DOHvaHoc JNGAYNAY so 3 2012 S^W" 5S Boi duOng phucfng phap tir hoc cho hgc sinh trong day hoc Vat ly of Trirofng Dir bi Dai hoc Dan tdc ^0 • • • • • TS MAI CONG KHANH ThS Ll/ClNG VIET MANH TrQdng DQ b[.]
DOHvaHoc so 3-2012 JNGAYNAY 5S S^W" Boi duOng phucfng phap tir hoc cho hgc sinh day hoc Vat ly of Trirofng Dir bi Dai hoc Dan tdc ^0 • • • • • TS MAI CONG KHANH - ThS Ll/ClNG VIET MANH TrQdng DQ bj Dai hpc Dan tdc Sam Sdn SU CAN THIET PHAI BOI DUaNG PHUONG PHAP HJ HQC CHO HQC SINH D^ Bj DAI HQC DAN TQC TQ hpc Id kha nang cua ngQdi, Id xu the cua thdi dai bung nd thdng tin hien nay, mpi ngQdi c i n phai bid't tQ hpc de ed the hpc tap sudt ddi, Trong qua trinh tQ hpc, van de ludn dupe lat di lat lai, hlnh thdnh nhOng thac mde, nhOng cdu hdi, cd gang tQ tra ldi,,, TQ dd, hieu sdu, nhd Idu kiln thQc, dd Id dac diem thu nhan thdng tin cua nao bd ngudi, Trong day hpc, gido vien (GV) can phai hQdng dan hpe sinh (HS) theo cdc cdng doan cua qud trinh tQ hpc, de HS thu nhan kidn thQc bang each tQ iQc tim kiln thQc mdi, HS trQdng dQ bj dai hpc dan tdc d ndi trii, nhd trudng quan ly vide hpe tap d tren Idp cung nhQ vide tQ hpc d ky tue '' xd, Trong mdt khod hpc cd lan kiem tra djnh ky vd l l n thi ' hpc ky Idm cd sd de ddnh gid vd xet phan vdo ede trQdng dai •hpc, cao dang vd trung hpc chuyen nghiep Thdi gian ddnh >cho viec tQ hpc ehilm 2/3 thdi gian ndi tru, mdi trQdng tQ !'hpc tap trung, thudn Ipi, dQpc quan ly, theo ddi, dilu khien 'thdng nhd't d dja diem vd thdi gian nhat djnh Tuy nhien HS i'du bj dai hpe ddn tdc, qua trinh hpc tdp phan Idn cdn 'thieu tfnh k l hoach, tQ hpc cdn mang tfnh ddi phd, y thQc *'hpe tap chQa cao, chQa cd hQng thu tQ hpe de khdm phd vd giai quyet van de, m Chfnh vi vdy viec bdi dudng phQdng phdp tQ hpc cho HS iifclQ bi dai hpc ddn tdc cd y nghTa quan trpng qud trinh #dpy hpc, De Idm tdt viec day hpc ndi chung vd day hpc vdt ly jfidi rieng, chung ta c i n djnh hQdng vd ren luypn mdt sd ky (jndng ho trd cho vipc tQ hpc de HS cd the tQ hpc mpi ndi, l^llnpi Itic tiln tdi hpc tap sudt ddi itjl DINH HUdNG XAY DUfNG, KIEM TRA VA DIEU iC»)HiNH KE HOACH T ^ HQC V^T LY ^1 2.1 Xay dQng ke hoach De HS cd t h i len kd hoach tQ hpc mdn vdt ly cho mdt ldm hpc, tuan dau cua nam hpc GV can gidi thipu 3ng qudt ndi dung, chQdng trinh, nhidm vy mdn hpc, tdi eu tham khao vd cac d i l u kien cho vide tQ hpc mdn vdt \'^ CCing vdi kiln thQc vdt ly HS da dQpc ITnh hdi d trQdng trung hpc phd thdng, TQ dd, HS cd cd sd djnh hQdng trpng tdm kiln thQc mdn Vdt ly d trQdng dQ bj dai hpe ddn tpc, xde dinh hpe edi gl Id chfnh Id quan trpng vd xdy dQng cho ban thdn k l hogeh tQ hpc phu hdp 2.2 Kiem tra va dieu chinh ke hoach tQ hpc ThQdng xuyen kiem tra qud trinh tQ hpc vd hodn thdnh ke hoach tQ hpc Id phQdng tien manh de kich thfch, ndng cao chat IQdng tQ hpc Viec ddnh gid nham trd Idi nhOng cdu hdi nhU: Ke hoach da xdy dQng, thdi gian phdn bd, phQdng phdp thQc hien ed hdp ly khdng? Can dieu ehlnh d cho ndo? ThQc hien ke hoach cd diing tien dp khdng? Cd tid't kiem dupe thdi gian thQc hien khdng? Hieu qua thQc hien the ndo? Can IQu y dieu gi thQc hipn ke hoach? TQ sQ ddnh gia kd't qua da Idm vdi k i t qua cua cdc l l n kiem tra djnh ky, HS rut bdi hpc kinh nghiem, dieu chlnh de lan sau thQc hien ke hoach tQ hpc tdt hdn, REN LUYEN MOT s6 KY NANG CHO HQC SINH TRONG TU HOC VAT LY 3.1 Ren luypn ky nang nghe gidng cho hoc sinh ThQc te eho thd'y viec HS ehu y nghe giang anh hudng rd't Idn d i n thdnh tfch hpc tap, De HS cd the tap trung cao dp sQ chii y, qud trinh day hpc GV djnh hudng eho HS can chu y vdo edi gi, tQe Id Idm rd myc tieu c i n ehu y, myc tidu chCi y eua HS phdi thdng nha't vdi myc tieu cua thay, N l u gdp c h l nghe khdng hieu cung khdng nen nghT mai ve dieu dd, n l u khdng se anh hQdng den k i t qua nghe phan sau Tat nhien, bao dam nhat tri vdi myc tieu thay giang khdng cd nghTa Id theo sdt thiy tQng bQdc, Khdng bj ddng nghe giang md ludn ludn suy nghT, ddng nao quanh nhOng v i n d l thiy giang, tQ cdc gdc dp binh dien khde de suy nghT, khiln tQng bQdc tham gia sdu vdo nhOng kien thQc thiy dan dat, Khi giang bdi GV c i n hQdng cho HS van dyng todn bd vdn hieu biet cua minh de so sdnh, dd'i chidu, xem van de ndo minh da bilt; diem ndo thiy giang dung vdi suy nghT 60 ciia minh; van d l ndo khdp, tpi sao? NhQ vdy HS khdng nhOng tiep nh^n dQpc tri thQc md cdn kilm tra dQpc suy nghT, dQ dodn cua minh, se cdm thd'y hQng thu v i n d l thay giang phCi hpp vdi suy nghTcua minh, NgQpc Ipi se nhd rat lau nhOng c h l chQa phu hpp, dd GV c i n quan tdm den thdi dp, cdch nhin dpc ldp d l i vdi bdi gidng cua HS, Chung ta bilt ring d l i vdi m i i v i n d l , khdng phdi chl cd mpt cdch ly gidi, mpt cdch ddnh gid VI vdy nghe gidng, n l u cd y kiln b i t ding, ngudi nghe ndn mpnh dpn d l xud't nhOng suy nghTcua minh ho$c ddnh d i u Ipi d l sau ndy trao doi them vdi thiy, 3.2 Ren luypn ky nang ghi chep cho hpc sinh Khdng cd t h i nhd todn bd npi dung tri thQc dd dope hpc mpt cdch b i n vOng, kiln thQc md ehung ta tidp nhdn thQdng bj qudn n l u khdng dupe nhdc Ipi vd thQdng xuydn sQ dyng, Dilu ndy dQpc khde phye phin ndo n l u ngudi hpc chju khd va bilt cdch ghi chdp, dd Id m^t k9 ndng quan trpng hopt ddng hpc t^p vd tQ hpc, Ghi chep phai tien hdnh dong thdi vdi nghe gidng, ddi hdi HS phdi cd dp tdp trung cao, nghTa Id HS phdi thQc hi$n hai thao tdc cung mdt luc, D l vide ghi chep khdng dnh hudng den vide nghe giang, HS c i n ed ky ndng vilt tit, vilt nhanh,,,, md van ddm bdo dp chfnh xde eua v i n d l c i n ghi chep, Ddi vdi mdn Vdt ly, dieu ndy Id rat thudn Ipi vl HS cd the sQ dyng triet d l kf hieu, cdng thQc, hinh ve vd sd hod viec ghi chep, vQa tilt kiem thdi gian cho vipc nghe giang, vQa trinh bdy van de mdt cdch rd rdng, sdng sua hdn Can khuyen khich HS ghi chep bdi tren cd sd da hieu van de vd ghi theo cdch rieng eua minh Khi ghi chep can chu y ghi tdm tat, chl ghi lai nhOng y chfnh, bd qua nhOng y trung gian, ndo can ed the lap lai dope Ngodi ra, can ghi chep nhOng van de md minh chQa that rd de tim hieu them, trao ddi vdi ban be hodc hdi thiy Trong hpc tap mdn Vdt ly - mdn khoa hpc thQc nghiem, vdi sQ tap trung chu ;/ cao dp, ddng nao d trang thdi tQ edng thang dot nhien Ide len nhOng y nghT mdi Nd cd the Id mdt sQ rfnh hdi mdi, cung cd the ddo sdu md mdt cdu hdi mdi, dd chfnh Id linh cam, nd vyt hien, vyt tdt, vl vdy phai khuyen khfch HS kjp thdi ghi lai 3.3 HQdng d i n sii dung tai Iidu dung each - Chgn tii lieu tham khio: Hipn nay, tdi lipu tham khao mdn vdt ly rat nhieu va phong phu D i l u ndy ddp Qng dQpc nhu cau eua ddng dao HS, nhQng Ipi Idm cho cdc em hoang mang viec chpn IQa tdi Iidu tham khao phu hpp cho minh nam hpc d trQdng dQ bj dpi hpc ddn tdc D l viec sQ dyng tdi Iidu tham khao cd hi$u qua, GV c i n hQdng ddn de HS chpn dung tdi li^u vd diing ddi tQpng, Cd tdi lipu bd sung eho gido trinh, cd tdi lieu ndng cao cho HS khd, cd tdi lieu chuyen sdu cho HS gidi, dd lai hQdng dan d l HS dpc nhOng quyen ndo Id du, Ngodi c i n hQdng dan de HS tQ chpn cdc tdi lieu tham khao vQa dam bao dQpc chilu sdu, vQa dam bao dQpc chieu rpng nghien cQu Quan trpng hdn Id nhOng tdi lieu cd djnh hQdng, hQdng dan phhQdng phdp hpc tap, phu hdp vdi viec tQ hpe cua HS - Xic djnh muc dich dgc: De vipc dpc tdi lieu tham khao cd hieu qua thie't thQc, GV c i n hQdng ddn HS xac dinh rd rang myc dfch dpc, Dpc de tim hieu ndi dung todn bp cudn sdch hay chl tim hieu mdt van de, mdt khfa canh ndo dd cua cudn sach, Dpc de tim hieu djnh nghTa, khdi niem ndo dd ISJ^Vr'v'^p'l•mmmm 363-2012 WiiyaHpc hay chl thu thdp kidn thQc, tri thQc phQdng phdp d l giai quydt mpt nhidm vy Khi dpc nhilu euln sdch de bo trp cho myc dfch ndo dd, c i n ghi Ipi hodc ddnh d i u , nhit Id nhOng v i n d l quan trpng d l tdng hpp thdng tin dQpc d l y du, c6 hd thing, - Cich dgc tii Hiu tham khio: Qua Idi tQa, ngQdi dpe bilt dope phQdng hQdng, myc dfch vd nhi^m vy cua cudn sdch Qua myc lye, ngQdi dpc bilt dQpc c l u true ciia sdeh, npi dung cCia chQdng vd sQ phdn b l trang cho tQng chQdng Vi^c tim hiiu sQ khdi qudt ndy Id r l t c i n thilt d l cd t h i dpc tdt, nhQng thQc t l , th$t ddng tile Id cdn mpt sd HS khdng thQc hidn khdu ndy, dd lung tung nghien cQu ky tdi li^u Ddi vdi m i l cudn sdch, vi^c dpc mpt lln hay nhilu l l n , nhanh hay chdm Id thudc vdo myc dfch dpc, Ddi vdi cdc khdi ni$m, dinh nghTa, dinh ly, djnh ludt vdt ly e i n phdi rd npi dung, tim thdm dQpc cdc vf dy minh hpa tim hiiu