^NcAY NAY SO 3 2012 aSki i*?''''! ''''!© ,'''' 33 Hudng din hpc sinh viet phan mcf bai, than bai va ket bai trong van mieu ta tf tieu hpc N G U Y E N V A N D O N G TrQdng Tieu hpe Quang Long, Quang Trach, Quan[.]
^NcAY NAY SO 3-2012 i*?'!.'!©.,' aSki 33 Hudng din hpc sinh viet phan mcf bai, than bai va ket bai van mieu tatftieu hpc NGUYEN V A N DONG TrQdng Tieu hpe Quang Long, Quang Trach, Quang Binh bdc tieu hpc, cdc em hpc sinh dQpc hpc t h i lopi vdn mieu ta gom nhieu kilu bai: ta vdt, ta cdy coi, td loai vdt, ta canh vpt, ta ngQdi, ta canh sinh hopt Qua thyc t l dpy hpc cho tha'y, hpc sinh tieu hpc ra't ham thfch hpc van midu ta vd cd kha nang vilt dQdc nhOng bdi van mieu ta tot VI the, day mdi loai tilt phai dam bao thQc hien day du cdc npi dung vd hodn thdnh tot nhidm vu cua loai tilt dd Trong t h i loai van mieu ta, mdi kilu bdi cd nhOng yeu cau rieng v l kiln thQc, kT nang nhQng lai cung trinh, mpt dan bdi chung vd cdc bQdc thQc hien de hpc sinh tap van dyng vdo bai van cy the bdi vilt nay, chf xin d l cap den viec vilt phan (md bdi - thdn bdi - k i t bdi) cua bdi van mieu ta ndi chung Khi giang day, gido vien can chu y ren cho hpc sinh kT nang sap xep y lap ddn bdi chi tilt cho bo cyc ba phan: md bai- than bdi- kit bdi Cd the hQdng ddn hpc sinh thQc hipn cdch md bdi, vilt phan thdn bdi vd phan k i t bdi nhQ sau: Van mieu ta Id t h i loai van can cQ vdo nhQng dieu quan sdt dQpc, cam nhan dQpc bang cdc gidc quan v l doi tQpng (lodi vat, vat, canh vat, ngQdi ), rii dung net ve ngdn ngO de ve hlnh anh, dac tinh chdn thQc cua doi tQpng dd, trinh bay theo mdt bo cyc hpp li va diln dat bang Idi van sinh ddng, giup ngQdi dpc, ngQdi nghe cung thay, cung cam nhdn nhQ minh di mOt each chpt che, khdng chuyin y mpt cdch dpt ngOt, nen lien hp, khdi quat ti^ nhQng y chinh vd npi dung cd ban da trien khai phan than bdi a Kit bii khdng mdr^g: Cho bilt kit cyc, khdng binh luan thdm b Kit bii mdrgng: Sau cho bilt kit cyc, cd ldi binh luan thdm, suy rpng cdc v i n de khde VI dtf D l bdi" Ti dUdng quen thugc td nhi em tdi tnJdng' (SGK- TVS, t$p 1, trang 83) Kit bii theo haidchnhU sau: + Kit bdi khdng md rpng: Con dUdng tdnhi em den trddng cd le khdng khic nhiiu lim nhdng dUdng thinh pho, nhung nd th$t thin thiit dii vdi em + Kit bdi md r^ng: Em rit yiu quy dUdng td nha d^n trUdng Sing nio di hgc, em cung thiy dUdng rit sach se Em biit diy li nhd cdng quet dgn ngiy dim cda cic cd bac cdng nhin ve sinh Em vi cie ban bio khdng xi ric biia bai di dUdng ludn sach, dep c Kit bii theo kieu dinh gia Ipi Ich cua doi tufi/ng Tuy vdo cdch cam, each nghlcija ngQdi vilt ve doi tQpng dQpc mieu ta D l i tQpng ay mang Ipi nilm vui, ndi buon; dem Ipi Ipi fch v l tinh than, vpt chat ma vilt phan kit bdi cho sat dung vdi dli tUpng dQpc mieu ta mpt cdch cd dpng nhat - Vf dy: Cui tram den cd chat beo, bQi va thdm Tram den rat Qa xdo vdi tdp md Tram den cdn dQpc dQng lam I mai, phdi khd d l an dan Chieu ehilu, tdi thQdng dau ban nhin Di^aHpC / N G A y NAY , 50 3-2012 35 en nhOng vdm cdy tram ngdng chim v l NgQdi bdn tdi nhin Idn e Kieu bai td ngQdi: Ta ngQdi can IQu y ta dQdc hai mat: ta 2al d xanh treo Id IQng iQng trdi ay ma biet dQpc sQc gid, Xa que ngopi hlnh {\h hlnh ddng ben ngodi) vp ta tfnh tinh (ddi song npi 3a ngdt chye nam trdi, tdi van nhd da dilt nhQng cdy trdm den tdm), Khi td, phdi bilt tdp trung vdo td nhQng dQdng net ngoai b dau ban, hinh tidu bilu, nhQng cd tfnh ridng biet md ft thay hoac khdng thd'y d ngudi khde Nlu midu td ngopi hlnh (ddng ngQdi, Idn da, (Cay trdm den, TV4, trang 53) mdi tdc, di dQng.,, ) md khdng midu td n^i tdm (thdi dp, tu d Kit bii theo kieu phit bieu cam nghJvS doi tupng Can cQ tQdng, suy nghT.,,) vd hdnh dpng cQa ngQdi dQpc mieu ta thi vao yeu cau cua de bai vd doi tupng dQpc mieu ta d l bpc Ip ngQdi hidn len bdi vdn se trd ndn ddn didu, vd h6n, cQng cam xuc chdn thdnh, Idng yeu thQdng tha thilt, bilt dn, men nhic, Vy vdy, cin dan xen giQa td hlnh vdi ta tinh d l Idm noi rd phye, hoac ngQpc lai ve d l i tQpng dQpc midu ta, cudc sing ndi tdm, cudc song hopt ddng cua ngudi dQpc ta, - Vf du: Vang, Idng tdi day thdn phye, xin bpn dQng cQdi, Tdi kfnh can nghieng minh trQdc chim se be bdng dung g Kieu bai td cdnh sinh hopt: Trpng tdm ciJa bdi van ta cam kia, trQdc tinh yeu cua nd canh sinh hopt Id ndi tdi hopt ddng cua ngudi, hopt dpng cua ngQdi ludn gan liln vdi thdi gian vd khdng gian, VI vdy, (Con se, Tud'c-Ghd-Nhep, TV4) td cdnh sinh hoat can ta hoat ddng cua eon ngQdi ,5 MOT SO DIEM CAN LOU Y KHI DAY HOC Tl/NG nhQng thdi gian vd khdng gian cy thi; cd nhQ vay bdi van mdi KIEU BAI VAN MIEU TA: phdn dnh dQng din ngQdi thQc, canh thyc vd moi quan he giQa De hpc sinh lam dupe nhOng bdi tap lam vdn hay, cd "chat" thyc sQ; trdnh loi ndi sdo, thilu tinh chdn thyc, miPu td hdi hpt, ngudi vdi ngQdi, giOa ngQdi vdi canh cupc song thudng ngdy chung chung,,., dpy hpc gido vien can phai doi mdi cdch day, kit hdp nhilu phQdng phdp, hlnh thQc dpy hpc tfch eye, Can sQ dyng cdc loai dpng tQ (dpng tQ chf trang thdi, dpng nen iQu y cdc diem sau: tQ chf hopt ddng), nhQng tinh tQ cd sQc gpi td, gpi cam Idn mieu ta cho sinh dpng, giau sac thdi bieu cam, a Kieu bai ta v§t: Mdi vat deu cd nhQng ndt ridng v l hlnh ddng, cau tao, mdu sac Do vat ludn gan bd vdi ddi song MOT SO DIEM CAN LUU Y KHI DAY - HOC VAN MIEU sinh boat cua ngQdi, vi the mieu ta can phai ndi tdi cdng TA NOI CHUNG dung, ich ldi cua vdt ay, cung nhQ finh cam cua ngudi a Can dam bao yeu eau th^c hdnh, lay thuc hanh lam hoat dd'i vdi vdt dd Cd nhQ vdy, vdt hien len van mieu ta ddng chfnh cua tilt hpc, lay sQ hinh thdnh kTndng phan'tfch de, lap ddn •y, dung tQ, dat cau, dQng doan Idm yeu cau chfnh cua mdi sinh dpng, cy the tilt hpc, Thay Id ngQdi ehu dao, trd Id ngudi ehu dpng hpc tap Ldi vdn bdi van mieu'ta vdt can cd sQc song, sQ d l ehilm ITnh kiln thQc van, rut kiln thQc vilt van mieu ta vd dyng bien phdp so sdnh, nhdn hod, cdc ddng tQ, tfnh tQ chf hlnh thdnh kT ndng mieu ta, hoat dpng va pham chat ci!ia ngQdi d l khiln vat vd tri, b Phai dam bao tinh chan thuc cua bdi van mieu ta, trdnh vd giac cung trd nen cd nhQng "suy nghT' vd "cQ chf, tinh cam" loi mieu ta theo dieu "sdo" Ldm bdi vdn hpc sinh vilt gid'ng nhQ ngQdi bdc Id dupe tinh cam, cam xuc thQc sQ cua cdc em qua vd'n b Kieu bai ta vpt: Lam bai van mieu ta vdt, can song, tri tQdng tQpng hon nhien, sahg cua cdc em trQdc chu y ta hinh ddng ben ngoai, thdi quen, tfnh nit rieng biet cua dd'i tQdng dQpc mieu ta, vdt dd, Khi mieu ta hinh dang ben ngodi can nhan manh c Bao dam tfnh thd'ng nhat qua trinh hpc cdc the loai vdo mpt so dac diem noi bat nhat, d l nhin thay nhd't v l vdt DQng tQ tQpng de md phdng lai am nham muc tap lam van ndi chung vd van mieu ta ndi rieng Can cd dich khac hoa lai dm dac trQng cua vat dQpc mieu ta, sQ gan kit lien tyc "dong tdm" giOa cdc tilt hpc van mieu ta vd giQa cdc kieu bdi van mieu ta, Nham hlnh thdnh d cdc em kT Nen dung bien phdp tu tQ nhdn hod, cdc tQ ngQ chf mdu sac, nang, nang lUc viet van mdi ngdy dupe nang dan len ve chat, pham chat, cdc ddng tQ chf boat ddng mang dac trQng giong d Trong each viet van mieu ta can phai chu y Id: Ngdn ngO lodi de mieu ta eon vat cho cy t h i vd sinh ddng c Kieu bai ta cay coi: Trong t h i gidi tQ nhien, cd rat nhilu bdi van bao gid cung gidu cam xuc, gidu nhOng rung ddng, nhOng nhdn xet tinh te, doi dao sQc sdng tao, nham myc lodi cay, nhQng doi tQdng midu ta phdn mdn tap lam van dfnh thdng bdo tham mT Giup ngQdi dpc, qua van mieu ta d tieu hpc thQdng la nhQng cdy cho bdng mat, cay an qua, cay nhdn thQc dQpc thQc te khdch quan khdng phai bang dcho hQdng hoa,,, dd la nhQng cay mang lai Ipi fch thilt thyc rat Qdng ly tri md chu yeu bang nhQng cam xuc, nhQng rung ddng gan gui vdi IQa tuoi hpc trd, Vi vay, mieu ta can tdp trung mpnh me cua tam hon, Chinh vl le dd ngdn ngO bdi van lam noi bat ldi fch cua cay dd Id gi? Can gan ta cay vdi khung mieu ta can dQpc gpt dua, trau chud't cho v l y, sdng ve canh, canh vat xung quanh nd de tao nen mdt bQc tranh nhilu Idi, sinh dpng v l cdch diln dat, Tuy vdy, gido dye ludn phai sac mdu sinh dpng, ma dd cdy dQdc ta Id vat trung tdm, dam bao tinh vQa sQc dQa tren the chat, tdm If, kha nang tri Nen dung bien phdp so sdnh, cac tinh tQ chf mdu sac, mQc dp gidc va von song cua tre, Trong qua trinh giang day phai lam de dien ta sdt dung, giay Idn Idng hpc sinh nhQng rung dpng tham mT, tao cho d Kieu bai ta phong canh: Dd'i tQpng cua kilu bdi van ta cdc em nhQng rung dpng cd giai dieu vd khd ndng tim tQ ngQ phong canh Id rat nhilu: Idng que, cdnh dong lua, pho, de the hien tdm trpng ay dinh chua,.„Cung chfnh vi vay, mdi canh vat cd nhOng sac thai De dat dQpc nhOng dieu neu tren, day hpc mdi thay rieng, dae diem rieng, Nen mieu ta can iQu y: Ta khdng gido, cd gido can phai dau tu hdn nQa ve phQdng phdp, bien gian, thdi gian tao nen chung cho canh vat can mieu ta vd can phdp cho moi gid hpc phdn mdn Tap lam van (tQng the loai, kit hpp ta canh vdi ta ngQdi, Cd nhQ vdy, canh vdt mdi trd nen tQng kieu bai cy the) d l tQng bQdc giup cdc em nim vQng kiln am dp, dQpm finh ngQdi thQc, phdt trien tdm hon van, ehu ddng gid hpc: dQpc ndi Nen sQdung cdc tQ ngO chf mdu sdc, hlnh khoi, dQdng net, Idn nhQng suy nghTcQa minh, ndi dung, ndi hay, vilt hay Idm cae tQ ngQ chf khdng gian, trang ngQ chf thdi gian can dQpc sQ gidu them, dep them tiing me de cua minh dyng nhieu d l phong canh dQdc ta cu t h i hdn, tUdi nguyen mau sac cupc song ... boat ddng mang dac trQng giong d Trong each viet van mieu ta can phai chu y Id: Ngdn ngO lodi de mieu ta eon vat cho cy t h i vd sinh ddng c Kieu bai ta cay coi: Trong t h i gidi tQ nhien, cd rat... nghieng minh trQdc chim se be bdng dung g Kieu bai td cdnh sinh hopt: Trpng tdm ciJa bdi van ta cam kia, trQdc tinh yeu cua nd canh sinh hopt Id ndi tdi hopt ddng cua ngudi, hopt dpng cua ngQdi... canh, canh vat xung quanh nd de tao nen mdt bQc tranh nhilu Idi, sinh dpng v l cdch diln dat, Tuy vdy, gido dye ludn phai sac mdu sinh dpng, ma dd cdy dQdc ta Id vat trung tdm, dam bao tinh vQa