NGHIDN CDUCQ MOT SO Kl THUAT DO LUdNG TRAC NGHIEM KHACH QUAN Trong pham tri i ddnh gid, hoat dpng day ludn gdn vdi v i le hpc Mdi tuong t i e quan trpng nh l t gida dgy v l hpc Id ddnh gia V ly phuong[.]
NGHIDN CDUCQ MOT SO Kl THUAT DO LUdNG TRAC NGHIEM KHACH QUAN Ths BOI HI£N THUC Trudng D^l hpc NgopI ngit - D9I lipc Qutfc gia Hd N$l Trong pham trii ddnh gid, hoat dpng day ludn gdn vdi v i l e hpc Mdi tuong t i e quan trpng n h l t gida dgy v l hpc Id ddnh gia V l y phuong phdp ddnh gid cung dupc coi Id mdt nhCmg v i n d l h i n g d l u m l hd thdng gido due hidn p h l l quan tdm Vi viee d i n h g i l eho phdp chung ta xde dinh dUpc: - Myc tidu gido due dUdc dat ed phii hop hay khdng vd da dgt dUpc d mUc dp ndo Viec gidng dgy cd thdnh cdng hay khdng vd ngUdi hpc cd tiln bp hay khdng Suthdnh cdng cCia ngudi day vd sy tien bd cua ngydi hpc dgt dUpc d mdc dp ndo Viec ddnh gid d l k i t t u l n ngudI hpe ed tiln bd hay khdng l i l n quan d i n vide ddnh gid ket q u i hpe t i p Khoa hpe ludng vd ddnh gid k i t qud gidng dgy, hpc t i p cda hpc sinh, gido v i l n gidp cde nhd qudn If k i l m tra dupc chat tupng sdn pham gido due theo ele tidu ehl ddnh gid khdc vd tU dd cd t h i p h l n ndo khdc phuc dUpc sy thieu hoan chlnh cCia hd thdng tidu chi kiem tra danh gid (KTDG) dang dUpc thyc hidn he thdng gido due eCia ele nha trudng tai Viix Nam Trong phgm vl bai v i l t ndy, chung tdi xin di e l p den vide KTDG thdng qua hinh thUc trac nghiem Thye c h i t cho den nay, d e nhd nghidn eiili v l gido due trdn t h i gidi cung chua dua dupe mdt k h i l nidm thdng nhat ndo v l t r i e nghiem Vt vay, nhung khai niem dupc trinh bdy dUdi day chu yeu mang tfnh c h i t md t l Cd n h i l u loai t r i e nghidm (test) khac tuj^ thude vdo t i l u chi lua chpn d l p h l n loai n h u ndi dung, cdch lam, ca c h l vd ca d u Idm CO sd cho phuong p h I p t r i e n g h i l m Cd t h i phdn thdnh hai logi chfnh: Trie nghidm (test) tam If vd t r i e nghidm g i l o due Trong dd: - Trie nghidm t i m li (Psychology test): ehCi y l u Id de kiem tra tU duy, tiem nang cOa ngudi Trie nghidm giao due (Educational test): mang tinh c h i t tmg dung, n h I m d i n h g i l thuc t l hpc tap cda ngudl hpc Trie nghidm g i l o due Igi dupc p h l n thdnh hai logi la t r i e nghidm t y tuan (TNTL) v l t r i e nghidm khdch quan (TNKQ) Tren thye te, TNTL vd TNKQ d l u 11 phyong tien nham danh gia ket qud gido dye cda ngydi hpe Thuat n g y T N T ^ v a "TNKQ"Id p h i n bidt mang tfnh hinh thd-e D i l u ndy khdng cd nghia td TNTL td khdng khdch quan vd ngupe tgi.Theo Phd DUc Hod" TNTL Id bdi k i l m tra t r u y i n thdng md nhd sU phgm dua mpt h o l e n h i l u ydu d u , ddi td bdi t o l n n h i n thUe ddi hdi ngudi hpe p h l l phdn tich d c yeu d u hole g i l l q u y l t bai todn.Cdn TNKQ td bdi k i l m tra dd nhd sU phgm dua d e mdnh d l vd d e e l u trd Idi khdc ydu d u ngUdi hpc p h i i chpn d i p dn phii hpp" Hai hinh thdc trie nghidm ndy d l u giiip d i n h gid, tUdng dupe k i t qud cCia ngUdi h p c Tuy n h i l n , TNTL v i n It n h i l u mang tfnh ehCi quan vl c h i t lupng eOa bdi t u l u i n n h i l u phy thudc vdo ngudi ddnh gid VI vide phdn bd d i l m sd d i n h g i l bdi t y luan dupc k i l m solt ehii y l u bdi ngudi danh gid Thdm nUa, ydu d u ciia bdi tU ludn ddi hdi ngudl hpc phdi phan tieh, trinh bay dai ddng, du y NgUdi hpc thudng phdi suy nghT vd v i l t ra, hole t u t h i l t ke d u tra Idi vd dien t l b i n g ngdn n g d cua chfnh minh Trong do, vdi TNKQ thf sinh phdi chpn d u trd tdi eho s i n hole v i l t tiep mdt phan c l u trd tdi, hole ghep nhUng cap ddi Hinh thdc thi t r i e nghidm ndy cd the dupc gpi td khdch quan vi ngUdi di da "khod" d i l m tUng d u v l nhung ngudi cham thi b i t kl deu cd the dua k i t q u i gidng hodc cd t h i cham b i n g m I y theo p h l n mem soan sin Hd thdng danh gid b i n g thang d i l m mang tinh khdch quan, khdng phy thupc va y mudn ehCi quan eCia ngudi ddnh gid Cu the Id TNKQ budc ngUdi hpe phdi lua chpn d u trd Idi phii hpp nhat sd cae c l u trd tdi cho s i n Cdu trd Idi thudng n g I n gpn, ngUdi hpc chl d n dpc vd suy nghT Chat lupng eCia bdi trie nghiem phy thupc chO y l u vdo ngudi x l y dung bdi t r i e nghidm Vide p h l n bd diem sd dupe q u y l t djnh chinh bdi thi t r i e nghidm Thuc so vdi TNTL, TNKQ mang d i n n h i l u thudn toi hon vl thdi gian n h l t djnh, ed t h i k i l m tra dupc mdt tupng Idn thdng tin ddi vdi ngudi hpe Ngudi hpc thudng hUng thii qud trinh Idm bdi kiem tra trie nghidm Hinh thdc kiem tra cd the kiem tra mdt each toan didn ddi vdi ngudi hpe tao sy khdch quan hod q u i trinh kiem tra danh gid Chfnh vl nhCmg uu d i l m trdn, ndn hinh thdc thi, kiem tra TNKQ dupe sU dyng khd phd bien hd thdng gido due cda n h i l u qudc gia trdn SJfaO-THJlNG 5/2012*29 C Q NGHl£NCaUt h l gidi nude ta, khdi nidm "TNKQ" da dUpe di dung, myc dfch ddnh gil vd phdi nim vCmg kTthu^ elp din tu nhdng nim 80 t h i kl XX, song phll tdi xly dyng tdng loai trie nghilm, ddng thdi d n ehii nhdng ndm 90, TNKQ mdi bit dlu dupc quan tim, trpng mOt sd ylu clu co bdn sau: Md t l tdng quit: thddng Id mdt ldi phlt tim hilu VI hinh thdc: hidn cd khodng dgng clu bilu ngIn, tdm t i t linh vyc tydng, ddnh gid; Clu trie nghidm mlu: diing di minh hoa; hdi TNKQ thudng dUpc sd dung d l soan thdo clu Cdc thupc tfnh kich thfch: Id ydu elu cin hdi cho d c d l kilm tra v l d l thi h§ thdng cde tuln theo d l xly dyng clu hdi trie nghilm; trudng phd thdng Dd Id cde dang: Cdc thupc tfnh ddp Cmg: t l d c quy tic Trie nghidm dung - sai (Yes or No); sogn cdc elu trd tdi cho d u trie nghidm Trie nghilm lya chpn (Multiple Choice); Trin dly Id nhCmg edn cd co sd, thilt ylu nhlt - Trie nghidm diln vdo d trdng /Trie nghidm di cd t h i sogn dypc nhCmg bll trie nghidm chit diln khuylt (Answer Short / Completion); Trie nghidm ddi chilu c|p ddi (Matching); lypng vd hi§u qud Bin canh dd, d l ddm bio tinh chuIn xdc vd chit lypng cda bll TNKQ nhd sy phgm - Trie nghidm md hinh (Picture) Ki thu^t xly dimg bdi TNKQ cung II mpt d n hit sdc chu)/ din ba ylu t6:66 phdn bidt di nhiing tilu ehl hit syc quan trpng d l cd dypc gil trj v l dfy tin cly qud trinh sogn thdo Ddy nhCrng sin phlm bll kilm tra, bdi thi dat chit lypng Id ba dgi Idpng mang tfnh die trUng nhlt qud v l mang tinh Ung dyng cao Tuy nhiln, d Vi^t Nam, trinh phln tlch v l ddnh gid Thd nhlt Id dp phdn bidt hay edn gpi Id dO khd vide sd dung TT^KQ KTDG chUa dupe phd biln rdng rai vd hi^u qui Id chua nim dUpc kT thu^t hay dp d l cua bll TNKQ BdlTNKQ phdi cd khd ndng xly dyng trie nghilm Trong dd, di ed mdt bd phdn bidt dUpc ngUdi hpe gidi, khd, trung binh hay trie nghilm dat ehuIn vd cd chit lupng tgl d n rlt kim theo myc dfch di ra.Nlu thyc hidn dypc khd ndng phln logi rd rdng ndy thi bdi TNKQ dat dUpc nhilu thdi gian vd cdng sdc sogn thdo Hidn d nyde ta dang Ip dyng hai cdch tilp dd phln bidt Hay di elp din dO khd eua bdi eIn xly dyng bdi trie nghidm Od Id xly dung trie nghidm ta ciing phll xlt xem bll TNKQ dd khd bdi "trie nghiem theo chuIn" (Worm - Referenced vdi ddi tupng ndo, khd ITnh vUc gi, mdn hoc Test) d l tao cdng cy lUdng nhdm so sdnh kit ndo di ludng dUpc dp khd vd td dd xdc dmh qui hpe tap cua mSl d nhdn mdt t i p t h i dupe ti Id phan trdm sd ngudl trd tdi dung hodc sai ciing tham gia dy thi mpt bdi trie nghilm Logi trie bdi trie nghidm Thd hai 11 dp gid tri cua bdi TNKQ (Validity): nghidm nly edn cho bilt vi tri cda ngudi hpe phdn bd dilm sd vd cd t h i so sdnh vdl ngudl hpc Dp gid trj cda bdi TNKQ d l elp din tfnh hilu qui khIc nhdm ehuIn myc Ndi dung eiia bdi trie vide dgt dupe nhdng muc dfch xde dinh cua nghidm theo chuIn mang ndi dung cCia mdn hpc bdi trie nghidm.Trong dd, dd gil tri ndi dung dUpc ddnh gid quan trpng nhlt, dgt mdc dd bao triim bdi hay chuong trinh hpe eOa mdn hpe eho trudc Cdch tilp cdn thd hai xly dyng bdi trie hpe mdn hpc Di dgt dypc gil trj v l mdt ndi dung, nghidm td:"trlc nghilm tilu chf" - (Criterion cie d u hdi bii TNKQ phll II mdu tilu bilu, Referenced Test) theo WJ Popham cdch xdy dyng khdi qudt cho tdng t h i kiln thde ddp dng dupc bdi trie nghidm nly "cho phIp gidi thfch thdnh tfch muc tilu cCia chuong trinh Ngoll ra, dUa tien cd cCia ngudl hpe dupe khdo sdt lidn quan din mOt t i p sd ehuyin mdn hay phln tfch elu true Idgie dn hpp cle ning da dUpc xdc djnh rd rdng" Logi ed ele khIl nilm v l dd gid tri quylt djnh, dd gil trj trie nghidm ndy II dl:"xdc djnh rd dupc kit qui so chuong trinh, dp gil trj b l mIt hay dp gid tri thirc sdnh mUc dO thdnh thao eCia ngudi hpc ddi vdl todn nghidm, dp gil trj ddng thdi, dd gil trj tidn doan bd kiln thdc hay kT ning md bdi trie nghidm ydu nhIm muc dfch dinh hudng, xac dinh rd chuIn d u gin liln vdi nhUng myc tilu ehuyin bidt cCia ddnh gid cua ngUd^ hpc di XU dd diiu ehinh hogt chuong trinh hpc Logi trie nghidm ndy hay dupc ddng dgy hpe MOt nhtirng phuong phap xde sddyng d l ddnh gid kit qui hpe t i p cCia mdt mdn djnh dO gil tr| cCia kl thi la tfnh xem kit qud eua kl thi dd trin mdt nhdm hpe sinh ed tuong quan chit hpc liay mdt chuong trinh huSn tuydn" CIn cU vdo hat deh tilp cin trdn, d l thilt k l che vdi kit qud hpe t i p d ble cao hon cOa nhdm duac mdt d l trie nghidm chit lUpng, trudc hit nhd hpc sinh dd hay khdng su pham d n d n cCr vdo ddi tupng dinh gid, nOI Thd ba la ddnh gil dp tin cay dupe lUdng 30