'Mot so hinh thufc danh bat thuy san truyen thong cua dan chai song Lo NGUYfiN THI Mcf d a u U gifla Ibng phd Tuyen Quang, tinh Tuydn Quang dfi ton tai mdt van chfii cb lieh sfl hinh thdnh lau ddi Cho dti khde it nhieu vl nguIn gd'c dfin cfl, thdnh phan tdn giao nhitag trai qua qud trinh chung sd'ng, ho da hop thdnh mdt khd'i cbng dong cfl dan Hg hpp lfle tren tinh thdn dodn ke't, tflcmg trfl de trien khai cde boat ddng ldnh te' tai dia phflflng, nha't Id danh bdt ca song dfla trdn cfl sd ke' thfla va each tfin cfic loai ngfl cu, phflcfng tien vd Ity thuat ddnh bdt truyin thbng vb'n cb tfl trfldc Hidn so dan chfii dpc theo hai bd song Lo d thfiiih phd' Tuyen Quang, tinh Tuydn Quang cb 52 hd, 152 nhan khau Ngfldi dan sd'ng nhflng ngdi nhd nii trdn sdng nhitag ve mat hanh chinh hg vdn thudc cfic dim vi xa, phfldng trdn bd, db tap tnmg nhdt Id cf phudng: Minh Xuan, Ndng Tien vd Tfin Quang Thflc te' cho thfi'y, dan van chfii ludn phai bdm tru vao mbi trfldng song nfldc de kiem mieng ecfm manh ao Bdi vfiy, euge sd'ng ciia Jig tilm an nhttng rui ro vd phai ddi dien vdi nhieu tbfich thfle tfl dilu kien tfl nhien vfi dilu kien xa hgi Nghe ed TAM* truyen thd'ng vfin chid'm mdt vi tri quan trgng sinh ke' ciia hg Tuy nhidn, nguon Ifli thiiy san iiien dang bi suy giam bdi cfic hoat dgng khai thdc qua mflc eiia ngfldi dfin Bdn canh db, mdi trfldng sd'ng tu nliidn ciia cac lofii thuy san nude ngpt cung bi d niiiem manh chat thai eiia hoat dgng eong nghiep, chat thai tfl trlng trgt (Warecod, 2012) Vi vay, nghien eflu cae hinh thfle danh bat thiiy san, mdt mdt de thd'y dflflc nhan thfle, nhijng cdeh flng xfl, cung nhfl nhttng net vdn hba, dde trflng xa hgi eiia eon ngfldi dd'i vdi mdi trfldng sdng nflde; mat khde de thay dfltfc nhftng thuan Ifli vd khb khdn ciing nhfl thach thflc ciia cbng dong ngfl dan giai doan iiien nay; tfl db, tao ctf sd khoa hpe de de cde giai phap giup dfin chai khai thdc mdt cdeh hpp ly, b i n vflng cac nguon lpi td sdng, dong thdi gbp phan bao lUU dflflc gifi tri nghi cd truyen thdng N h u i i g h i e u b i e t c u a d a n v a n chai s o n g Lo v l n g u o n Igfi t h u y s a n O vimg sdng Ld, thdnh phd' Tuyen Quang mua mfla bat dau tfl thfing keo ddi dd'n he't thfing Nhitag thdng 6, 7, eb * NCS Nguyin Thi Tfim, Hoc vidn KHXH, Vi^n Han ldm KHXH Vi6t Nam Nguyin Thi Tdm - Mgt so hinh thde ddnh bdt thuy sdn truyen thd'ng 67 nhieu kha nfing sinh Iu, chie'm khoang Nhdm cd sdng gdn ddy ngu dfin 18% tdng Iupng mua ea ndm Vimg nUde thfldng gpi la cac lofii cfi fin chim nhfl ea mdu md, giau thflc an tao dilu kidn thuan chach, ca due, cfi hba, ea anh vu, cfi bien, lpi cho sfl tap trung nguon lpi cfi tang tren, cfi cay, cfi lfl do, ea chfiy da't, cd chat, cd tang gifla vfi tdng gan dfiy- ncfi tap trung mdng (mdng mfip vd mang nhing), ea tre, eao ddn ea, tdm bd' me mua sinh san cd ditag, cfi dide, ed chep, ca vln, ea nheo, vd cung ifi nfli sinh trUdng td't eho dan ca cfi nhdng, ed bau, ca diii, ca nganh, cfi Dan chdi song Ld cd nliieu kinh mam, ca trdm den nghiem vide nfim bdt thdi tie't, ehd' - N/idm cd ddy cb san Iflpng vfi chiing dp thiiy vdn nen hp bid't rd khu vUc ed loai khdng nhiiu nhung gid tri kinh td' nhiiu cfi thuan lpi eho vide ddnh bat Hg mang lai rat cao nhfl ea dam xanh, ed anh thudng dua vfio mdu nUdc sdng de nhfin vu, cfi chien, ea Ifing biet sU di ehuyln ciia dan ea, tfl tid'n Ca d vung sdng Ld phdn ldn dn tap, ve hdnh cae hinh thflc danh bat phu htfp miia mfla chflng tap trung nhftng Sdng Ld la nfli cb mdi trfldng sinh sd'ng dfin ldn, ngflpc lai vdo mua kho, dfin cfi thufin lpi eua nhieu loai cd cb gifi tri kinh phan tfin vdo viing gdn bd d l de trflng, te eao nhfl: ed lang {Hemibagrus guttatus), nha't Id vdo thdng Tam Am lich Thdi diem cfi chidn (Bagarius yarrelli), ca bbng nfiy, cfic lofii ca to thfldng noi ban iSpinibarbus denticidatus), ea anh vu nhieu hon ban dem, ehu yd'u la vao buoi (Semilabeo obscurus) He ea sdng cb sfing tfl gid dd'n gid, buli chieu tdi tfl 16 khoang hPn 30 loai, db bb cfi chep cb gid dd'n 19 gid Vao cac khung gid nfiy, trdi sd' lodi nhieu nhat: cd chep, cd sinh, ca troi, ddng, nfldc due, ea di vdo bd, noi ldn tren vfi theo titag ddn nen de danh bdt cfi mfing, ca tram den, cfi trdm co, cfi me Ngofii nhdng nhan biet ve thdi tiet, cdc trdng, cfi chfiy Bp cfi vupc diln binh lfi eae lodi: cfi rb mo, ed bdng den Mpt sd' loai ea lofii ea, dan chdi sdng Ld cbn phai eb nhttng da trfln cb cd lang, ea chien, cfi nganh, ca iiieu bid't vl quy luat ehuyen ddng cua cac nheo, cfi bb Vdi nguon Ifli sfin eb, tfl ra't sinh vfit sb'ng nfldc - ddi tfldng dfinh lau, nhiiu nhbm eu dfin d khu vflc ven sdng bdt eua hp Bdi ngofii mdt sd it lodi ed sd'ng Ld dfi xem vide khai thdc thiiy san trdn vfi sinh san tai chd, ebn eb mdt so lupng ldn cae loai cfi di ehuyen tfl vung ndy sang viing eon song ndy nhu la sinh ke' ciia minh khde theo miia Nhttng ngfldi dfin chdi vdn Cfin cfl vfio tap tinh sinh sd'ng eiia cde thfldng nbi "mda ndo thdc ndy" de chi dieu lofii thliy san, eb the chia thdnh nhbm nfiy O vung song Ld, mbt nam cb khac nhau: vu khai thac rb ret: vu ea tfl thang Ba den - Nhdm cd tdng mdt (tang trdn), dan thang Tam va tfl thang Chin dd'n thfing chdi sdng Ld thudng gpi Id nhbm ea noi Chap Dfin chdi song Ld dfldng nhu thupc Tidu bilu Id cfic loai cd mUflng, cd chay, cd Ibng cfic miia cfi, nam dUpe lieh di chuyen trdm CO, ca mb, cd trdi, ca di gdn, ed hao, ciia ede loai cfi qua khu vUe hp thudng danh cd rd phi, ca bbng, dbng dong, can caih, cfi bdt Db thudng la nhflng kmh nghiem dfltfc due kd't eiia ddn chfii ve thdi dilm xuat hidn rbed 68 cfic loai cfi Tfl nhitag kinh nghiem nfiy, dfin chfii da sang tao nhttng hinh thfle ddnh bdt nhat dinh nhdm dbn bfit titag dbi tflpng eu the qua cfic thdi vu Mgt s6' pht^cTng t i ^ n d a n h b a t Phflcmg tidn dfinh bat ea song Ld cung tflcmg tfl vdi mpt so' phflcfng tidn mfi ngfldi ddn d viing dong bfing Bde Bp vdn diirtg de danh bdt cae loai ed nfldc ngpt Tuy vay, muc dich sfl dung, ngfl dfin da sang tao mpt so' loai hinh danh bdt mdi hofic eai tid'n phfldng tien de nang eao hidu qua Trfldc tien la he thd'ng thuyen ciia dan chfii sdng Lo, "Dd'i vdi ngfl ddn, thuyen be Id phflong tidn quan trpng bfic nha't, thfim cbi eb vai trb quan trpng hcfn ea chiec cdy, bfla cua ngfldi ndng dfin canh tfic tren dong rudng"(Ngd Dfle Thinh, 2000, tr 27) Khao sdt tai Idng chdi song Ld, cho thay thuyen dflpc chia lam ba loai nhfl sau: Thuyin nan: dfltfc ldm tfl nguyen lieu chinh Id tre, kich thfldc met (ciiieu rpng) V met (chieu ddi), cheo tay hode chay mdy, eb mdi che Kilu thuyen nfiy chii yd'u eua nhflng ngfl ddn tfl vung Thanh Hod hay Nam Dinh di efl len, trfldc dfiy hg dung thuyen nan lam nhd d, v l sau chuyen len vung sdng Lb d nhd be ndn hg cai bie'n thuyin nan thdnh kich thfldc nho hcfn de ldm phflcfng tidn van ehuyen hoac dfinh bdt Thuyin vdn: nguyen lieu chii ye'u Id gd eb mui che mfla, ndng, kieh thudc 1,5 met (chieu rgng) x met (chilu dai), chfeo tay hode ehay may Thuyen vdn eb tuoi thg khbng Ifiu, dl bu mue, dung d l danh bdt d khu vUc gan, khdng di xa hofic di ddi ngfiy duoc Nghiin ciai Ddng Nam A 8/2015 Thuyin nhdm: Dupe ghep lai tfl nhflng manh tdn, cb ddng thudn, kich thfldc 1,2 met (chilu rdng) x - mdt (chilu ddi), phfa mdt trdn hai miii thuyin eb dbng nhitag mid'ng gd ldn, mdt ben ifim tru ddt cheo tay hoae tru ldp ddng cd; mdt ben lam tru ditag dfinh cfi, ben dfldi eb khoang dat thiing dflng cfi vd dung cu ddnh bdt Thuyen nhdm phfin bidt b hai loai: mdt loai dfltfc ghep tfl mid'ng nhdm ddi, eb day bang giiip thuyen gifl dflpc the' on dinh tdi da trdn mat nflde ngfl dan ditag lai danh "bdt; loai khae dflflc ghep tfl nhftng khoanh nhbm hinh ban nguydt theo chidu ngang cua thang thuyen, cb day trbn, Iflc can nfldc it ndn di chuyen rat nhanh trdn mdt nfldc Thuyin nhdm eb dae tinh ben, chde vfi thon ggn nha't ba loai ndn hidn ngfl dan sfl dung bid'n Hien nay, phflong tien tdu thuyin da dfltfc cai tie'n giup cho nang suat lao ddng cao hon, diln lunh lfi nhftiig chiee thuyen cb ddng Cfl, cb gdn mfiy phfit hode dimg them binh dc qui d l soi sfing dfldng di ddnh bdt ban ddm Dii sfl dung phfldng tign ndo thi ye'u t l chi phdi de'n nfing sua't vd san Ifltfng cfi cua ngfl dfin sbng Ld vfin luon lfi nhitag kinh nghidm hay ky thufit dfinh bat Theo quan diem ciia eac bac cao nidn nghe ea song Ld, mud'n lam nghi nfiy, phai dat eac tieu ehi sau: Bid't bcri lpi; Biet chdo thuyin, day thuyin tren sdng, ke ca thae dfl; Phai bid't dbng thuyin vfi thidt kd' thuyen ddnh ed cho thich hflp; P h i i cb chuyen mbn ve cfiu, lfldi, te, ky thufit ldp giap dong bd gifla phflcfng tign vd ngu cu; Phai cb iiilu biet ed bdn ve dien vi hi^n da sd thuyin danh cd deu gan dpng co; Phai bie't kiem soat hfinh ddng vd edng viee cua minh Db la nhttng kie'n thflc cfin ban md Nguyen Thj Tdm - Mdt sdhinh thdc ddnh bdt thuy sdn truyin mdi ngudi dfin chdi diu phai nam dflflc kbi bfldc vfio nghi cfi, dong thdi phai cb trach nhiem truyin lai cho cdi Cac hdnh thuTc danh h^t thiiy s a n truyen thong e u a d^n v a n chai song L6 3.1 Cau Cau lfi mgt nhflng cfich dfinh bdt thuy san truyin thdng eiia ngfl dfin b nhiiu vung Can cfl vdo chd' thuy vfin theo miia, dae tinh cua mbt sd' loai cd mfi dfin chdi trdn sdng Ld dfi che' tao cfic loai eau khfic Kd't qua khao sat tren thflc dia cho thay, nghe cfiu cua dfin chai sbng Lo bao gim cfic loai hinh sau: Cfiu gib, cfiu giam, cfiu gifing, eau didu, cfiu lfi, cdu b'ng thdng 69 gai lihitag kich thfldc nho hfln cdi eau Ngfldi ta cfin efl vao dp rdng hep ciia timg khue sdng de cfiu ca, so Iflflng dfiy nhfinh gdn trdn mdi cfii edu nhieu it khde nhau, thbng thfldng khoang tfl 30 dd'n 80 dfiy Khoang cfich gifla eae day nhfinh la 1,5 met, dp ddi eua mgt dfiy nhanh Id 40em Quy luat tha cfiu dfldc thfle hidn theo nguyen tde: mdt dau dfiy eau dflpc ed' dinh d bd sdng, dau day ebn lai dupc huge vfio mgt hbn dfi gifl chat Tuy vdo loai ea mud'n bat mfi ngfl dfin se Ifla chgn m l i cau vfi thdi gian tha eau tflflng flng Nd'u tha cfiu bdng mli giun d l bat ca chien, cd Idng, cfi hba tbi ngfldi ta tie'n hfinh eau vdo ban ddm Dan chfii bdt ddu tha cfiu vdo khoang 17h30 phiit trd di, - Cdu gid: Day lfi loai hinh cdu cfi cb sfl dd'n khoang gid sdng hdm sau thi thu cdu dung moi eau Tiiy loai cfi va mue dich sfl lai Ngudi ta dimg ludi eau loai nhd vd giun dung md dan chai dp dung nhitag moi eau mli eung lfi loai vfla phai Neu Id cfiu moi phil hpp Ne'u mud'n cfiu cd mfing, cfi Idng, mit hay ehudi chin thi tba cfiu vdo ban cd ciiien, cd cay thi sfl dung mli giun; cau ngfiy Cb t h l tha tfl sfing cho de'n chieu tdi cfi nganh, cfi mdm thi sfl dung moi lfi mbt Trong khoang thdi gian db, ngfldi dan sd' loai qua chin nhu mit, chudi Do ngU dan thudng xuydn di "thfim" moi eau Vdi hlnh sbng Ld thudng dUa vfio cfic kinh nghiem thfle nfiy, ngfldi ta cb the bdt dflflc eac loai nhan bie't cd theo mua de danh bat ndn cfi chien, Ifing, cay, hoa khoang - 7kg; cfi vide tha cfiu cung phai cfin cfl vdo miia nganh, cd tdm khoang - 2kg nflde Ddi vdi cd nganh, ngfldi ta thudng - Cdu nhgy: IDnh thflc dflflc gpi ten dfinh bat vdo miia nudc sdng ldn cao, thdi theo each phan loai moi eau Moi edu sfl diem tfl thang Tu eho de'n thdng 11 Am dung la sdu nhay eb mdu trdng thfldng lich Cbn ne'u cau ede loai khac nhu cfi dn rd ngd hofic nam sfiu nhitag rfinh chien, cfi Ifing, ea cdy thi thdi diem thich khoai lang sdp de'n miia thu hoach Loai htfp nha't bdt dau tfl khoang thfing Chin sfiu ndy thfldng cb mdu trdng, Idch ed bdng kdo ddi dd'n thdng 12 Am lich hang nfim ngbn tay cai Cach che' tao loai eau Cfiu gib dfldc tao tfl nhiiu ludi cdu bd tri citag eb mdt sd' bg phdn gidng nhfl cdu gib, xen ghep diu dfin tren cdi cdu Cdi cdu cua chdng ban nhfl cai edu, day nhanh, Ifldi eau cfiu gib dfldc ldm tfl day gai vd cb t h l chiu vfi dfi bugc mdt dau Diem khfic d chd, eau dfldc sfle nfing vfii ehuc cfin Trdn cdi cau, nhay CO it day nhanh hon Dan chdi sfl ngfldi ta dfit nhitag dfiy nhfinh mde ludi dung phfltfng phap eau nhay trfldng cau, cfic dfiy nhfinh eung dfltfc ldm tfl day hpp bat cd chidn Trfldc day, vdi vide sfl 70 Nghien cdu Ddng Nam A 8/2015 dung eau nhay, ngfldi ta cb t h l bdt dflflc ea chien tfl 25 kg trcf len, vi the thu nhap tfl nghe cdu nhay tflflng ddi cao Thdi gian thieh hflp cho viee sfl dung iiinh thflc cau nhay la vdo khoang gifla thfing Nfim de'n thang Tdm Am lieh Mflc nfldc len eao thufin ldi cho cau nhay lfi tfl 2,5 - 3,5m, dilu ndn ehii y la can tranh nhttng noi long sdng cb cfit, vi cat nhieu se lap mat moi (Xem hinh 1) - Cau gidng: Dfiy Id loai eau mfi danh cfi, ngfldi ta eo' dinh mgt dau vfio bd, cbn ddu giang ngang dbng sbng Cung vi phucfng phfip cau cd nhfl vdy cho ndn ngfldi ta ggi la cdu giang Dieu ddc bidt phflctag phap la ngfldi ta khbng diing mli cfiu Cau gifing dflpc dfinh vfio liie nflde sbng lang vd can trdn sdng Ld, miia nUde dfinh cdu gifing thich hpp Ifi vdo cfic thfing Chap de'n thfing Tu Am lieh, db, thdi dilm td't nhfi't la thfing Ba Vdi muc dieh la cau nhitag eon cfi chien Idn nen cfic bd phfin cua cau nhay cb cfiu tao ldn hdn so vdi eau gib mdc dii mat cde day nhanh it hem Ngfl dan thfldng gdn 15 dfiy nhanh tren mdt day cfii vdi mat lfi 3,5m Nhfl vay dai can thie't ciia cfii cfiu la tren 50m Day nhdnh cb chieu dfii 75 cm Diem khfie biet vdi cfiu gib la ngodi bbn da gifl cud'i day cau, cbn cb mdt cfii dfiy nho bupc dfi de gitt lfldi cfiu gan sdt mat da't Chid'c day nho dfltfc huge d vi tri gifla eac day nhdnh gan ludi cfiu Cfii cfiu phfii lfi loai dfiy chac ehan vfi chiu dflpc sfle ndng ldn hon nhieu so vdi cau gib Lfldi cau sfl dung cau nhay lubn la loai ldn y Vide ehpn ludi cfiu rat quan trpng bdi db thfldng Id loai lfldi ldn, dupe mdi thfit sac NgUdi ta diing cau gidng ehii yd'u de bdt cfic loai ea nhong, ciiidn, quat Cfiu gifing chi diing dl dfinh vdo ban dem Mdi dem ddnh cdu, ngfldi ta sfl dung tfl de'n ddy cfiu Cau giang cb ca'u tao bdi cfii cfiu, day nhdnh, lfldi cau vfi phao Cfii cau vd day nhanh diu dflflc ldm tfl day gai Vdi mue dich cau nhitag lofii cfi to nen cdi cfiu thfldng dfltfc thie't ke ldn d l cb the chiu dflpc sfle ndng cua toan bp day cau Mli cfii cfiu cb tfl 170 dd'n 250 ludi cau tiiy theo dp rdng ciia vi tri danh bdt Khofing cdch gifla hai dfiy nhfinh thbng thfldng dao dbng tfl Cai cau i y Bd songy y y \ Hon da de gifl da cau -1^ ' n, K3 Nguyin Thj Tdm - Mdt sdhinh thdc ddnh bdt thuy sdn truyen thong 71 lfldi fldc chitag 18 - 20 kg D l tien hdnh phflong phap bat cfi bang lfldi cdy can Ngudi dfin sap xep vi tri eac phao theo ngfldi trd Idn mdi eb t h l sfl dung dUpc Ngu thfl tfl 15 ludi cau thi cb mdt phao, cfl dfin dimg mbt chid'c thuyin nhd ddnh ea d nhttng khu vUe nudc sbng lang sbng Thdng phao lai dfit mgt hbn dfi gifl cho ludi cau eb thudng di ddnh ludi cb hai vp ching vd dfla the sat gdn mat day sbng va cfi cb the di ldn, vide phan cdng lao dbng dflbl ludi Mdt ddu ciia day eau dflflc gifl eo' hinh thflc dfinh ludi dUflc chia eu the nhu dinh bdi mpt hbn dfi Idn de cb t h l gifl dflflc sau: dfla eon ldn lam nhiem vu gifl ddu Ifldi thuyen Cfic lu&i cfiu gdn vd Id la sfit di tren bd theo dbng nflde, kbi db dfiy sdng, cfi bcft ngang se hi vfldng vdo cfic ngfldi vp cdm ddu day Ifldi d tren thuyen ludi cau, db nhitag ludi xung quanh tfl tha tfl tfl theo dbng nfldc, tha he't lfldi thi ddng mac vao, ea cfing qufiy tbi cfing bi eae vbng vdo bd Ngudi ching ldm nhiem vu ludi cfiu cdm chat vao than Phuong phfip keo vudt ludi, thu ludi de bat cfi Dl liia cfi ndy CO the bdt dflflc cfi nhong loai tfl 50kg, vdo ludi, ngfldi ta sfl dung cfiy gl hode diing cfi ciiien 35 - 40kg, cfi qufi't 20kg trd xud'ng mdi cheo dap xud'ng mat nudc Phucfng Dfin chfii sdng Ld cung thfldng sfl dung phfip bat cfi bdng ludi cay dflflc tid'n hfinh phfltfng phdp ndy de bdt ea chep khoang ca ban ngfiy vfi ban ddm, nhung nd'u dfinh -10 l^, nhat la vfio miia xufin cfi thfldng di vdo ban dem thi ngfl ddn phai chuan bi theo cap de tim ncfi de trflng den pin bode den dien Ngfl dan cho rdng, phfltfng phdp ddnh lfldi cdy chi cb t h l dfinh 3.2 Bdnh hat bdng lii&i vfio luc nfldc can vfi trong, khoang thdi Lfldi Id ngfl cu dfinh bdt cfi bid'n tai diem tfl thfing Chin Am lich eho de'n thang viing sbng Lo Cdng eu ndy eb the dung de Gidng nfim sau bdt ed vdi nhiiu kich thfldc khfic nhau, nhieu thdi diem khfie nam - Li6ii dd: Loai lfldi nfiy thudng eb ed Mdt so' loai Ifldi ma cfl dfin dfinh cfi trdn Ifi then 3, then va then 9*2' Cfich thfle sbng Ld thfldng sfl dung Id lfldi cay, lfldi da, ddnh bat ciia ed lfldi giong lfldi ngfim, Ta't ea cfic loai lfldi ndy nhitag dia dilm dupc chpn de dfinh cfi lai fruyen thd'ng diu dfltfc dan bang dfiy gai, eb su khdc bidt Ngfl dfin thudng sfl dung sau nfiy ngfldi ta mdi sfl dung ludi sdi eudc loai lfldi de dfinh cfi vdo mua nfldc can hay spi nilon Vdi loai lfldi nay, cb kich ed khac 15 deh 20cm hoae cb the ldn hdn theo ldn eua ludi md bd tri eho htfp ly - Ludi cdy: Chieu dai oia mbt tay lUdi cfiy khoang 80 - 100 m, mat ludi cS then de'n then 5'^', chieu eao eiia lUdi khoang 1,3 m Hfing phao pbia tren vd hdng chi ddt d phia dfldi ifldi Khoang cdch gifla cdc phao dflpc quy dinh bdng mat ludi, mli phao Ifi mpt doan tre dfii 10 - 12 em Vi tri eua phao va chi dflflc dfit ddi xflng vdi Tong trpng Ifltfng cua ehi todn bd tay nen cde loai cd dfinh bat dfltfc cung khdng gidng Dd'i vdi lfldi da then 9, ngu dan thfldng dimg de dfinh bdt cd d nhitag doan sdng sau, nfldc chay manh eb nhiiu ea quy hiem tru ngu Lfldi dfi then dai tfl 40 - 50 m, chilu cao 1,2 - 1,5 m eb dii phao, chi vdi trgng Iflpng khbng qufi nfing de tha ludi, lUdi cb the di la la trdn dfi't Dd'i vdi loai ludi then 3, then thi 72 chieu ddi giam di vfi chieu eao giam xud'ng Khi tha lfldi, mot dau lfldi dfltfc bude vao efinh eay de trbi mpt each tfl theo dong nflde Mbt dau lfldi ndi vdi sdi dfiy dong d tren thuyin bdi di theo lfldi Cfi se bi dinh vdo Ifldi vfi quail vao lfldi Ngfldi ta sfl dung lfldi then de bdt cfi anh vu, cfi hba, ea cay Lfldi then dfltfc sfl dung d nhitag vi tri efinh bdi, nfldc khbng sfiu, de bdt cfi trbi eb trpng Ifltfng khoang - 1^ 3.3 Ddnh bdt hang mgt so ngii cu khdc Bdn eanh nghe cau vd nghe lfldi, b khu vflc sbng Ld dfin chfii cbn van dung va sang tao nhieu dung eu khfic d l danh bdt cfi nhfl xeo, te, vb bd, chfii Nhitag ngfl eu nfiy bieu hien sfl phan cdng Iao dbng gitta cfic thfinh vien mgt gia dinh chuyen ve khai thfic thiiy san Xeo: Xeo gim khung vfi tam lfldi Khung bdng gl hinh chfl Y Xeo eb loai lfi xeo gib, xeo nSi, xio milang, xeo nem, xeo keo Xeo dfltfc dan bdng dfiy gai tflflng dbi map, mat lfldi ed then Chieu rgng mieng xeo la 2,5 - 3m, chieu ddi Id 6,5m Xeo dfltfc sfl dung d l bat cfic loai cfi mflflng, cfi chfiy nhitag loai ea di ngflpc dbng vdo eac thdng Tam, thfing Chin am lich Nhin chung, xeo ehii ye'u diing de bat eae loai cfi nho va cd eb kieh cd trung binh, chi eo xeo gid mdi bdt dflpc ea to Khi sfl dung edng cu xeo d l bat ea, ngfldi ta ud'n eong hai ehan chfl Y cua cbng eu xeo gdn vdi hai gdc tre ldn de ddy xeo tdi phia trfldc khung khbng gam xub'ng biin, ehan chfl Y ti vfio bung ngu dan la dilm dat eua lfle day Tain lfldi eb gieng tren gan theo eanh chfl Y, gilng dudi gdn ehi rat nfing vbng ve phia sau, gifla gilng Nghien cihi Ddng Nam A 8/2015 ddy ndi vdi mdt stfi day thu lfldi Hai tay ngu dan dim xeo xuo'ng khom ngUdi day vl phia trUdc, di mdt doan vfla phai, ngu dfin keo ddy thu ludi vd bUde tdi nang ddu xeo len bdt cfi - C/idi: Chdi lfi mot loai ngfl cu dfltfc sfl dung p h i bid'n d vung sbng Ld Dbi tflpng dfinh bat dUfle chu yd'u Id cfi due, ede loai cfi nganh, ca chep, cfi ehdy, cfi me Chdi eb dang hinh ehbp, kieh thUde mdt Ifldi ciia chfii thfldng ldm d i n g diu tfl dinh dd'n chfin chdi nhflng sd' mdt Ifldi tfing ddn Mdt chai dfltfc dan c5 then Dui chdi Id phan tiii lap theo vbng trbn dfiy vfi dui chfii lfi ncfi chfla ca Dui chdi dan bdng spi cb dp thd ehi lfldi Idn hcfn phdn than chdi Chdi thfldng dflflc trang bi so' Iflflng ehi khd ldn de dam bao mie't gieng ehi sfit day thu chai Do dien tich ddy chfii nho, pham vi bao vay cd hep, ndn chdi chi hoat dpng cb kd't qua d nhttng khu vflc cb cfi tap trung Ne'u ed phan tdn ngfldi ta diing mli tap tnmg ed trfldc qufing chdi Khi quang chdi thi phai tung manh chdi vl phia trfldc de chdi xbe rdng vfi chup xub'ng nflde vay ea d phia Chai thi cb the danh bat efl vdo liic ndo ngdy vfi nam, trfl nhttng Iiic nfldc ldn qufi to Ngofii ra, nhttng ngfldi sfl dung chdi can phai bie't ldn de cb the gd chfii bi mdc dudi sdng -Te: Te lfi ngU cu ddnh bfit ehu ddng vdn dung dl dfinh bdt hai san ven bd, nfli eb dd sdu nho Dfiy Ifi loai ngu cu dupc gia dinh dng Le Trfldng Dung, nhfi bd to 7, phudng Ndng Tie'n du nhfip tfl vung bien Thanh Hba vfio vung sbng Lb Tuydn Quang Dan chdi thfldng dung te vdo mua nude due tfl thdng 10 den thang Am lich, sdu vfla Nguyen Thj Tdm - Mgt sdhinh thde ddnh bdt thdy sdn truyen thdng 73 phai Te ducfc Ifim bfing lfldi cb Mnh dang - Ndn chgch: Chilu dai eua nan chach giong nhu edi tiii, mieng lUdi dUpc cdng khoang 70 em, dUdng kinh midng 18 - 20 bdng hai sdo tre vdt cheo vd ddu sdo cm Ndn thfldng sfl dung d l bat ea chach gdn gub'c de de trflflt trdn nen day Ifinh tren dfldi 1kg, cfi mam, cfi qufi't cd - dfing kich thude eiia te tiiy thube dia hinh, lang Ngudi ta tha ndn vfio thdi diem dp sfiu eua bai, dd'i tUpng khai thae vd tap thang Tu, thang Nfim am lich nUde qudn ngU dfin eiia timg vung Mieng te song ehua len cao, mau sde eiia nflde sdng thfldng rpng tfl 1,2 - 2,2m Khi khai thae te htfi due Nd'u nudc due qua, qua hay dfltfc day ve phia trfldc bang sfle ngudi hofic to qud hofic can qua eung khdng dfinh dUflc bdng thuyen gdn mfiy (te dflflc gan b mui Nan dflflc tha tai cac vi tri gdn bd sdng, thuyin) vd dflflc nhfi'e ldn deu ddn d l tbu quanh cfic rang cay bdng lau vd eb day ed gom tdm, cd Nghe te thfldng bdt dfltfc cfic dinh, dat sat xud'ng dat vd budc dfiy chat loai cfi di ddn: quat, bong vd thu gom vfio cay bdng lau nhiiu loai cfi nho • Dd : La dung cu bdt ca mpt khu Ngofii nhitag ngfl cu dfltfc dan tfl spi gai, vflc nudc ven sdng De cb ebb dfit db, ngUdi dan chdi sdng Lb cbn tao mdt sd' ngfl eu ta qufiy mdt vung nUde (thUdng d efinh bfii) dfinh cfi dfltfc dan bdng tre, nfla Id nhitag sau khdng qua 70 cm bang cbt hoac nan loai eay eb nhilu d Tuydn Quang vd Phu nfla, cb dbng egc tre de gifl eho chde Sau Thg Tfl loai vfit lieu nfiy, ngfl dan da lam db tro hai efla rii dat hai chid'c db vdo day nhieu ngfl cu bdt cfi khfie nhfl cup, Tha db vdo buoi sang thi buoi cliilu tbu ndn chach Id, Chung tdi xin gidi thidu hoach Tuy titag dia diem ma ddi ngdn mbt sb' ngfl eu md ngfl dan tren sdng Ld eiia cot vdy cb the khac Cb the tfl thfldng sfl dung: 18m - 30m hoac ddi hcfn Loai ngfl cu ndy chi eb the sfl dung vdo mua nfldc can - Cup: Ve hinh thflc ben ngofii nhin cup gid'ng nhfl mdt cfii bfiy cfi Ca'u tao gom mdt Ke't l u ^ n cdi ro (dfldng kinh 0,8 - 1,2 m), met (90 cm), mdy ngang, day ngang, dbn gdnh Cup dflpc NgU eu khai thac cd sbng Ld dfi trai qua dfinh nhilu vdo thdng 4, thfing am lieh, nhieu thay doi, tfl nhitag cbng cu tho sfl ngodi ngfl dfin cung sfl dung loai nfiy de nhfl chdi, vb, nan., den nhitag edng eu dflflc dfinh ed quanh ndm vdo nhitag Iiic nfldc ehd' tac cdng phu, dieu luyen hcfn nhfl Cfiu Khi ddnh, met ddt phia dfldi, ro b gifing, cfiu gio, te JJhiJng ngfl cu nfiy bieu phia trdn vfi dfltfc ehdng dd bdi cfic dbn bien sU phan cdng lao ddng gifla cfic thdnh gdnh Cup dfltfc tha chim xud'ng nude va cb vien mpt gia dinh chuyen ve khai hbn dd d phia cd dinh Phan ro cup ebn thac thuy san va gbp phan bii ddp thu cd deo mpt, hai hbn dfi de de sap vd sap nhap cho cfic gia dinb dan chdi vdo thdi thi gifl dflpc cfi Ngfldi ta diing cup chii yd'u diem md ede hinh thflc ddnh bat khfic bdt cfi chdp, trbi, ehdy, due, tre, thi thoar^ khdng dupe hidu qua Hidn xua't hidn bdt dflpc cfi chien, Ifing, dam xanh Ngudi thdm nhieu ngU eu eai tie'n bang spi tong ta ebn eb t h l dinh vi ncfi tha cup bdng sfio hop ke't hpp ac qui vd ddng cfl da Ifim thay tre, hode treo cup trdn sfio tre doi rat nhilu sd Iupng citag nhu chiing loai 74 Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 8/2015 cae ngu cu tren sdng Su thay doi cua mbi tpe hgc, sd 5, tr 60 - 67 trfldng sd'ng, nhitag phflcmg phap danh bat Nguydn HOu Thdng, Nguyin Vdn Tid'n (1982), Vdi net vi sinh hogt kinh ti cda cU ea theo kieu tan thu cua ngfldi da ldm ddn tren sdng Huang (trUdc 1975), Tdi Hdu cho nguon thiiy san hi suy giam nghiem luu tai thu vign ^^dD Ddn tdc hgc, Hfi Npi trpng ^^ee khai thac ca bang nhftng ngfl Nguydn Duy Thi^u (2002), Cpng ddng ngu cu truyin thbng da khbng cbn phfit huy tae ddn a Viet Nam, Nxb Khoa hoc xd hdi, dung vfi hidu qua I n dinh nhfl trfldc ThUc Hd Ngi te' nhitag binh thfle dfinh bat ca truyen Hodng Bd Thinh (2006), Cu ddn vgn dd thong ma dan chai sdng Ld titag che tao tiim ndng vd thdch thOc, Trung tdm nghidn cdu gidi, gia dinh vd mbi trubng dang ngfiy cdng Ifli xa vao qua khfl vd ddn phdt triln (CGFED), Nxb Dai hoc chi ebn dpng lai ky flc eua nhflng ngfl Qud'c gia Hfi Ndi ddn Iao luyen mdt thdiV Ngb Dfle Thinh (2000), Vdn hoa ddn gian cU ddn ven biin in cudn Vdn hda ddn gian Idng ven biin, Nxb Vdn hba dfin toe Trung tdm bao tin vd phfit triln tdi nguydn nubc (Warecod) (2010), Bdo cdo nghiin ciiu CHUTHICH tri thUc dia phuang vi ngudn lgi thuy sdn trin sdng Ndng, xa Dd Vi, huyin Na Hang, Lufli then cb kich thubc mat ludi (khoang tinh Tuyin Quang, Tdi li^u dUpc lOU tai thiT cm), then (khodng cm) vidn ciia Trung tam bdo tin vd phdt triln tdi nguyen nUbc Lu6i then (9 cm), then tUcfng duong 12 cm TAI LIEU THAM KHAO Nguydn Quang Vinh Binh (2008), Nghiin cdu xdy dung mo hinh qudn ly dua vdo cdng dong clio nghi cd quy md nhd tinh Thda Thiin Hui, Ludn an tid'n si Ky thufit, chuyen ngdnh khai thdc thuy san, Trudng Dai hgc Nha Trang Ld Duy Dai (2013), Cu ddn mat niidc d sdng Huang vd ddm p/id Tam Giang - Cdu Hai tinh Thiia Thiin Hue, Nxb Khoa hoc xd hdi, Hd Ngi Nguydn Vdn Khfing vd cgng sU (2014), Ngu cu vd phUdng phdp khai thdc thiiy san d Vigt Nam: khai thac thuy san bang ludi k6o, Tgp chi Nhdn hoc vd Bdo tdng, so' Nguyen Thi Tdm (2014), NhCfng thdch thflc ve ddi song ciia dan thuy cu sdng Lb (Ngliien cdu d khu vuc Thdnh phd Tuydn Quang, tinh Tuydn Quang), Tgp chi Ddn 10 Trung tfim bfio tin vd phdt triln tdi nguydn nUde (Warecod) (2012), Bdo cdo dii dn bdo ton ngudn lgi thdy sdn thdng qua thuc ddy md hlnh cpng ddng dSng qudn l^ tgi khu vUc miin ndi phia Bdc Viit Nam, Tdi lidu dupc luu tai thu vi|n ciia Tnmg tdm bfio tdn vd phdt triln tfii nguydn nUbc 11 John D._Donoghue, General and ethnology, Cam An: A Fishing Village in Central Vietnam Washington, D C: Agency for International Development http^/onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1525/aa.l964.66.6.0 2a00410/pdf 12 Georges Villarem (1905), Pickeries du Tonkin, Nxb Hai Phbng 13 Baird, I.G (1994), Community management of Mekong River resources in Laos Naga, the ICLARM Quarterly, 17(4), pp 10-12 14 Patrick T Evans, Mellissa Marschke Kiran Paudyal (2004), Flood forest, fish and fishing villages Tonle Sap, Cambodia Cambodia, page 1-50