'thdng Trong chuang Irinh N g i i van (NV) 11, cae tfiao tae lap luin (TTLL) ducfc trien khai mdt he thdng.Od la nhdng ngidung li thuyet kTnang cdvai trd quan ddi vdi viec ren luyen lap luan cung nhu van dung vao qua trinh tao lap van ban nghi luan cua hpc sinh (HS) Bai viet tap trung gidi thieu mgt so dang BT thudng dupc su dung luyen tap thue hanh cho HS Vai tro GIB BT gidthuc hanh LV nghi luan Trong thuc hanh LV, BT tn/dc het la nhiing "mdi tn/dng giao tiep" cu the va mdi dang BT thuc hanh LV deu gan lien vdi mgt ndi dung giao tiep Ndi dung aychidupeludng minh hda"trong mgt hoan canh, vdl mpt dd'i tupng va hudng \a\ mdt muc dich cu the Cac BT chinh la co sd de GV tao cac mdi tn/dng giao tiep cu the, tao dieu kien de HS the hien nang lue nhan thiic, kT nang cung nhu thai hpc tap cua ban than Ben canh dd, cac BT thuc hanh LV la nhung cdng cy thiet thuc giiip GV hudng d i n HS cung CO nhiing kien thiic, kTnang LV ma cac em da dupc hpc cac gid li thuyet Thdng qua cac hoat dpng cua tu (nhu phan tich, chiing minh, phan doan, khai quat, tong hop}, HS viia hieu sau^hon cae kien thiic khoa hgc nhung "san pham" cu the, vda cd ea hdl iing dung nhung npi dung da hpc vao giai quyet van de thuc tien Cd the ndi, vdi cac BT thue hanh khac nhau, HS thuc su duae "tu bien" nhimg "cai dacd, ben trong" de doc lap, lu chu giai quyet cac van de T i i dd, G V cd dieu kien de danh gia nang lue nhan thuc cua HS mpt each khach quan; hieu them ngudi, suy nghT thai dp ctia HS trudc nhiing van de cua cudc sd'ng; phat trien tu duy, de tudng tupng, tinh dpc lap suy luan, hinh y thiic nghiem tuc, khoa hpc hpc tap d cac em _ Mat khac, he t h m g BT thue hanh edn la cau noi gin ket GV va HS - ctf sd de tao nhung khdng gian hoe tap than thien kieh thieh su hiffig thu, say me hoc tap ddi vdi ngudi hge Mpt so dang BT ren luyen TTLL 1)BTnhan dien BT eho s5n noi dung ngu lieu (NL) va yeu cau HS phan tich de tim nhung bieu hien ve dae diem cua TTLL hay each thuc hien TTLL NL ay BT thudng dupc ap dung phan thuc hanh sau day li thuyet ve cac TTLL Thdng qua BT nhan dien, GV se danh gia duoc miic dp nam kien thdc cua HS, qua dd cung cd' eac tri thuc hoae dieu ehinh nhung sai lech nhan thiic cua cac em ve TTLL ay Chang han, sau day cho HS ve TTLL binh luan, SGK NV11 da BT vdi yeu ciu:"Ooan trich sau dayed sudung TTLL binh luan khong? Can cd vao dau de anh (chi) ed the k^t luan la co (hoae khdng)?''va neu ndi dunq NL De tra Idi dupe yeu cau cua de bai, HS can n i m vung nhung kien thiic cung nhu dae diem ciia TTLL binh luan Khi Sli dyng BT nay, G V cd the lay NL theo SGK hoae tli ben ngoai Tuy nhien, cac NL lay tii ben ngoai SGK phai dam bao tinh lieu bleu, rd rang va the hien rd dae tning cua viec su dyng TTLL can thuc hien 2) BTso sanh, doi chieu BT neu nhiJng NL ed the an chiia cac hinh thdc the hien TTLL hoae cd suddi chieu vendi dung y nghTa Tii nhiing NL,GV yeu eau HS phan tieh detim sutuong dong va khae biet giua Chung Chang han, sau day eho HS ve TTLL so sanh, delo chuc thuc hanh "nhan dien" suso sanh, NV 11 da dua BT vdi yeu cau: "Hay so sanh ngon nguthaHoXuan Hucfng va ngon ngdthaBa Huyen Thanh Quan qua hai bai tha Tutinh (bail) va Chieu hdm nhdnha' BT nhim muc dich kiem tra nhan thiic cua HS d rniic van dung nhung npi dung da hpc, da biet de kham pha va lim bieu hien cua nhiing kien thiic cac NL cu the Do BT so sanh, ddi * Khoa Ngir vaa, TrtfUS B^' ^^ ^ P^"> "^ "^i ^ 321 Tap chi Gido due so 304 -(ki2-2/2013) chieu thudng dupc sudung cac gidthuc hanh cac TTLL hay hucffig d i n HS each thiie ket hop eae TTLL, nen lua chgn, GV can luu y NL dupc chgn phai cd su tuang dong vdi ve mat kien thiic (tlie la he thd'ng cae TTLL duoc sudyng) hoae ve ndi dung van de Qua dd, GV hudng dan HS phan tich de tim su tuang dong va khac biet tiing NL, rut nhung ket luan ve su cam nhan cua mdi ca nhan HS 3) BT phat hien, sua ldi Trong gid thuc hanh, GV bg mdn can to' chiic cho HS phan tich de phat hien sii sai sdt each van dung va the hien cae TTLL Thdng qua viee phan tieh loi, xac djnh nguyen nhan m§e ldi va sua lai nhung chd dien dat ehua chinh xac, HS se lu rut nhung nhan xet cu the ve each thiie hien va sd dyng cac TTLL trinh bay van de D?ng BT se giup GV viia dieu chinh lai eae van de li thuyet cho HS, lai vda thuc hien mue dich luyen cac KN va trinh dp su dung cac TTLL qua trinh l§o lap van ban cua ehinh cac em BT phat hien sua Idi cd the duae su dung cac tiet thuc hanh, tiet tra bai Tuy nhien, thuc te cho tha'y, GV rat ngai thuc hien kieu BT bdi ddi hdi nang lue sU pham, su kheo leo, te nhi iing xii ciia GV phan tich ldi sai sdt, nhSm tranh suhieu khdng diing tuphia HS Khi sudyng BT, GV cdthe chgn nhiing NL cola dilndatchuachinhxac, hoae lay tli chinh bai viet cua cae em Khi ehgn NL tii "san pham" ciia HS, GV can phai thuc sucan nh^c de khong lam anh hudng ldi lam li cung nhusumac cam cua cae em ta/dc ban be Khao sat bai lam cuaHS,edthenhan thay, Idima cac em mac phai thudng la chua hieu dung ngi dung yeu cau cua van de (hoae luan diem) Vi the, su dung cae TTLL, HS thudng thuc hien chua diing theo dae trung cua cac thao lae, nen each lap lu|n cua cae em thie'u chat ehe, khdng lao duoc su Ihuyel phyc da vdi ngudi liep nhan Khi hudng d i n HS thyc hanh, GV can ehu yeu cho eac em lim nhung chd ehua dung, chua phii hpp vdi ndi dung van de hay yeu cau cua de bai, tim nguyen nhan dan tdi ldi dd roi yeu cau cac em dieu chinh lai cho diing ve viee van dyng kel hap nhieu TTLL bai van nghi luan Muc dich chinh cua BT la yeu cau HS phan tich NL, nhan thay su ket hpp cua phan tich va so sanh dien dat ndi dung nghi luan, qua dd hieu dung hon muc dich, y nghla cua su ket hop eac TTLL Qua dd, HS seed nhung KN sudyng va y thuc van dyng nhiing kien thiie ma eac em thu dugc vao qua trinh lao lap van ban cua ban than 5} BTtao lap doan van, van ban BT yeu cau su van dung kien thue tdng hop va nhiing KN ma HS da thu duoc vao qua trinh viet doan van hay viet bai van ngin, nen Ihudng duae sii dyng cac gidthuc hanh hoae GVyeu cau HS viet cac bai van kiem tra (15 phiit, mgt tiel) BT thudng ed hai phan: 1) Neu yeu cau tao lap; 2) Neu rd ngi dung phai the hien Thdng qua BT, GV se cd nhu'ng dinh hudng ca ban hudng d i n HS thuc hien nhiem vy lao lap Tuy nhien, viec thue hien BT gid hgc se tdn nhieu thdi gian nen nhieu GV thudng hudng dan HS lim hieu yeu cau eua de bai roi lam bai tai nha Cach lam tiet kiem dupe thdi gian song lai ehua giiip cae em phat huy 6uac dung nang luc nhan thiie va KN cua ban than sang tao mgl thdi gian nhat dinh Thue ra,BT khong chigiiip HS thehien nang luc nhan thiie va KN ma nd edn giiip eae em the hien kha nang "linp bien" nhung cai ben de tao cac san pham cy the Vi vay, theo ehiing tdi, G V cd the eho HS thuc hien BT gid thuc hanh tren Idp va sau dd danh gia san pham cac em tao Vdi each lam nay, GV seed them co decung cd, khic sau cung nhu boi dudng them y thiic can trgng thuc hien va sU dyng eac TTLL vao chinh qua trinh lao lap van ban sau Dd'i vdi HS , GV can the hien rd yeu c i u cung nhu npi dung nghi luan de cae em ed dinh hudng cho viec lao eac "san pham" mdi Vi dy, hudng d i n HS luyen lap ve TTLL phan tieh, NV11 cdchgn BT vdi yeu eau: "Phan tich ve dep eua ngdn ngu nghe thuat Tt/tinh (balll)" 6) BT trien khai vdimtjc dich "tich hgp" Day la dang BT yeu cau HS ed the tii nhimg kien thiic eua van ban, ciia phan mdn Tieng Vietva LV6e li giai va tim nhiing kien thiic mdi BT giup GV tan dyng he thdng kien thuc cac phan mdn cua Ngii van de tim nhung kien thiic va KN mdi nen cd Vi du: Khi hudng d i n HS thuc hanh van dyng ket tinh "long hgp", thudng dupe sudyng hudng hop eac TTLL phan tich va so sanh, NV11 neu BT1 dan HS td'ng hpp cac kien thiic va KN da hgc vac li vdi cac yeu cau cy the: - Nhan dien cac TTLL (S\i(3c giai vain de su dyng NL; - Phan tich myc dich, tac dyng V i d y : hudng d i n HS tim hie'u ve TTLL binh va each ket hdp cae TTLL NL; - Neu danh gia l u a n N V I I c d d u a r a B T ; "Co ngudi eho ring binh 4) BTphan tich, danh gia BT thudng cd hai phan: 1) Neu ngi^dung NL; 2) Yeu cau phan tich NL duoc chpn cd the la mdt doan trich hoae mdt van ban (Ihudng cd dung luang ng^n}, vai npi dung gin vdl cac van de Irong van hgc hay va cua xa hgi (ki2-2/2013)- Tap chi Gido due so 304 33 luan ching qua ehi'la su kit ht^p cua hai kieu lap luan giai thich vachungminh Nhan x^ ay dung hay kliong dung?Vi sao?" Ve ban chai, day la mdl dang cua BT tieh hop, dd van de dinh hudng tich hpp chinh la can cu vao md'i quan he giua cae tri thiic cu (giai thich va ehung minh la nhung kien thuc ma HS da dugc trang bi tu cap tmng hge ca sd) va tri thuc dang hpc (binh luan) he thdng tri thue ve van nghi luan De tim Idi giai eho BT nay, GV can giiip HS he thdng lai nhiing kien thuc cu bang each khai gai lai nhung ndi dung da hoe de tu dd cac em tim moi lien he giua cac kien thiic Trong qua trinh ren luyen eac TTLL, he thdng BT chinh la "bd cdng cy" thiet yeu, giiip G V thuc hien cac myc dich thuc hanh Mdi kieu BT cdmdt dae diem rieng, vai trd rieng hoat dpng thuc hanh Vi vay, to chiic luyen tap, G V can can cii vao myc dich can ren luyen ma sii dyng cac BT cho phu hpp ^ Tai li^u tham khao I LO A (chu bifin) - Le Thj Thanh Ha - LO Th( Tam Hao - NguySn Thj Hoa - Trin Van To^n - Nguyen Thyc Irang va gial phap quan li (Ti^ theo Irang 6) hanh lot cdng tac kiem tra, kiem loan cua co quan QL va quy djnh miic chi theo danh myc dupe ehi nhu cac tn/dng CL; + Cd thdng tu hudng dan thue hien Quyet dinh 60/2011/QD-TTg, dae biet hudng d i n viec hd tro chi phi bdi dudng nang cao trinh dd chuyen mdn nghiep vy cho GVMN NCL; hudng dan thue hien chinh sach uu dai ve tin dyng de cac co sd GDMN tu thyc cd dieu kien nang cap, cai lao CSVC, trang thiet bj 5^£7d/i'OT(/6Wi?; +UBND linh/thanh phd cd cac van ban dao chi dao UBND quan/huyen tang eudng QL cae ea sd GDMN NCL theo diing quy dinh phap luat cua Nha nuoc Xuli nghiem nhung ca sdvi pham quy dinh hien hanh; + Day manh xa hdl hda GDMN, khuye'n khich phat trien tnidng mam non tu thuc; + CdcPchekhuywi khich XHH GDMN: Uu tien cho thue dat lau dai cho vay vdn tin dyng uu dai decac td'chiic hoae canhan md trudng MN lu thyc Thue hien che dp thue hgo li va cap hd trp kinh phi cho tre hgc MN tu thyc tli ngan sach nha nude theo tl le nhait dmh vdl ddi tucmg phu hap 4) Do) vdi phong GD-DT quan/huyen: Can cii vao cac quy djnh ehung QL eac ca sd GDMN 34 Tap chi Gido dye so 304 Quang Trung Thuc hanh lam vSn Icip 11 NXB Gi6o due H 2(K)9 Bfl GD-DT Tai lieu boi dirung giao vien Npirvfin II ^XB Gidn due H.Zm^ ^ Ha Thuc Hoan Lam vAn nghi luSn li thuyet vi thirc hanh NXB Thudn Hod Hufi' \ 992 Phan Trong Luan (chu biCn) Ngtr van l U i a p ! 2) NXBCid^^rfuf H.2007 Bao Quy^n Ren luyen kl nSng nghi lu$n NXB GfriwJHC H 2004 Nguyen Quoc Sieu Ki n^ng lam vin nghj luitn phd thong, NXB Gido due H 1993 D6 Ngoc Thong (chii hien) - Pham Minh Di$u NguySn Thanh Thi L a m vSn NXB Dgi hoc su phtfm, H 2(H)8 SUMMARY Composition Writing is a pracUcal subject To be more exact, the knowledge and skills in text formation are only delailed formed and developed through practice activities When it comes to the conduct of composition writing activity, it can be seen that exercises are an important tool, facilitaUng the leacher to orientate Ihe content that needs drilling and practising This arlicle is focused on investigating some exercise types used to drill patterns of argument for senior high school students NCL de cae bien phap chi dao QL phu hc^ vdi thuc tiln dia phuang; + Cd bien phap hd trp kip thdi doivdi cac CP s d G D M N NCL tren diabanvenhSn su, CSVC va hoat ddng chuyen mdn 5) Doi vdi cac ccr sd GDMN NCL: Tiiy dieu kien thuc te cua loai hinh ca sd GDM N NCL de ap dung eac giai phap QL ca sd GDMN NCL da dupc de x u a l Q Tai lieu t h a m khSo h Bao cao l6ng kfi't ili t&i: "Doi m&i qudn li easd gido due mdm non ngodi cdng ldp qud trinh hdi nh^p qudc if (Ma sO': B20 i 0-37-88CT Chu nhifm de tai: TS Trdn Thi Ngoc TrSm) BO GD-DT Bdo cdo tdng k^l ndm hgc 2011-2012 vd phucmg hudng nhi^m vu gido due mdm non ndm hoc 2012-2013 Ha NQi 8/2012 SUMMARY This article introduces the results of the study of the status and management soluUons insUtuUon's nonpublic preschool Vietnam to reform management of non-public pre-school education in the process of intemational integration The management of preschool education institutions including many areas, this article focuses on four areas: management of education plan: management of quality educaUon: organization and personnel management: financial management -(ki2-2/2013) ... Icip 11 NXB Gi6o due H 2(K)9 Bfl GD-DT Tai lieu boi dirung giao vien Npirvfin II ^XB Gidn due H.Zm^ ^ Ha Thuc Hoan Lam vAn nghi luSn li thuyet vi thirc hanh NXB Thudn Hod Hufi'' \ 992 Phan Trong. .. (hoae luan diem) Vi the, su dung cae TTLL, HS thudng thuc hien chua diing theo dae trung cua cac thao lae, nen each lap lu|n cua cae em thie''u chat ehe, khdng lao duoc su Ihuyel phyc da vdi ngudi... dinh hudng cho viec lao eac "san pham" mdi Vi dy, hudng d i n HS luyen lap ve TTLL phan tieh, NV11 cdchgn BT vdi yeu eau: "Phan tich ve dep eua ngdn ngu nghe thuat Tt/tinh (balll)" 6) BT trien