MOT Sfi DIlN PDAP NANG GAD CHliT lOONG DAY NOC TIN HHC v TRinrne sfli HOC TOI neoven UH liifii iRinrnG HJI nOi ThS N G U Y I N N G O C KHAI* Thue tiln giang day Tin hpc cho sinh vidn (SV) eie nginh Ki[.]
MOT Sfi DIlN PDAP NANG GAD CHliT lOONG DAY NOC TIN HHC v TRinrne sfli HOC TOI neoven UH liifii iRinrnG HJI nOi ThS N G U Y I N N G O C KHAI* T hue tiln giang day Tin hpc cho sinh vidn (SV) 1) Xiy dung muc tieu BT Muc tidu OT phai eie nginh: Kinli te'Tii nguyen vi Mdi tn/dng dupc xay dung trdn eo sddip ung mge dieh OT cua (TN&MT), Khi tugng hgc, Cdng nghe kl mdt chuong trinh cg the; MgetiduOT phai dam bao thuat mdi trudng, Ouan li di't dai cung vdi q u i tinh kha thi, tinh thue tiln, tinh vda sde, ttieo trid't li giio trinh tham gia xiy dung chuang trinh, bidn soan dge: vi sullen bd eua ngudi hgc Ca hal ehu t h i cua d l cuong, bil giang Tin bpc cho cac nganh nay, qua trinh DH (ngudi day va ngudi hpc) dlu phai lua chiinp tdi nhpn thi'y vi^c day v i hpc Tin hpc can cd ehpn cie phuang phap v i phuongtidnDHttiichhpp suddl mdi toin dipn de dat dupc mue tidu DH M$t sdbien phip nang eao chat lupng day hpc Vipc xiy dung mge tidu day hpc v i to' ehdc cie (DH) Tin hpe dTmdng Dpi hpe TN&MT H i Npi boat dpng DH thuc hien mgc tidu, thuc chit l i DH Xay dung chuang trinh dao tao (OT) theo tidp can muc tieu (cdn gpi la tilp can hanh vi) 1) Chuang trinh dio tao (CTBT) phai duqc Oilu dd cd nghTa l i , sau kit thue mdt tiii hpc (mdt xiy dung tren ca sd chuan dau Trong qui chuang, mqt phan hay ea chuong trinh mdn hqc), ttinh xiy dgng CTOT, ehung tdi ludn bim sit chui'n ngudi hpe phai dat dupc nhung muc dp xic djnh cavl dlu eua chuong trinh Chui'n dlu cua CTOT nhin thde, kTning v i thii dp Cac mge tieu niy edttie mang tinh die tmng cho tung nganh, tdng ITnh vuc dupe sudgng lam tieu chide danh gii ket qua hpc tap OT, dupe eg the bing hp thd'ng cic m gctiduOT cua ngudi hpc mdt cich tudng minh 2) Cai tien ndi dung CTBT Tmdng Oai hpe 2) Xiy dung de cuang chi tiet mdn hgc phii TN&MT H i Nqi,ttidilupng danh eho mdn Tin hqc h/ong hgp vdi tung nganh BT Thdng thudng cac duong vdi khoang don vj hpc trinh Vdi thdi k/png nhu CTOT (cung hp) ciia mdt tmdng dpi hpc da nginh, viy, nd'u khdngttiaydd'i chuong trinh cho phu hpp ttii da linh vue, thi d l cuong chl tilt cie mdn hpc Tin hpc khdedttilttigc hipn dupcmgc tidu OT (die blet lamge dupe xiy dung gid'ng Oiy l i mpt dilu bat cap, Hdu gkip n^udi hpc van dgng dupc kiln ttiuc Tin hoc bdi vi mdi nginh, mdi ITnh vuc OT phai ed mge dich vaottigctidnedng vide) Vi viy, cin manh dan cit bd khic nhau, mge tidu khie va ttidi lupng ttiue ho$c giam tai cac npi dung khdng phubpp.Cbinghan, bidn chuong trinh Tin hpe eung khdng gidng cie npi dung da dupc hpc chuang trinh tmng hpc Oe xiy dung dupc mdt d l cuong ehi tilt ed hidu phlttidng (nhu kiln thde v l bddllu hinh, kiln thuc v l qua, sit vdi thue te tdng nginh ngbl, chung tdl da ttidngtin,hp dim ) Bdn epnh do, nhung ndi dung v l thudng xuyen to ehdc cic cudc hdittiaochuydn de v l 1^ttinhning eao it ttiilt ttigc (cie ttiao tie vdi ttd OT va umg dgng Tin hpc cac nginh ngbl Qua bong ngdn ngdiap trinh C, bay eie ttiuit toin sip x ^ , dd, chung tdl thu nhin dupe cac y kiln ddng gdp tiJr tim kilm, ) cung cin dupc luqc bo dettiayttievio dd eie chuydn gia cic linh vuc niy Ngoii ra, ttong nhung npi dung cd y nghTa hon thinh phan tham gia xiy dung d l cuong ehitietmdn Tin hgc cho eie nginh, cic linh vue ein ed su ttiam Xay dung de cuong chi tiet mon hpc Xiy dgng d l cuong chltidtmdn hpc la mdt gia Clia cie ehuyen gia eie llnh vuc khic Cac cac ylu tittpng tim Clia qua trinh OT Vide xiy dung chuydn gia niy khdng ehi eung tham gia xiy dung, d l cuong chittetvdi npi dung phu hqrp, bdegc togic, ma edn ddng gdp y kiln va phan bidn cho d l cuong phin bd'ttidi gian hpp li l i mpt cdng vipc quan trpng mdn hpc Mat khae, de dam bao tinh ke ttida, ttinh didam bao chi't lupng OT Vi viy, de cuong^ chi ti^ vide tning lap cua mdt CTOT, eung phai tim hie'u eie mdn Tinhgccan dupe xiy dung mdt each can ttiin, CTOT eua eac chuydn nginh khie cdng phu v i khoa hpc; d l cuong chi ttdf niy cung phai dupc xet duypt kT tmdc dua vao ttiuc hidn (ki 1-1/2013)- ' TraOiig Bai hoc Tai a p y i a «a Moi titfOig Na Nfi Tap ehi Gido due so 301 Nang cao ning lire chuyen mon va nghiep ed y nghTa gin lien vdi thuc te cic nganh, eac linh vgc vu cho dpi ngu GV mdn Tin hpc SV dang ttieo hqc) Qua dd, SV se hie'u van d l mdt 1) Xay dung ke hoach bdi dudng vi tu bdi cich sau sic ban v i chu ddng ban vide thu dudng choGV Tin hgc kien thuc vecac linh vuc, nhin kienttidc.Oe lim phong phu hon cie vi du, bil chuyen nganh Or.Oe nang eao chit lupng DH Tin tap, GV eung ed the ydu eau SV tu nghien edu, de hpe eho cie SV eua eae nganh nghe khie, ngoai vlec xuat cac vidg, bai tap thude chuydn nganh minh dang phai nim vung kien thde ve Tin hpc, G V edn can phai theo hqc cd van dung kidnttidcTin hqc vao giai quylt ed ehuyen mdn v l cie ITnh vuc dd Tuy nhidn, phan 2) Ren luyen kha nang tuhgc, tu nghien cuu Idn eie GV day Tin hpc chi dupe OT theo chuyen cho ngudi hgc Khdng gidng nhu bac hqc phd'thdng, nginh Tin hpc Chinh vi vay, qui trinh giang d bae dpi hpc, SV da hoan thidn kha nang tu cua day, G V thudng chi tmyen thg kiln thde thuin ve minh,da dupcttangbjcac kilnttilie CO sd,edkhaning Tin hqe ma ttiilu kha nang phin tich, ap dgng kiln tu phin tich nhat djnh Vi viy, GV can ehii y ren ttidc Tin hoc vio chuydn nginh ma SV dang theo luyen eho SV kT ning tu hpc, tu nghldn cdu v i kT ning hqc.Oiy limpttrong nhung nguydn nhin quan trpng giai quyet cic van de gap phai hpc tap v i ddi din dd'ntinhtrang SV ehua thue sged nhu eau, humg sdng Trong qui trinh DH,tieh cue gplmdvi'nde, djnh thu nghidn edu Tin hpe v i eung khdng cd nhung dinh hudng cho SV h/nghien cuu day cho ngudihgeeich hudng eho vide ung dgng Tin hpe cdng vide /70cma khdng di vao chi tilt nhu dphd'thdng tuong lai Nd'u khdng thay dd'itinhtrang niy, sau 3) Thuc hien phuang chim BT "Gin lithuyet SV tdt nghidp tmdng se gap phai nhilu khd khan vdi thuc hinh".y'\ec giang day thuc hinh Tin hpc cdng vide khdng nhung nhim ning cao kTnang thgc hanh ciia Oegiaiquylt vi'n d l trdn,GVcan cdyttidc nghidn SV maedn giup hpehuddng ITnh hdi kilnttide Clia bil cdu thudng xuydn, tu bd' sung kiln thde co ban eua hpe, ehu ddng phan tich ap dung eie kiln thde da eie nginh, cic Ifnh vuc dupc phin cdng ^lang day dupe hpc vao tdng tinh hud'ng eg the Vi vay, chuang v l mat td'chdc, nhi tmdng tao dilu kidn dd GV dupe trinh Tin hpe ehung tdl xiy dung da ting thdl lupng tham gia eie bud'i hpl thao, tham gia cic khda hpe thuc hanh, thuc tap de giup SV nang cao kTning tliuc ngin ban v l cic ITnh vuc, cac nganh ngbl ma nha hanh, kT ning td'chdc thue hien edng vide thgc tmdng dang OT Ben canh dd, tao dilu klen de G V tidn edng tie Tin hpc edttie tham gia eie duin, d l til nghien cdu 4} Tdchuc cho SV thuc hien cac chuyen de khoa hpe ttiupc cac Iinh vuc khae Oilu dd ed theo nhdm vdi eac bai tip Tin hpe phde tap ban, can nghTa l i , GV mdn Tin hgcse cd dupc kiln thuc rpng phai sudung nhieumang kilnttiuc,vdi nhilu cdng doan ban,ttigctlhon cic linh vgc chuyen mdn khie khae nhau, cd lien quan din eae nganh ngblttigctl Od l i CO sdquan trpng d i n i n g cao chat luong DH Trong qua trinli thue hidn eae chuydn d l va cie 2) Xay dung ke hogch bdi dudng vi tu bdl bai tip Idn, GV djnh hudng cho SV chu dpng thu thap, duang cho G V Tin hgc kie'n thuc ve Li luan DH vatim kid'm eie tai lieu tham khao, vilt bio cio va trinh phuang phap day hgc (PPDH) bdmdn Oe ning biy bao cao dudi suhudng din eua G V Sau eae bull cao chat h/png DH, ngoai eie kidn thde v l chuydn bao cao, SV se sua lal bao cio theo gdp y eiia cie mdn, GV eung ein phai dupc OT mdt each nghiem vidn Idp va ciia GV roi tap hpp lai tue v l Li luan DHva PPDH Tuy nhidn, nhdng kiln eae tai lieu huu ich sau tmdng hoac eho cac thue niy cung ehi dap dng dupc cic ydu eau co ban khda sau ttiam khao Oe ning eao chit lupng OT, nhung nim gan Vide to' ehdc DH nhu trdn mang lal nhieu Ipi ich diy, nhi tmdng d i thudng xuydn lidn kit vdi cie eo thietttiuc:giup SV bd'sung va nang cao nhleu kTning sdOT de mdcic Idp ning cao ning luc cho G V v l Li (thu ttiap va xu li thdng tin, thuyd't trinh, giao tilp, lam luin DHya PPDH hien dai vide theo nhdm, nang eao kha nang tugiai quylt vi'n Od'i moi ve npi dung DH, PPDH va lira ehpn dl ) Oiy la nhung kT ning mIm hit sue can thilt, phuang tien DH hieu qua nham phat huy tinh giup SVttianhedng hon cac cong vide sau b'ch cue, chu dpng va sing tao ciia ngudi hpc 5) Sudung cac thiet bj vaphan mem DH hieu 1) Ngi dung day hgc Tin hgc gin lien vditung qui Khi sddgng ttiilt bj v i cac phan mem DH, can nganh ngheBT GV day Tin hpe khdng chi giang li tuin ttieo nguyen tie: Si/lua chgn phai can edvio ttiuyet Tin hqc ttiuan tuy, ma can kd't hop vdi eae bai muc tieu day hgc, phai phu hgp vdi ddj tugng ngudi tip, cic vi dg {dUdc ehpn lpc, mang tinh dien hinh va hgc vi ndidung DH llu khdng ebi giup tigt kiem 58 Tap ehi Gide due so 301 (kil-1/2013) ttidi gian cho ca ngudi day v i ngudi hpe, m i cdn lam thu ttiap v i xu li thdng tin, kT ning tinh toan, kT ning sinh dpng bai hpc, tao dupe hdng ttiu hpe tip cho phin tich, td'ng hap ) • ngudi hpc Tii lieu tham khao Od'i mdi khau kid'm b-a - dinh gia kit qua Debbie Candau - Jennifer Doherty - Robert Hannafin hpc tap cua ngudi hoc John Judge - Judi Yost - Paige Kuni Intel teach to Trong qui trinh kid'm tra - dinh gii, nd'u nhin ttiay kit qua lam bai eua S V ehua tdt, ngudi day ed the the future (Chuong trinh day hpc cho tuong Iai cua dieu chmh phuong phip dpy va nqudi hpc dilu ehinh Intel) NXB Thanh niin, 2007 phuong phip hpe eho phu hop dd dat dupc mge tidu NguySn Thtf Hung - Hoang Vin Hai "Phat triln cac kl nang nghien cuu khoa hpc cho hpc sinh thOng qua day hpc da d l Phuang phap kid'm tra dinh g i i can phu bop, d?iy hpc theo du an" Tgp chi Gido dfic, sO' 274/2011 vdi cic binh thde phong phu (tu luin hay trie Trin Dinh Long Li thuyA hf thtfng NXB Khoa nghiem khich quan, kid'm tra vidt bay vi'n d i p , hgc vd kl thu4t, U 1999 kilm tra c i nhin hay theo nhdm ) Trong qua Le Dire Long Tai lifu bien so?n Phuong ph4p dsiy trinh ttiuc hidn chuang trinh mdn Tin hpc, chung m6n Tin hpc Dgi hgc suphgm Thdnh phdHS Chi Minh, tdl da thue hipn klhoaeh kid'm tra - dinh gii thudng 2006 xuyen thdng qua cic bai tip, bai thuc hanh v i eac SUMMARY chuydn d i c g thd' This paper presents a system of effective measDd'i vdi bii thi kit thue mdn hpc, ehu yd'u td' chde ures to enhance the quality ofeducaUon In informatics cho SV thi bing hinh thde thuc hanh Tuy nhidn, ndi at Hanoi University ofNatural Resources and EnviThese measures have totally reformed sevdung kid'm tra - dinh gii can phai bao quit dupe ndi ronment eral elements ofthe teaching process: curriculum, dung chu yd'u eua mdn hpc, trinh tinh trang dinh gii teachers, detailed course ouSine teaching methods khdng dung kit qua hpe tip ciia SV Ngoii ra, k l and methods ofassessing the academic performance of learners Survey results show that these meashoach kid'm tra - dinh gia khdng chi ehu y dd'n kiln ures have brought remarrkable training results In a posiUve direcUon ttidc, ma cdn phai quan tim ca cic kTning (kTning Trong day hpc mdn Toin, GV can tim cich ban checic nguyen nhin giy sai lam eua HS ea sai lam ehua xuat hidn GV ein du doin tmde (Tiep theo trang 44) nhdng sal lam HS cd t h i gap phai day hpc tdng tpi mpt did'm, sich giao khoa thudng bit dlu chu d l de cd nhihig bidn phip nhim ban chd, sda chua eho eie em; die bidt, HS khdng dupc sudgng , f(x) bing viduxetmpt him hdu tied dang ^ , t r o n g dd, nhdng khai quit khdng ed suy kiin, nhung phep h/ong g(x) l i ham so khdng xic djnh tai x=x^ nao dd Vi du, tu khdng cd co sd Nd'u GV ed eie phuong phip day Irong Oai so'va Giai tich 11 (ning eao) xet ham sd hpe phu hop se khie phgc duqc sal lim cua HS quitrinh giai toin • dup: cho bdi cdng thde/(x)=^^-y • Sau PT vide Phantichcac bieu hien sal iam llympldiysox,,x,, x^ max„5t2,v«eA''saoeho Tii lifu tham khao lim x„ = 2, liic dd ta ed lim f(xj = Khi dd, ta ndi ham Nguygn Ba Kim (chu bien) Phuong phip d^y bpc mdn Toin NXB Dgi hgc suphgm, H 2004 sd /cd ^Idl ban la x d i n dd'n HS se ehi cic TrSn Van Hao (tdng chii bien) Dai sd va giai tich 11 i^c didm vi dg d trdn l i : kit qua eua gidl han NXB Gido dvc Vift Nam, H 2011 khdng phg thupc vao cdng thde t(x), f(x) khdng xic SUMMARY djnh tai gii trj ma ;f dan tdi Tddd nhan thde sai lam la gkii hpn eiia him sd' cho bdi cdng thde t(x) xdan Basic logical operations Include analysis, synthetdi die'm nio ttii tai did'm dd ham so phai khdng xic sis, comparison, slmilarization abstraction and generalization Analysis and synthesis are two conflictdjnh Sal lim d diy l i HS da ngp nhin di'u hidu ing operaUons but are two sides of a single process: abstraction is necessary condition of generalization f(x) = ^ i l ^ khdng xic dlnh tai x = di'u hidu In this paper, we have analyzed the manifestations of high school pupils' mistakes in performing basic logical operations For each operation, we present ban chat some common mistake manifestations and examples (ki 1-1/2013)- Tap chi Gide due so 301 59 ... ve Tin hpc, G V edn can phai theo hqc cd van dung kidnttidcTin hqc vao giai quylt ed ehuyen mdn v l cie ITnh vuc dd Tuy nhidn, phan 2) Ren luyen kha nang tuhgc, tu nghien cuu Idn eie GV day Tin. .. phin cdng ^lang day dupe hpc vao tdng tinh hud''ng eg the Vi vay, chuang v l mat td''chdc, nhi tmdng tao dilu kidn dd GV dupe trinh Tin hpe ehung tdl xiy dung da ting thdl lupng tham gia eie bud''i... phuang phap day hgc (PPDH) bdmdn Oe ning biy bao cao dudi suhudng din eua G V Sau eae bull cao chat h/png DH, ngoai eie kidn thde v l chuydn bao cao, SV se sua lal bao cio theo gdp y eiia cie mdn,