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GlAODUC NV6C NGOAl KHAI QUAT VE CAC XU HlTdNG CAI CACH GIAO DUC TIEU BIEU TREn THE QIOI M6I frudng gido dye hi hai thdp kl cudi eung cuo fh l ki XK cho den thdp kl ddu Hen cOo th i ki XXI dd thoy ddi[.]
G l A O D U C NV6C NGOAl KHAI QUAT VE CAC XU HlTdNG CAI CACH GIAO DUC TIEU BIEU TREn THE QIOI Q ThS H A T H ! THU TRANG* 6I frudng gido dye hi hai thdp kl cudi eung cuo f h l ki XK cho den thdp kl ddu Hen cOo t h i ki XXI dd thoy ddi mft cdch nhanh chdng bdi tdc dqng cuo Idn sdng edi edeh gido dye (CCGD) vd xu hudng fdl edu true nhd frudng khdng chi d cdc nude phuong Tdy nhu Canada, Mr, Anh, Diic, Phdp md d ed cdc qude gia vd vung Idnh thd frong khu vyc chdu A - Thdl Binh Duong nhu Ausfrolio, New Zealand, Singapore, Malaysia, Hdng Kong Bdi vilt ndy gidl thifu ba xu hudng CCGD HSu bilu dd b m thoy ddl todn dien nin gido dye f h l gidi ddng thdi dnh hudng mqnh me den hf thd'ng gido dye Vift Nam: 1) Cdl cdch bin h-ong (Internal Improvement); 2) Cdl cdch lodn diin (Interface Improvement); 3) Cdl cdch hudng de'n luang lai (future Improvement) Sd dr ed t h i nhdn difn duqc ede frdo luu cdi edeh (CC) Id dya vdo hai cdn eii: I) Mdi frdo luu deu ed rieng mft hf thd'ng quon niem v l bdn ehd't gido dye, bdn chd't cuo cdng tac Idnh dqo vd xdy dyng ede chiln luqe, sdng kiln nhdm edi thien mdi frudng gido dye d edp d f hf thd'ng, edp nhd hvdng vd edp d f qudn li; 2) Cdc Idn sdng CCGD sou hinh thdnh deu duo den nhCrng dnh hudng trye Hip vd hie thdl d i n qud frinh hqc tdp, gidng dqy vd qudn li frong nhd hvdng M nhd hvdng hodn todn bj d f t dudi sy d i l u khiln cuo cde eo quon qudn li cd'p frSn nSn cd rd't it quyin h/ chO Ddc biff, bdn chd't eua qud frinh gido dye d glal doqn ndy duqe auan nifm mft edeh don gidn Id qud frinh truyin bd fri thuc cuo gido vifn, bdn chdt cOa vifc hqc Id hqe sinh (HS) trnh h f l fri fhCre, kT ndng, cdc gid frj vdn hod hi gido vISn vd chuong frinh hqe Cde CC eho y l u hudng din cdi ihlfn cdc aud frinh hqc tdp, gidng dqy vd qudn li, ddng fndl ndng coo hifu qud fhyc hlfn ede myc HSu gido dye vd chuong frinh ed sdn Glal doqn ndy ed rdt nhieu sdng kiln gido dye ro ddi nhung diu tdp hvng vdo cdc mdng hoqt dfng eo bdn cOa nhd hvdng nhu: phuong thue qudn li, fhilt k l chuong frinh, phuong phdp gidng dqy, chd't luqng gido vifn Hip cdn thang ddnh gid, huy dfng ngudn lye vd xdy dyng mdi frudng gido dye Ken eye Cung theo frdo luu CC n f l bd, chiic ndng ehu y l u cOa nhd trudng duqe xdc dinh Id fruyin thy cdc fri thi/c, kr ndng vd gid frj vdn hod Kr gido vISn vd chuong frinh hqc den HS frong mft mfl frudng xd hdi hAang dd'l dn djnh Hifu qud hoqt dqng cOa nhd hvdng Id hifu qud cuo cde qud frinh bfn frong duqe bdng miic d f hodn thdnh cdc myc Heu dd djnh sdn Vdl myc Heu trung fdm Id tqo ngudn nhdn lyc Cdi cdcn b f n frong (Internal Improve- thi sy cqnh franh giCro cde frudng hqe ed phdn hqn e h l vd bj dilu khiln ehu y l u bdi bd mdy ment) Tu nhifrig ndm 80 cuo t h i kl XX, frdo luu xdy qudn li quan lifu Myc HSu fri sy dn djnh, dyng nhd trudng hifu qud dd phdt friln mft edeh b i n vifrig cOo nhd hvdng khdng Id dilu ddng mqnh me O thdi dilm dd, mdi frudng gido dye phdi quan tam dd'l vdl Idnh dqo nhd frudng frong ludn Hem dn nhilu y l u to cuo sy thieu chde ehdn mdt mdi frudng it biln dfng nhu vdy Chiln luqe vd ft tinh cqnh franh, vi vqy, khd ndng dy bdo phdt frien nhd hvdng fhyc chdt Id «Chlin luqe cung nhu tinh dn djnh cuo hf tho'ng gido dye khdng duqc ddm bdo Myc dich chu y l u cuo gido dye b cung edp ngudn nhdn lye phye vy eho n i n edng nghifp Bdi vqy, ndi dung gido dye bj chi phd'i bdi ke hoqch vd yeu edu ve nhdn sy qud frinh edng nghifp hod ddt ro Qudn li •TiWJnWIiKKpMiWH^i Tap chi Glao due so (fa i »/aom nhdn mqnh vdo vlfe cdl ihiSn phuong phdp gidng dqy, hqe tdp vd qudn li d i hodn ihdnh cde myc HSu gido dye Cde chiln luqe phdt friln duqe d l xudt thudng ed tdm nhin ngdn vd bj dp ddt bdi cdc nguySn tdc quan liSu dTdn sdng CC thii nhd't, vol trd Idnh dqo nhd trudng thudng tdp frung Idm tdng hifu qud gido dye thdng qua vifc cdl thifn cdc hoqt odng ndl ehung vd ddl mdi n f l dung, phuong phdp dqy vd hqe ndl rISng Theo dd, d l ndng cao ehdf luqng gido dye, cdn gidl quylt cde vdn d l nhu: xdy dyng cde phuong phdp mdi d l chuyin fdl ndl dung chuong trinh, cdl thifn cde dilu kifn dqy vd hqe nhdm ddm bdo hifu qud cOo qud frinn chuyin fdl kiln thiic; «chudn hod" d f l ngu gido viSn djnh ki; fhoy ddl hinh thirc vd n f l dung ede bdi thi d l ddnh gid ehinh xdc sy Hen bq thye sy cuo HS, su dyng vd qudn li hifu qud cdc ngudn ngdn sdch duqe phdn bd Nhu vfy, d l ddng nhdn thdy, xu hudng cdl td nfl bf tdn tai nhilu hqn ehl Cde CC thude frdo luu ndy ehl di sdu vdo vifc Hm kilm gidl phdp d l cdi thifn hoqt dfng qudn li vd ldp k l hoqcn phdf friln md chuo tinh d i n nhung tdc d f n g dqng, phiie tqp eOo mdi trudng bSn ngodi eOng nhu nhiing yfu cdu mdi cuo xd hqi duo den eho nin gido dye M f t khde, cdc CC qud ehu trqng din ddi mdi phuong phdp gido dye eua ngudi dqy md chua quon fdm phdf huy tinh sdng tao vd nhifrig film ndng phdt friln cOo HS Vi vqy, cdc CCGD hodn todn ehua Idm thod mdn nhifrig nhu cdu vd mong dql ngdy edng tdng cuo HS vd phy huynh, cOo nhi/ng ngudi hoqch djnh chfnh sdch vd cuo xd h f l CC todn d i f n (Interface Improvement) Trong nhifrig ndm 90 cua the ki XX, ede CCGD hudng vdo qud frinh cdi td bfn frong bdt ddu bm xud't hifn nhirng lo Idng v l Knh h/ chiu frdch nhifm vd chd't luqng gido dye ngdy cdng dl xud'ng Tuy nhiSn, chinh thye frqng dm dqm cuo nin gido dye sou Idn sdng CC thii nhd't dd khoi ngudn eho ldn sdng CC thu' hoi vdl frqng tam Id ddm bdo ehd't luqng gido dye vd tinh h/ chju frdch nhifm cOo nhd hvdng d l ddp iing td'l mong dql cuo khdeh hdng Theo xu hudng fhii hai, gido dye duqc xem nhu mft dieh vy ndy sinh vd tdn tqi frong mdi frudng thuong mqi, edn bdn chd't vlfe hqc Id qud frinh Hip nhdn djch vy gido dye nhd trudng cung cd'p Bdi vfy, khd ndng thod mdn mong dql vd nhu edu eOo khdeh hdng - phy huynh, nhd Tap ehi Glao due so (ki i »/aoia) hjyln dyng hoy HS - Id HSu chudn de ddnh gid ehd't luqng gido dye Cdc CCGD ehu frqng Sin viee Idm the ndo d l mong Iql hieu qud cho ed nhd frudng vd cfng dong, cy f h l Id mong Iqi sy thod mdn ddi vdi khdeh hdng, ddng thdi, Idm tdng finh cqnh franh vd h/ chju frdch nhifm cua nhd frudng Mqt frong nhCfrig nguyen nhdn quon frqng nhdt ddn d i n Idn sdng CC thu hoi chinh Id mdi hvdng gido dye ngdy cdng frd nSn thieu d'n djnh vd thoy ddl nhanh chdng vdl nhCrng rOl ro ludn tilm dn cOng sy cqnh franh gay gdt Co cd'u vd nql dung gido dye duqc dilu ehinh chu yeu d l phu hqp vdl sy fhoy ddi cuo nhu edu xd n f l vd ede mong dql dqng cuo khdeh hdng eOng nhu nhifrig thdch thue hi ben ngodi Tu dd, md hinh qudn li dya vdo nhd frudng duqe dp dyng vdl sy thom gia cuo Idnh dqo nhd trudng, phy huynh, cdng ddng xd hqi vd HS, sinh vISn Nhd hvdng duqe frao quyin h/ chO mft gidi hqn nhd't djnh dudi quyin kilm sodt eua cde eo quon qudn li cd'p frfn Cdc frudng phdi cqnh franh frong vlfe Hm kilm ngudn lye d l tdn tai frong mft mdi frudng md ddy rui ro, biln ddl D l fhyc hlfn duqc sir mfnh vd ehue ndng mdi d'y, cdc nhd trudng quan tam d i n viee xdy dyng i-chiin luqe phdt trien phii hqp" nhu Id mqt frong nhirng nhdn to quylt djnh din sy tdn vong cuo minh Vi vqy, ddy eung Id mft frong nhCfrig ddc frung eo bdn cuo xu hudng CC todn dien Cdc chiln luqe phdt frien gido aye chO yeu dyo vdo quy Iudt cung cdu khdeh quon thdng qua vlfe ddnh gid uu, nhuqe dilm cung nhu eo h f l vd thdch fhiie frong bdi cdnh kinh t l x d hqi ndl chung vd thj frudng gido dye ndl riSng nhdm hao ro nhifrig uu t h i vuqt trdi d l Hm kilm cdc ngudn lye, hoy Idm thda mdn cde khdeh hdng, ddng thdi, gidm td'l gid thdnh cuo cdc djch vy gido dye Cdc ehlln luqe gido dye thudng ngdn hqn d l thfch ung td't hon vd kip fhdl hon vdl nhifrig thoy ddl nhanh chdng cOo xd hqi Khi ehlln luqe phdt friln nhd frudng fhoy ddl, ta't y l u keo theo sy thay ddi vol frd eua Idnh dqo nhd frudng Tuy nhiSn, dO Id rd rdng hoy Hem dn, vol frd cuo Idnh dqo nhd hvdng d i u hudng d i n cam klf fhyc hlfn frdch nhiem hvdc cdng ddng, tdng cudng chd't luqng eung nhu cdc hoqt ddng qudng bd djch vy gido dye bSn cqnh vifc ddm bdo qud trinh dqy hqc vd gido dye ddp ling mong dql cuo khdcn hdng Nhu vdy, nhifm vy cua hifu trudng Id phdi gidi quyet td't cde mdu ... CCGD hudng vdo qud frinh cdi td bfn frong bdt ddu bm xud''t hifn nhirng lo Idng v l Knh h/ chiu frdch nhifm vd chd''t luqng gido dye ngdy cdng dl xud''ng Tuy nhiSn, chinh thye frqng dm dqm cuo nin... cuo HS, su dyng vd qudn li hifu qud cdc ngudn ngdn sdch duqe phdn bd Nhu vfy, d l ddng nhdn thdy, xu hudng cdl td nfl bf tdn tai nhilu hqn ehl Cde CC thude frdo luu ndy ehl di sdu vdo vifc Hm kilm... dqy, hqe tdp vd qudn li d i hodn ihdnh cde myc HSu gido dye Cde chiln luqe phdt friln duqe d l xudt thudng ed tdm nhin ngdn vd bj dp ddt bdi cdc nguySn tdc quan liSu dTdn sdng CC thii nhd''t,