Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thi True Mai MOT SO HINH THlTC VA BIEN PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA SC DUNG SACH GIAO KHOA TRONG DAY HQC HOA HQC 6 TRl/OfNG TRUNG HQC PHO THONG N G U Y E N TH! T R O C MAI[.]
Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM Nguyen Thi True Mai MOT SO HINH THlTC VA BIEN PHAP NANG CAO HIEU QUA SC DUNG SACH GIAO KHOA TRONG DAY HQC HOA HQC TRl/OfNG TRUNG HQC PHO THONG N G U Y E N TH! T R O C MAI' TOM TAT Sdch gido khoa (SGK) Id tdi liiu hoc tap khdng thi thiiu ddi vdi HS Biet each sir dung SGK mot cdch khoa hpc se dem lai kit qud hqc tap cao han Bdi bdo ndy trinh bdy cdc vdn di ca bdn ve SGK: khdi niem, cdu true, tdc dung, cdc hinh thiic sir dung vd mot s bien phdp ndng cao hieu qud sir dung day hoc Hda hoc a trudng trung hqc phd thong (THPT) Tu khoa: sach giao khoa, Hoa hpc, trung hpc thong ABSTRACT Some approaches and measures to increase the efficiency of textbook me in teaching and learning chemistry in high schools Textbook is an indispensable learning material for students Using it scientifically will bring better academic results This article presents basic issues of teactbook: concepts, structure, effects, some approaches and measures to improve the efficiency of textbook use in teaching and learning chemistry in high schools Keywords: textbooks, chemistry, high school Sach giao khoa / Khdi niem Theo Dai tir dien tieng Viet: "Sdch gido khoa la sdch sogn theo chuang trinh di day vd hgc nhd trudng" [6] Trong Luat Giao dye, chuong 2, muc 2, dieu 29 : '"Sach giao khoa cu thg boa yeu cdu vk npi dung ki^n thuc vd kT nang quy dinh chuang trinh giao due ciia cdc mon hpc nhung lop cua gido due thong, dap ijmg yeu cau ve phuong phap gidng day thong Bp trudng Bp Giao due vd Ddo tao ban hanh chuang trinh thdng, duyet sach gido khoa de sii dung chinh thuc, on dinh, thong ' HVCH, Jnf&ng Dgi hgc Su pham TPHCM nhat gidng day, hpc tap a cac co sd giao due thong, tren co sd tham dinh cua Hdi ddng qudc gia tham dinh chuong trinh giao due phd thdng va sach giao khoa" [1] Theo Nguyin Xudn Trudng; "Sach gido khoa Id tai lieu nhdm c\i thS boa chuang trinh mon hpc qua mpt he thdng cac bai hpc" [5] 1.2 Cdu true Nhin chung, SGK ciia cdc mon hpc hoac ddi vdi cung mdn hpc cho nhung lap hpc cd the cd vdi dac diem khdc cdu true Ve mat li thuyet, mo hinh cau tnic SGK thudng gdm phdn: phdn ddu, phdn giiia va phdn cudi Phdn ddu SGK mdi mdn hpc gdm 25 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCIVI c6: trang bia chinh va bia lot Tren ghi ten Bo Giao due va Dao tao, ten tac gia ten sach, ten lop, ten Nha xuat ban va nam xuat ban Tijy theo tCmg mon hpc ma phan dau co them nhung thong tin khac Phan giua SGK la phin chinh cua sach, theo dac trung bg mon ma SGK CO cau true theo phan hay chuang Ben cac phan hay chuang la cac bai hpc, la nhOng don vi kien thirc ctia mon hpc duoc trinh bay du6i dang lai van, hinh anh (anh chup, tranh ve, so do, lupc do, ban ) va nhung chi dan ve each tien hanh cac boat dpng hpc tap de linh hpi cac don vi kien thire Tiiy theo tinh chat ctia mon hpc ma npi dung ph4n cu6i khac phin cu6i SGK thuang co nhimg phan sau: muc luc ciia SGK, miic luc tra ciju, phan phu luc 1,3 Tdc dung SGK la phuang tien day va hpc rit quan trpng d6i vol giao vien (GV) va hpc sinh (HS) SGK co nhung tac dung sau day: 1.3.1 Bdi vdi hoc sinh HS la doi tupng phuc vu hang diu cua SGK Nhiing tdc dung ma SGK mang lai cho ddi tuomg la rit lan, co th^ het ke nhu sau: Cung cip cho HS nhimg ki6n thirc, kl nang co ban, hien dai, thi^t thuc va co he thong theo nhOng quy djnh chuong trinh ciia mon hpc - Gop phin hinh cho HS phuong phap hpc tap tich cue, kha nang tu hpc, tu nghien ctru mon hpc SGK la tai lieu quan trpng nhat d6 HS tu hpc, tu 26 S6 45 nam 2013 tiSp thu tri thiic cin thi jt cho ban than Tra cuu, tham khao: SGK dupe coi la mot cong cu tin cay, co tinh thuyjtphuc cao doi vdi HS, giup cho HS lira kiem dupe nhiing thong tin chinh xac, phii hop voi lira tuoi, vai trinh dp hien tai ^ cua HS T^o diSu kien cho HS tu kilm tra, danh gia kien thiic, kl nang, tu khang dinh kha nang ciia minh ddi vai mon hpc, til CO nhitng bien phap cu thS de l\f b6 sung kien thirc va ki nang cho minh Giup HS cung co va van dung nhtrng hieu bilt nhiing tinh huong khac cua thuc tiln, dam bao su bin vChig va tinh hieu qua cua kiln thirc va ki nang cho HS D6ng thoi giup HS lien kit nhtrng kien thirc kT nang da hpc voi cugc song va san xuat nham nang cao chat lupng cupe sing ca nhan, gia dinh va cong ding Phat trien d HS kha nang irng xir, co hanh vi van minh, y thiic duac vi tri ciia minh gia dinh, nha truong va xa hpi; gop phan giao due dao dire, tham mi va nhan each cho HS Chuan bj va tao dieu kien cho HS tiep tuc hpc len hoac vao cac truong hpc nghe hoac tham gia cac boat dpng ciia dai song xa hpi 1.3,2, Ddi vai gido vien SGK khong chi phuc vu cho qua trinh hpc ciia HS ma phuc vu cho qua trinh day cua GV, cu the nhu sau: Quy dinh pham vi va mire dp kiln thirc, ki nang ma GV can phai chuyin tai din HS Giiip GV c6 phuang huong hanh Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM ddng viec td chuc cac boat ddng day hpc, khol gpi va phdt huy kha nang tu hpc ciia HS Hd trp cho GV viec thiet ke giao dn, viec td chiic, dieu khien cac boat dpng hpc tap vd danh gia HS La phuong tien d^y hpc cua GV cac gid len lap Cac hinh thuc su* dung SGK day hoc Hoa hoc a trirong THPT Tuy theo tung npi dung kien thiic, timg ngu canh hpc tap ma co the van dung cac hinh thiic su dung SGK sau ddy; 2.1 Doc to cho ca l&p nghe Hinh thiic don gian, de sii dung; giiip cho nhiing hpc sinh yeu kem cd co hOi tham gia vdo bai hpc Dong thdi ren cho HS kl nang dpc nhu: miic dp to, rd; sir luu loat, dien cam Han che cua hinh thiic Id HS khdng phai ddng nao suy nghi nen khong giiip phdt trien tu 2.2 Tim ehu than Trong cdu cd nhung tu/cum tii quan trpng la linh hdn cua cdu Neu thay the nhung tir ndy cd the lam hieu sai y cua cau hay ciia doan van, nhung tir nhu vdy dupe gpi la "chii than" Bh tim dupe chii than cd the thuc hien nhu sau; Budc 1; Dpc that cham cau hoac doan vdn SGK Budc 2: Tim cac chii quan trpng, khdng the bd di Budc 3: Gach chdn dudi cdc chiJ vira tim dupe HS nen thuc hien hinh thiic liic chudn bj bdi trude len Idp Nguyin Thi True Mai 2.3 Tdm tdt noi dung mot doQn SGK Tdm tat ed nghia Id trinh bay lai npi dung ciia doan van gdc mdt each ngan gpn ma vdn giu dupe y tii ban ddu ciia no Ldm dupe viec s6 giiip HS nam dupe y chinh ciia doan van nen se hieu vdn de mdt each ro rang va sau sac, tao dieu kien thuan Ipi cho viec ghi nhd va dn tap kien thiic Khi tdm tat ta thuc hien nhu sau: Budc 1; Dpc doan van can tdm tat Budc 2: Tim cac y chinh cua doan Budc 3; Thiet lap moi quan he giiia cac y mpt each ngan gpn, sue tich ma van dam bdo khdng lam thay ddi y ban ddu 2.4 L^p ddn y ndi dung bdi hpc theo SGK Cd dan y HS se nam dupe bai mdt cdch tdng qudt nhdt vd cd he thdng; tao dieu kien cho viec ghi nhd npi dung bai hpc mdt each ro rang, khdng bi nhdm Idn giiia cac npi dung kien thiic Dan y dupe lap vdi cdc budc thuc hien nhu sau: Budc 1: Dpc nhanh mdt lupt SGK (chii y cac de muc ciia bai) Budc 2; Dpc ki lai SGK dk tim y chinh, y phu cac phdn cua bdi hpc Budc 3: Thiet lap mdi quan he giiia cdc ndi dung dudi dang so dd Chu y: xdy dung mdi quan he giiia cac y phdi di tir y Idn den y nh6; y chinh den y phu Tdt nhdt ta nen 14p dan y chung rdi mdi lap dan y chi tiet 2.5 Di^a vdo SGK trd Idi cdc cau hdi Su dung cdu hdi hpc tap khdng nhiing ren cho HS khd nang tu md edn giiip cac em tu tin hon Cac cdu 27 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM hoi ciia GV cung chinh la gpi y de tim npi dung kiln thirc cin linh hpi, nhu vay tra 161 dupe cac cau hoi la HS da tu linh hpi duac kien thirc Khi sir dung cau hoi, khong nen diing nhttng cau qua de hoac qua kho; nen dat nhitng cau hoi kich thich su himg thu tim toi ciia HS hoac can phai phan tich, suy luan tir kien thirc SGK De tra idi cac cau hoi co the thuc hien nhu sau: - Buoc 1: Xac dinh npi dung cau hoi nham vao phan nao SGK Buoc 2: Dpc tham phan npi dung da xac dinh d budc Budc 3: Vach cac y/ suy luan cac y phin da dpc thim de tra Idi cau hdi Budc 4: Ket noi cdc y de cd cau tra Idi hoan chinh 2.6 Khai thdc thong tin tir hinh ve, mo hmh SGK Khac thac thdng tin tir hinh ve, md hinh giup ren cho HS ki nang quan sat, phan tich va diln dat; HS hieu bai sau sic va diy dii hon Hinh thiic nhim khai thac npi dung kenh hinh ciia SGK nen chi su dung d mdt sd phan cd hinh ve, so dd va thudng bi HS bd qua vi khdng phai ciing cd kha nang tim cac kiln thire in cac hinh ve, md hinh Vi vay, dl thuc hien cd hieu qua cin qua cac budc nhu sau: Budc 1: Quan sat toan bp hinh ve, md hinh - Budc 2: Md ta lai theo su quan sat ciia ban than Budc 3: Phan tich va dua nhan xet ve ndi dung kiln thuc in chua ben 28 Sd 45 nam 2013 2.7 So sank, phan tich cdc bang sd lifu SGK Theo Tir dien tieng Viet thi so sanh cd nghia la: "xem xet de tim nhung diem gidng nhau, tuang tu hoac khac biet vl mat sd lupng, kich thudc, pham chit " phan tich cd nghia la: "chia tach dl giang giai, nghien curu" Dii djnh nghia cd khac nhung cd hai diu la qua nhttng cai ben ngoai de tim ban chit ben vin de cin xem xet Hinh thiic ren cho HS ki nang quan sat, so sanh, phan tich cac sd bai hpc, ddng thdi giiip phat trien tu Day la mpt yeu cau tuang ddi cao, cd the la khd khan doi vdi HS trung binh - ylu D I thuc hien duoc cin luyen tap qua cac budc nhu sau: Budc 1: Xem thong tin mpt each tdng qudt (Bdng sd lieu trinh bay ve npi dung gi? ciia nhthig chit nao?) Budc 2: So sdnh cdc sd bang sd lieu Budc 3: Phan tich, nhan xet vl ndi dung an chira ben bang sd lieu 2.8 Dita vao SGK giai thich cdc fink huong, cdc kien ttrffng thyc tiSn Muc tieu cao nhit ma mpt bai hpc hudng tdi la HS bilt vdn dung cdc kiln thirc li thuyet da hpc de giai thich cac tinh huong, cdc hien tupng thuc tien Dieu giup HS himg thu vdi viec hpc tap va yeu thich mdn hpc han Tuy nhien, n$i dung thi cir njng vl kiln thite li thuylt va bai tap nen viec lam it dupe quan tam thuc hien Ben canh do, thoi gian tren Idp khdng du de vira truyln dat Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM kien thiic vira cho HS van dung thuc hanh Vi vdy, de hinh thiic thuc hien CO hieu qua, GV can len ke hoach va phan bd bai giang hop H, HS edn ti^n hanh cac budc sau: - Budc 1: Dinh hinh nhiing kien thiic da hpc lien quan den tinh hudng hoac hien tupng dang xet - Budc 2: Dpc nhanh lai npi dung kien thiic SGK .- Budc 3: Tim mdi lien he giira npi dung kien thiie vdi cac tinh hudng, hien tupng cua GV dua - Budc 4: Van dung kien thiic lien quan de giai thich 2.9 Dgt cdu hoi cho titng noi dung bdi hoe (ngudi hoc dgt cdu hdi) Day la mdt hinh thiic mdi, giiip phat huy tinh tich cue, sang tao ciia ngudi hpe; ddng thdi tao moi lien he hai chieu giua thdy vd trd, tao khdng Idp hpc soi dpng Sii dung hinh thiie cac bai 6n tap, tdng ket se mang lai hieu qua rat cao Tuy nhien, hinh thiic lai tdn nhieu thdi gian va neu GV khong biet each dieu khien Idp hpc se de bi thu ddng vd'khdng dat kSt qua hpe tap nhu mong mudn Co the dat cdu hoi qua cac budc nhu sau: - Budc 1; Xem lai ndi dung bai hpc SGK Budc 2: Dat cac cau hdi xoay quanh eac y chinh ciia bai hoac dat cac cdu hdi ma bdn than can gidi dap Budc 3: Ciing thao luan de tra Idi cdc edu hdi ndy 2.10 Ldm bdi t^p vdi SGK Bdi tap SGK Id nhiing bai da Nguyen Thi True Mai dupe chpn Ipc va bam sat npi dung bai hpc Vi vay, HS lam bai tap SGK la each tot nhat giiip HS dn luyen, ciing ed va khac sau kien thiic da hpc Khi giai bai tap ed the thuc hien nhu sau; Budc 1: Dpc de bai SGK - Budc 2; Tdm tat de Budc 3: Xac dinh va xem lai npi dung kien thiic lien quan SGK Budc 4: Phan tich tim hudng giai Budc 5: Tien hanh giai 2.11 Su dung SGK de chuan bi bdi tru&c len l&p Thdi gian hpc tren Idp dudng nhu khong dii de HS tiep nhan va hieu kT npi dung bai hpc, vi vdy ma viec chudn bi bai trude len Idp dupe xem la mpt giai phap mang lai hieu qua hpc tap cao Tuy nhien hpc d nha, khong co su hudng dan cua GV nen HS de doe lan man, hieu sai npi dung kien thiic; han nCra GV ciing kho kiem tra dupe viec hpc ciia HS De dat hieu qua nhu mong dpi HS can thuc hien qua cac budc nhu sau: Budc 1; Dpc nhanh SGK de xem nhiem vu nam d phan nao, co van de gi chua ro can trao doi vdi GV Budc 2: Ghi lai ket qua lam viec bang each danh dau vao sach hoac ghi ndi dung d vd bai tap Mot so bien phap nang cao hifu qua su dung SGK dgy hoc Hoa hoc d trudng THPT Dua vao dac diem ciia SGK, d^c trung ciia mon hpc ciing vdi thuc trang day hpc hien nay, ed the dua mdt sd bien phap nhdm nang eao hieu qua sir dung SGK 29 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM 3.1 Ren cho HS cdc ki nang ldm viee vdi SGK De sir dung SGK th^t hieu qua, HS edn CO nhiing kT ndng nhu: dpc, tim chu' thdn, tdm tat, lap dan y, so sdnh, phan tich, tim cau trd Idi Trong so cac kT ndng neu tren thi kT nang dpc la rat quan trpng, co kT nang dpc se tao tien de tdt de hinh cac kT nang edn lai De viec dpc cd hieu qua thi phai dpc CO chii dich, cd nghTa la can phai biet muc dich chinh trude mdi lan dpc vd dpc theo muc dich Viec dpc khdng phai la dao mat qua cdc trang SGK Khi dpc hay dpc mdt cdch tich cue vd chii ddng; luon de y vd tap trung vdo nhung chd in dam hay in nghieng; ed gdng dpc tat cd moi thii, chii y cdc bang bieu, sa va hinh minh hpa Cdc kT nang lai: tim chQ than, tdm tat, lap dan y, so sdnh, phan tich, tim cdu tra Idi da dupe trinh bay chi tiet d mpc ciia bai bao 3.2 Tgo thdi quen dpc sdch trie&c din Idp Nhieu HS thudng khdng dpc bai mdi trude den Idp vi cho rdng viec khdng quan trpng, chi can len Idp nghe thdy cd giang bai la du Nhung that su lai khong phdi nhu vdy, viec doe bai trude giiip HS dinh hinh dupe kidn thiic, nhd dd HS dl ddng ti8p thu bdi, hi^u bai sdu han va nhd Idu han De hinh mdt thoi quen can cd su kien nhdn, thuc hien thudng xuyen Ban ddu, neu cdc em chua nhan dupe lai ich cua viec dpc bai trude d^n Idp, GV nen yeu cdu cac em thuc hien dudi 30 Sd 45 nam 2013 dang cac nhiem vu va dan dan cdc em thdy dupe Ipi ich ciia boat ddng ndy thi cac em se tu giac thuc hien ma khdng edn GV phai nhde nhd Sau dpc xong npi dung bai hpc cac em cung co the l^p dan y cho bai hpe hay ghi lai cdc cho khdng hidu de hdm sau nghe giang chii y d6n doan dd hon hoac co the hdi thdy cd giao 3.3 Tdng th&i gian cho HS ldm viec v&iSGK Thdi gian tren Idp la cd dinh, vi vdy GV can cd nhiing bien phdp de HS lam viec vdi SGK dat hieu qua cao De lam dupe dieu nay, GV phai de muc tieu kien thirc can truyen dat, ndi dung trpng tdm ciia bai va phan bd thdi gian hap li Vdi nhung phan de khdng nen thuyet giang ma cho HS tu dpc SGK va tra Idi cac cau hdi hoac lam cac bai tap van dung; doi vdi nhung phan khd han can co nhung hudng ddn cu the de HS lam viec vdi SGK Khi HS ldm viec vdi SGK nen cho cdc em thdi gian suy nghT, thao luan tim cdu tra tdi; khdng hdi thiic, gay ap luc Vi du: Khi dgy bai Clo - Hda hpc 10, GV danh nhiSu thdi gian hudng dan cho HS lam viec vdi SGK de ndm cac kien thirc ve tinh chdt vat li, tinh chdt hoa hgc va diSu ehS; ddi vdi phdn ling dung, GV khdng thuyet giang ma yeu cdu HS dpc SGK, tdm tdt cac ling dung chinh va lay cac vi du minh hpa 3.4 Su dfing edc phuang phdp thich hap v&i tung npi dung Trong chuang trinh Hda hpc phd thdng cd cac dang bdi: Cac bai day v^ thuyet va djnh ludt Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM hda hpc ca ban Cat: bai day ve nguyen to va chat vd CO, Cac bai day \h Hoa hpc hiiu co, Cac bai luyen tap, on tap, Cac bai thuc hanh Hoa hpc Trong timg dang bdi lai chia cdc phan nhd, chang ban: vdi dang bai day ve chat v6 ca thudng gom cac phdn; cdu tao, tinh chat vat H, tinh chat hda hpc, ung dung, trang thdi tu nhien, dieu che Bai day ve chdt hiiu co thi cd; ddng ddng, ddng phdn, danh phdp, dinh nghTa, phan loai, dac diem cdu tao, tinh chat vat li, tinh chat hoa hpc, dieu che, ling dung Vi vdy, giang day can phdi CO phuang pHap sir dyng SGK phii hop vdi timg npi dung Vi du: Khi day ve thuyet vd djnh ludt Id nhiing bai day khd, co nhieu khai niem triru tupng khdng the hoac khd tien hanh thi nghiem hay diing cdc phep tinh de di den nhiing ket luan; GV nen cho HS dpc SGK de ndm dupe npi dung, cdng nh^n cac quan diem cua ede thuyet, sau van dung li thuyet vao ldm cdc bdi t^p cu the Khi day ve phan tinh chdt hda hpc: day la npi dung kien thiic quan trpng cua bai, cd the cho HS ldm viee cd nhdn hoac theo nhdm vdi cac hinh thiic nhu dpc SGK, tom tat, tra Idi cdu hdi, dat cdu hoi cho timg npi dung 3.5 V^n dung linh hogt ede hinh thdv su dung SGK Cac hinh thiie sir dung SGK chi that sir CO gid tri GV biet each van dung linh boat day hpc Khi van dyng Nguyen Thi True Mai cac hinh thiic sii dyng SGK khong nen cirng nhde ma can chii > nhung diem sau day: Tiiy theo trinh dp HS, dp kho ciia kien thiic ma cd su lua chpn hinh thirc sii dung cho hop li; Tiiy thupc vao thdi gian cho phep ma lua chpn hinh thuc sir dyng de tranh tinh trang "chay giao dn" hay "udt gido an" GV khdng ngimg thay ddi cdc hinh thiic de viee van dung trd nen mdi la thu hilt HS tham gia vao qua trinh hpc Trong mdt tiet day GV nen ket hpp sir dyng nhieu hinh thirc bd! moi hinh thirc deu ed the manh rieng va s^ giiip cho HS phat trien dupe nhieu kT nang khac 3.6 Kit hap su dung v&i edc phuang tien day hpe khdc Trong mpt tiet day, neu GV chi sir dyng mpt phuong tien day hpc nhat cd the lam cho tiet hpc trd nen nham chdn, khdng gdy dupe hiing thu cho hpc sinh Va Hda hpc lai Id mdt mon khoa hpc thuc nghiem vdi nhiing dac trung rieng ve mdn hpc nen day hpc ngoai phuong tien ehi'nh la SGK thi GV edn ket hop su dung cac phuang tien day hpc khac nhu: giao an dien tir, phieu hpc t|p, phuang tien true quan, thi nghiem Vi du: Khi day phdn danh phdp ciia anken, GV co the yeu cdu IS dpc SGK vd hoan phieu hpc tap Phieu hpc tap gdm cdc cau hdi ve quy tdc dpc ten, yeu cdu HS dpc ten mdt sd anken hodc cho ten mdt sd anken yeu cdu HS viet cdng thire cdu tao 31 Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM 3.7, Tao thu cho HS sur dung SGK Himg thu la nen tang ciia he ddng CO, CO tinh chat rat quan trpng ddi vdi cac boat ddng ndi chung va boat ddng nhan thire ndi riSng Himg thii manh me vd long ham hpc hdi chinh la yeu td tien quyet de dat dupe cdng Vi vay qua trinh day hpc, GV cin co nhung bien phap de tao dupe su himg thu hpc tap cua HS tu dd thdi thuc cac em say me hpc hdi Khi su dung SGK cd thi gay himg thu bang each: Thudng xuyen thay ddi hinh thiic, phuong phdp su dung nhim tao sy phong phu, da dang; Khdng ngimg tim hilu nhung phuong phdp su dung tao sir mdi la hpc t^p; Dua nhttng cau hdi thu vi, nhitng tinh hudng hip din, kich thich tri td md ma HS cin phdi lam viec vdi SGK dl tim Idi giai dap; Khai thdc cac tu lieu SGK dl giup HS md rdng them su hilu bilt ddng thdi them yeu thich bd mdn Hda hpc; Pham vi kiln thiirc cdc dl thi diu khdng ndm ngodi SGK nen viec bam sat SGK giiip HS hpc dung trpng tam, khdng hpc lan man, danh thdi gian cho viec luyen t?p va hpc cac mdn hpc khdc; neu HS nim chdc nhttng ndi dung SGK thi hdu nhu se cho kit qud tdt cac ki thi 3.8 Tang cu&ng viec kiim Ira, danh gia Kilm tra, danh gid la mdt bd phjn ciia qua trinh day hpc nhung co tinh dpc 32 So 45 ndm 2013 lap tuong ddi vdi qud Irinh na\ Viec kiem tra, ddnh gid khdng nhiing giup GV phat hien thirc trang hpc tap cua HS va tim hieu nguyen nhan ciia thuc trjng dd ma no giiip GV biet duac tinh hieu qud ctia phuong phdp giang day ma GV dua Day la co sd thuc te de GV dilu chinh vd hodn thifn hoat dpng day ciia minh cung nhu boat dpng hpc tap ciia HS GV cd the sii dung nhttng hinh thiic kiem tra, danh gia sau: Quan sdt thai dp hpc tap cua cac em; Kilm tra thdng qua kit qua cdng viec cua cdc em; Ddnh gid qua diem sd cac bdi kiem tra 3.9 Nang cao nang life supham GV cd nang lire su pham tdt se dl dang vupt qua nhttng khd khan qua trinh giang day Dac biet td chiic cho HS lam viec vdi SGK - mpt hoat ddng tuong chimg nhu don gian nhung khong de thuc hien cd hieu qua Vi vay, nguoi day can khdng ngimg hpc hdi, trau dii kien thuc chuyen mdn, ki ndng su phjm vOng vdng Dieu cd thi dupe thuc hien nhir sau: Thudng xuyen thu thap, c|ip nhat cdc thdng tin ttt cdc sach, bao, tap chi tren thu vien, mang internet Day la ngudn cung cip kiln thirc rit phong phil vd httu ich; Khdng ngimg quan sdt, ndm bit tam li Cling nhu theo ddi kit qua hpc t?p'cua HS de cd nhttng hieu chinh phii hop qud trinh day hpc Manh djn trao ddi, chia se nhihig Tap chi KHOA HOC DHSP TPHCM khd khan vdi cac ddng nghiep (eiing hoac khdc bp mdn giang d^y) de ciing thdo gd nhung vudng mac; Tham gia cdc Idp tap hudn, cac budi noi chuyen chuyen de, cdc dien dan giao dye bd ich de hpc hoi, diic ket kinh nghiem cho ban thdn Ket luan SGK la phuong tien hpc tap rat gan giii vdi HS, neu biet cdch su dyng hieu qua thi khong nhtrng ket qua hpc tap duac ndng cao ma edn giiip HS hinh Nguyen Thi True Mai thdnh thdi quen dpc sach, kT nang tu hpc, tu nghien ciiu tai lieu SGK giup ich rat nhieu cho HS tu hpc, hinh cac kT ndng can thiet hpc len cac bac cao hon vd qua trinh hpc tap suot ddi Song kien thiie ve cupe song ben ngoai sdch vd rdf phong phii va da dang Vi vdy, ben canh nhiing kien thiic SGK HS ciing can dupe cung cdp them nhiing kien thiic, kT nang ciia eupc song xa hpi ben ngoai TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Bp Gido due vd Dao tao (2001), Cdc van bdn phdp ludt hien hdnh ve Gido due - Dao tgo, Nxb Thong ke Bp Gido due vd Dao tao (2007), Nhung vdn de chung ve ddi mdi gido due trung hoc thdng mdn Hda hpc, Nxb Giao due Trdn Ngu Dan (2008), Sdch gido khoa vd phuang phdp ldm viec vdi sdch gido khoa Ngic vdn 10, Lu^n van Thac sT, Trudng DHSP TPHCM Dang Thi Oanh, Nguyin Thi Suu (2006), Phuang phdp day hpc cdc chuang muc quan trpng chuang trinh - sdch gido khoa Hoa hpc thong Trudng DHSP Ha Npi Nguyen Xudn Trudng (2006), Phuang phdp day Hpc hoa hpc a trudng thong, Nxb Giao due Nguyen Nhu Y (2008) Dai tu diin tiing Viet, Nxb Dai hpc Qu6c gia TPHCM (NgAy Toa soan r)h$n cft/pc b^i: 27-02-2013; phin bi$n danli giii: 25-3-2013: ngdy chip nhin dSng: 22-4-2013} 33 ... Nhung vdn de chung ve ddi mdi gido due trung hoc thdng mdn Hda hpc, Nxb Giao due Trdn Ngu Dan (2008), Sdch gido khoa vd phuang phdp ldm viec vdi sdch gido khoa Ngic vdn 10, Lu^n van Thac sT, Trudng... hoac ghi ndi dung d vd bai tap Mot so bien phap nang cao hifu qua su dung SGK dgy hoc Hoa hoc d trudng THPT Dua vao dac diem ciia SGK, d^c trung ciia mon hpc ciing vdi thuc trang day hpc hien... dfing edc phuang phdp thich hap v&i tung npi dung Trong chuang trinh Hda hpc phd thdng cd cac dang bdi: Cac bai day v^ thuyet va djnh ludt Tap chi KHOA HQC DHSP TPHCM hda hpc ca ban Cat: bai day