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TknfvMfc s61 2013 Muc dfch va muc tieu cua giao due ngay nay LE HAI Yf N Trung tam Nghien cQu va Phdt trien Ty hpc Nhan dip d iu nam hoc, Iren cdc bao cd dang lai nhilu y kien cua eac chuyen gia Giao[.]
TknfvMfc s61.2013 Muc dfch va muc tieu cua giao due LE HAI Yf N Trung tam Nghien cQu va Phdt trien Ty hpc N han dip d i u nam hoc, Iren cdc bao cd dang lai nhilu y kien cua eac chuyen gia Giao dye ban ve sp ddi mdl edn bdn vd todn difln Gido due vd dao tao Viet Nam, xin dupc phflp dan lai mot sd nhan dinh cua ode vr • GS Phgm Minh Hgc, nguyen Bd trUdng Gido dye, ndi rang, dD da cd dDdng ldi Dgi hoi XI de (linh den Id gan nim), da qua nhieu hfli thao, da ed dp an , nhung Hdi nghj T U khdng dupe nghi quyll v l GD&DT Dilu ndy chDng td su ehuan bi chua tot, td trinh va dp an chua thda man yflu eau Tuy nhifln, rat may min, GS Hae nhdn mgnh , Ting Bi Ihu Nguyen Phu Trong co phat bieu mdt dogn b l mgc hdi nghi' "Day id van d l hfl trgng phDc tgp, cd nhieu y kiln khde nhau, ndo Ihly du dieu kifln se nghi quyll ve GD&DT" Day la \^ d l chung ta hy vong se cO mdt nghi quylt v l GD&DT tuong lai Theo GS Hgc, mflt van ban ehuin mpe nhu nghj quyll cua T.Lf la dua dudng ldi chfnh sach v l giao dye nhUng D l dn doi mdl gido dye da thieu cai cd bdn dau tien la trl^t \')f giao dpc Hifln nay, t r i l l \^ khd phd bien eua gido dye ViSt Nam Id hpe d l thi, de kilm mdnh blng ô ã "Gido dye & Ddo tgo edn Id v l n de chung cda ed xa hdl, khdng chi riflng nganh GD N l u edn iam ly bdng cap khoa cD, cdn sp ddi Ira gian lan nhu hien thl lam cfl n l n GD lit'?" - GS DSng HQu Nhu Cuong Nen gido dye eua chDng ta hien dang di • Trdn bdo mgng GDVN cd dang bdi cua PGS.van lech hudng tren ba van de cdt loi nhal, dd Id Hpc de lam Nhu Cuong "Chf Viflt Nam cd chuySn ddng van blng de gi? Hoc cai gi? va Hpc nhU the nao? thdng quan" "Nen gido dye ehung ta dang d trgng Chdc ring nhDng ngudi quan tam d i n nen gido dye Ihdl oDa mflt n l n "gido dye Dng IhT', myc dich di hpe chf la nude nha deu Ihay dong tinh vdi nhDng nhan d|nh trdn d l dl thl, dl thl d l cfl mflt van bdng, cdng cao cang i l l eua cdc nha giao lao thanh, la nhQng ngudii da IQng ianh N l u chua ed vide Ihi dung van blng d l lim viec, n l u dd cd dgo va ed ten ludi eua nen GD & DT Viel Nam Song, de vide rll thl dung vdn bang d l thang quan tiln chDc Ddy ta giai dap dupc ba cau hdi trSn thdt khflng ddn gian chDt sp lech hDdng Idn nhdl, keo theo mpi Iflch hudng khac" nao, chde la can nhilu giay mpe vd nhilu cudc hfli thdo NguySn nhdn cua sp ISch hudng dfl Id vl xa hdi chDng tranh luan IDa eda cac ehuyfln gia GD (trong sudt la hidn qud coi Irpng bang c i p Dudng nhu da cd mdl may ndm qua vd chic edn nhilu ndm nDa), chua b i l l d i n "chu nghTa bdng cap" viec ddnh gid nang Ipe eon bao gid chDng ta mdi trd ldi dupc cde cdu hdi edt ldi l y d l ngudl, viflc thSng quan tiln chDc viflc bdu ban nen GD ehdng ta khflng di Ige dudng va Igch hDdng ? chDc vy Va vi v^y d l phgc vy cho "chu nghTa bang cdp' Theo Chung toi, d l trd ldi dupc edu hdi Hpc d l Idm gl"? l y , n l n gido due cdng ngdy cdng chf chu Irpng d i n vide (hay rdng hdn Myc dieh cua giao dye ngdy la gl?) va hpc d l Ihi va thi d l l l y blng, thdm chl n l u khdng c l n hpc Hpc cdi gP Lidn quan r l l chdl ehe tdi viSc xdc dmh - hilu md vdn chgy dupc bdng th) cang tdl Cung theo flng Vdn va Idm dung tnlt ly gido dye vd myc tidu giao dpe Cho - ^ r 'K^ S6 1-2013 D^jniHpC Id gi"? Chle chdn moi thdi hieu mdt each m6i ngUdi hieu nen, bai bdo chung tdi xin ban ve chu d l : Muc dfeh mdt kieu; vay dd chf la khau hieu suong, khdng the eoi dd va mpe tieu giao dye Id Inet ly GD dUpc I , I- NEN HIEU VA QUAN NIEWI VE TRIET LY GIAO Theo chung toi: Triet !# I# cdi \^ sau xa, c d M I h u y i n digu ciia mpt hpc thuyet, mpt sU bign minh day du cho DUC N H U T H E NAO ? mpt sU nghigp hay mpt cong vigc ldn cda xa hpi dUpc Hien nay, tra cDu cae loai bach khoa ID dien chQa thay moi ngUdi tam phuc khau phuc va no nhU kim chi nam, mdt dinh nghTa day du nao v l ndi ham cua thuat ngQ ngon dudc soi dUcfng de dgt dU^c muc dich cho si/ Dudi day, xm dupe phep ddn Igi mdt vai thong tin Iren nghiflp ay.Tat nhifln T r i l l 1^ ay phai phD hpp vdi tQng thdi mgng va bao chi v l van d l quan trpng suot may dai, khdng the c6 chdn ly vTnh cDu N l u hieu nhu vay, thi nam qua "Tnet Ly Giao dye" phai Id dilu ma t i t ea mpi ngudi tan 'Nha van hda Nguyen Ngpc bdi "Lai xdn xao chuyen triet 19 giao due" - cudn NhDng van de GD hien nay, dong va trdng dpi, thay dung Id chdn 1;? la myc dfch thpc s^, phai lam ddng nhu vay thi mdi ed the dgt dupc mye quan diem va giai phap - NXB Tn thDc "May hdm dieh, chdn ly ay Triet ly giao due phdi tra ldi dUpc rd rang bong lai thay xdn xao ien chuyen triet ly giao due , cd le la vda CO cai hoi thao ve chuyen triet ly giio due mot ed cau h^i "Hpc de lam gi?", hay ndi rdng hon "Myc dfch quan nio cua Bp GD-DT to ehdc mi qua that neu khong giao due hign la gi?" cd mpt bai bao kha sa sai tddng thuat l^i thi ching biet no Vi du ban ve Tnel ly giao due; ta thd xem Van ban dien d dau, vi sao, de lam gi Va thu that dgc bai tudng Bdn tru mong cua giao due (The Four Pillars of Education) thuat ay roi, khdng biet eac bac uyen bac thay sao, neng toi cua UNESCO- la thay linh The'l ly loal mpi phan van khong hieu ddpc vay thi cai gpi la triet ly giao due ia cDa van ban,Tdm tdt vdn ban nhu sau: Hpc tgp Mpt kho gi thim chi cang thay rdi mu them." bau tiem an cila Uy ban Qudete ve Giao dye cho the ki XXI ChCi tich J Delors trinh bay, Ihang ndm 1996, Mdt nha van hoa cd len luoi, ddng thdi id mdt nha van cdng bd nam 1998 (Internalional Commission on EducalaChu tjch HDQT cua mol trudng Dgi Hpc ma cdn Ihay rd; tion for the Twenty-first Century) UNESCO Tfnh trill Ij? mu them Ihi khong b i l l mpi ngudi se hieu Iriel ly giao dgc toat mpi phan eCia van ban, lap Irung nha't d Bdn la the nao III ' "Thdi ddng cai ve triet ly giao due nda -Tren the tru mong cua giao due Chung ldi xm phep tdm lUOe van ban nhu sau (phan in nghieng): Mdt nen giao due co sdc gidi, lich sd nhan lo?i, ehl mot vai ngUdi co kha nang sdng la nhd xa hdi co nhieu ngddi hge va deu ham tdduy va td tddng kiet xuat moi co the dda ddgc mot triet hgc Sp ham hgc se mpnh me va ben vdng neu ngddi hgc 1^ giao dud' ,-TS Pham Anh Tuan -dich gia tac pham "Dan dat dddc muc dich ma trddc hgc hg td dit eho minh, chu va Giao dye" nhan manh mien la muc dich phu hpp vdi lpi Ieh eua xa hpi Nhd ' Triet iy giao dye Viet Nam nhU the nao d l phu hpp vay, nhu ciu va muc dich hgc tap la cii trp mpng de ngdi vdi nen kinh te thi IrUdng va hoi nhap'' Cd phai giao dye nha giao due ddng vdng Viel Nam dang lon lgi qua nhieu bat cap vl thie'u Inel ly dan dQdng'' , Ta't cd cac van de Iren da dupc dUa mo I COT TRy THLT NHAT: HQC Bi B I I ' T xe tai hdl thao v l trill ly giao dye Viet Nam Vien KHGD Biet thu nhgn thdng tin, b i l l tilp thu tri IhDe, bill Igo VN va trudng DHSP TPHCM to chDc tai TP HCM sang lap va sD dung thao In thDc nhu la cac cdng cu tdm 19-8-2011 Trong khudn kho mol budi sang, Hpi nghi mdi ly Vi kien thDc vo cung phong phD va ed the dupe phat cham tdl phan khai niem vdn bi coi la qua rong ldn va cd Inen vo bd ben, nen that vd ieh dd no lUc hpc de bill the gay tranh luan trai chieu 13 y kien lai hdi thao da het tat ca Nha trUdng can dgy hpc sinh khd nang suy duoc ban td chDc ghi am lgi de nghien cDu Tnel ly giao nghT (kl nang tU duy), ky nang ghi nhd vk tgp trung Id dye la van de dupc de cap va gay Iranh cai hdn chyc nam ba loai cdng cu tam ly rat ed ban, nd nhU la ehilo ehla qua nhieu hoi thao, nhien, dudi mat cua nhieu khoa de ngUdi tiep tye md eac canh cDa cua tri thQc nha giao dye, van de van ehua dupc giai quyet mpt Tao each day va hoc tich cpc, lien ldi tu hpe NgQdi ta each lan eung, dan den nhieu hau qua ndng ne ma nen se "hoc mpt - biet mUdi" Giao dye nhd Irudng chl giao dye phai ganh ehiu Tdm lai, ChDng ta cdn dang dUde COI la cd k i t qua nd Igo dupe eo sd vd ddng lpc "Lung lung dinh hUo'n^', cdn dang "bin khoan tim cho ngudi hpc tilp tuc hoc lap va ren luyen sud't ddi mdt triet ly neng cho nen giao due Viet Nam", Cdn dang - Hpc tap vDa la phuOng lien vDa la mpe dich: hpc tap "thay tnel ly giao due rdi mu them Con dang di tim " giup ngudi hieu duac mdi IrUdng song va lam viSceua Trich cac bao sau eae cupc hdi thao Vgy nen hieu trie't minh de ma song cd nhdn pham; hpc ldp dem lgi sp thod ly giao due hign the nao? man ve hieu bie'l, tu vd hanh ddng nhdm Idm cho eude sdng lot dep hdn '' Hien nay, quan mem chua dung ve "Tnel Ly", nen nhieu ngUdi thay dd la dieu qua ma ho, qua bl hiem va - Hge tri thde thl ehl biet tn thdc, hgc phddng phip thl se hieu va suy dien the nao cung dupc, nen chang chiu biet eieh ehiem ITnh cic tri thdc Hien tn thdc cOa thi ca Vi dy, cd ngUdi bao xUa la da cd Inet ly GD rdi, dd gidl ed khoang nim se ting gap dpi; vl the chuang trlnh Id "Tien hoc le, Hdu hpc van", nhUng nhieu ngUdi bao dd la phai chgn lgc phii tmh giin khdng the qua tii vi pm dom Inet ly ID Ihdt Khong Manh, cd ID hang nghin nam ve Neu ngudi hoc chf tiep thu tn thdc d nhi trudng thi sau IrUdc, IDc ay chl cd 1/10.000 ngudi dupc di hpc, muc dieh trudng se quen di va mau chdng lac hiu Ngudi ta tinh hpo d l lam quan nen khdng Ihe mang cai Iriet 1^ ed lo ring vdi khdi kien thdc cda mdt ky sp thl chl sau nim khdi ay dp dyng vao Ihdi nay, hOn nDa neu hdi "Le" la gO "Van" kien thde dd se trd ndn lae hiu cin dupc bS sung Do dd Daa/w)HEH:s61-2013 viec hgc tip can phai dUpc tiep tuc thudng xuyen, sudt ddi vi bing nhiSu f^uang thdc va d mgi nai mgi lue khdng phai chl d nhi trudng sudng rdt cudc phai ed ky ndng Dng xD l i t gia dinh, nhdm bgn, xa hdi_ - CDng lam viflc vl cde myc dfch chung Con dudng t i t nhlt de sdng cdn, Id hpc chung sdng vdi ngudi khde, II COT TRU THlJ HAI: HQC DE LAM hpc nghe dieu ngudi khde ndi Giao dpc can lap Irung Hoc de lam lien quan mat thiet den ciu hdi lim the nio hudng ngudi den nhDng myc dich chung dS giio dpe vi dio tgo cd thi trang bi c^o ngudi hgc cac IV CpT TRy T H Q TU: HQC BE TU KHANG DJNH kien thdc va ky nang can thiet eho cdng vide sau Xa MINH hay HpC BE L A M NGUdi hpi Oil tra tiin neu minh "biet lim", Old khdng ddng lat d Nguyen tac ca ban cua giio due la giao due phii ddng "biet ndi" Die diem nen kmh te hiu cdng nghidp d the ky gdp vio sp phit tnen cua mol ci the Mue tieu cua phat XXI Uong qui tr'inh sin xuat mdi ididng edn tuyet ddi hoa tnen la sd hoin thien toan dien cua mdt ngUdi ve tam ly ky ning nghe nghiep ma vai tro trinh dd ehuyen mdn- cda vi the xac, tri tue vi tinh cam, thai dd dao dde, tinh than tdng ngudi dddc de cao Do dd giao due phai chuyen td trieh nhidm ca nhan va eac gii tri tinh thin khac Nhiem vu dio tao "ky ning lim" sang hlnh mpt ning lpc chuyen Cd ban eua giao due la mang lai cho mgi ngUdi suy mdn Ning lpc chuyen mdn bao gom th thdc, cdng nghe nghT, phan doin, tinh cam va tri tddng tupng de ed the phit (biet cich lim) vi k^ ning sdng theo nghTa rpng (khi ning trien tai nang eua mlnh va td kiim tra cudc sdng eua minh giao tiep, hpp tic diSu hinh, giai quyet vdn de , sang tao Hgc di td khang dlnh minh la tao sp phit tnen toan dien -) Trong nin kmh te tn thde hpc va lam la mpt, khdng cdn ngudi vdi toan bd sp phong phu eua nhan each tdng tich neng thdi di hpc vi thdi di iam Quan niem ngddi vi toan bp cac hinh thii thi hien minh-d trUdng hgc khdng cdn "nhat nghd tinh, nhat than vinh" mi la "nhat nghe thuit va tho vin can phai ed chg ddng quan trgng hon nghe Imh, da nghe tn" "60-80% dan sd dp tuoi lao cil cho ma hien no dddc dit bdi mot so nen giio due dpng d cic nddc cdng nghiep hoi dang lam viec llnh mang tinh vi Ipi hdn la vin hda Mdi quan tam phit triin tri vdc djch vu - "mp hinh lim viec mdi, ea linh vpc cdng tudng tugng va 6c sing tao cung se khdi phijc lai gii tn cda nghiep vi dich vu, se cin den viec dng dung manh me nen van hda va tn thdc thdng tin, kien thde vi dc sing tao~ Nang Ipe ea nhin se Chinh vi hpc de khang dinh minh hay la hoc d l dddc dit tren nin tang kien thde ly thuyet va thpc hinh ket ldm ngDdi nen vai Ird cua khoa hpc xa hdi va nhdn vdn hpp vdi ddng Ipc ea nhin va cic ky ning tdt ve giai quyet vdn de, quyil dinh, giiu sing kien sing tao vi lim viec phii dUdc dai dung tam, no phai la nen tang cua giao due theo nhdm." _ dfca hai khu vpc niy, thdng tin vi giao tiep VI thl, giao dye ehinh quy phai Ihiet ke chudng Irinh hpe cho ngudl hpc cd du Ihdi gian v i cd hdt de den vdi cde gid vai trd sdng cdn " dp an hpp Iac hogt dflng xa hot IQ nhDng nam dau Tdm lgi The k( XXI vdi sp phal Inen vupt bac eua ddi, bdt dau ID nhQng hogt dflng the Ihao va van hda KHKT vd Cflng nghi, Hpc d l lam khdng phai Id lao ddng Phuong phip ndy cung c l n tgo dieu kifln cho ngudi hpc cO bdp hay d i y chuyin c6ng nghiep dOn Ihudn nDa md tham gia vao cac hogt ddng xa hpi nhdn dao nhu chung "lam bdng dau dc", bang tri tug nfln d lal ca cac cong tay lam ve sinh cac khu nha d chupt, giup dd nhQng ngUdi viflc mudn cd nang suit va hiSu qua cao deu phai can cic k i m may mdn, hogl dflng tQ thifln, Ifln k l hoach gidp dd kT nang tu — kT nang mem ( kT nang giai quye'l van 66 nhQng ngUdi cao tudi ID Ifeh epe- sang tgo, kT ndng thfch Dng, kl nang sD Al cung thay nen giao dye Iruyen thing phai thay doi dyng CNTT, kT nang Dng xQ giao tilp vd ngogi ngQ, kT sp xual hien cua nen kmh t l In IhQc Kiln IhDc eua lodi ndng hpe va lp hpe ); dd ehlnh la cde kT nang vd ddi hdi ngUdi lang len nhanh chang, cD vai nam kien IhQc cua loai ci^a ngudn nhdn Ipc chit iQpng eap ngudi Iai lang len gap ddi; dieu vQa hpc dupc cp nguy eo III CQT TRM THLT BA: HOC DE C U N G CHUNG SONG nhanh chdng lac h i u , phai can b l sung Do vay can phdi G/^0 due ed vai trd to Idn dd'i vdi tien bd xa hdi, giup giii hpc sudl ddi (Lifelong Learning) Ai cung phii hpc, ngudi quyet cic van dS miu thuan mdt each hoi binh, giup eon hpc Ihudc mpl IDa tuoi vay khii mem xa hdi hpc tap ngUdi bie't tdn trgng cac khac bidt, cac gia tri tmh thin eua ddi thay the cho xa hoi cflng nghiep cua the ky trudc ngudi khie, din tde khic Trong thdi dai mdi, vdi nen kmh te Theo chung tdi, nhDng quan niem dan tren day chinh hpi nhip, giao duo lai cing ed vai tro to Idn gidp eon ngudi cd the cung chung sdng khdng bj lac hiu mdt the gidi la mot phin quan trpng nha't cua tnel iy giio dye the kf bidn dd) vi f^it tridn khdng ngdng Npi dung giio due can XXI- the kt eua nen kmh te th IhDu v i hdi nhap Sd dT ndi nhu vay vi nd Ira ldi dupc cdu hdi: Hpe de lam g l ' ndi rong chd y hai van di' hdn Muc tieu cQa giao dye la gi? Va Can lam • Hpc b i l l phdt hifln ngudi khde: xa hdi lodi ngudi nhuthe nao deed the dgt dupc muc dich ay ? ma tra Idi phdl Inln khdng chi ed cdi nSng cDa IDng ngudi, tQng dan dung dQpc cac cau hdi ay ehfnh la quan niflm dung v l tnlt tflc md cdn di dfli vdi c i i chung cua lodi ngudi Do dd moi ly giao dye ngudl, m5i dan tflc phai b i l l ro mlnh, ddng Ihdi phai hieu ngUdi khac, phdi biet phdt hidn ngUdi khde Mdt nhQng nhiSm vp eua gido due Id giup ngudi hpe vDa nhan thQe v l sp da dgng, vDa hilu dQpe sp tuong ddng va sp phy thude iSn cua eon ngudi Ngay mdt em bd Idp m l u gido da phdi hpe edeh ehung sing vdi bgn, vdi dng bd, cha mg, anh ehi em DDa trd hpc mdn Dgo DDc, Ludn Ly, hode Gido Dye Cdng Ddn khdng phdi hpc tf Ihuylt Nhin lgi n l n giio due Viet Nam, tat ea cac nhd trudng vd loan xa hdi dang Iheo duoi mye dich gido dye cido? Hpc de lam gl'' Thl chic mpi ng udi d i u thay Id chDng ta dang theo dudi n l n gido dpe "hpe d l thi, d l kilm mdnh bdng", "mot nen giao dye Qng thf, Cung vi myc dich cua giao dye Id d l kiem mdnh bdng nfln myc dfch hpc cua UNESCO (hpc d l bilt, hpc de Idm, hpc d l chung sdng v4 S61-2013 I ^ ^ ^ v ^ hpc de lam ngQdi) khflng he dupc quan tdm , tat ca cae cdng dogn quan ly, xdy dung ndi dung chuang Irinh, day vdhpc ehfcit tap Irung lam nhdi dupc that nhieu npi dung kiln IhDe d l "Dng thf, " hpc de thi, de kilm manh bang" Vl the iQ elp tieu hpc cac chau da phai deo trfln lung ehiee cap 5-6Kg, hpc hai budi van edn phai di hoc Ihem Mdl quyen sdeh giao khoa lai kem Ihem hang chuc quyen sach Iham khao , md rdng vdi nhieu "bai van mau bai loan mau ", SU Ihieu trung thpe nhu d "Ddi Ngd" da trd Ihanh biln de de'n luc di Ihi thi bao gid cung dd tdi 99% I Nhung thi vdo Dgi hpc thi hang nghin diem mon SD; tot nghiep DH cung nhieu trUdng dgt 80-90% kha gidi nhung x i hdi va cae doanh nghiep Igi khong liep nhan vi Ihieu eac ky nang nghe nghiep cd ban Vi "chu nghla bang cap" ay, nen giao due cang cang chf chu trpng d i n viec hoc de thi v i thi de lay bdng, tham chf neu khdng can hoc md van ehgy duac blng Ihl eang lot" NhUcd nhieu quan chQc di mua "bang lien sT ID xa" d ben My vdi gia 17.000 USD de cung cd quyen iQc vd oai vdi Ihien (nhDng thdng tin tren dd dupc cac bao chf dang lai rat nhieu cac nam qua) VI Muc dfch giao dye la sai lam va dl Igch hUdng nfln da gdp phan d i n tdi nhieu he luy: Tinh trung IhQe bi vd, su xuong cap dang bio dong ve dao dDc d gidi Ire, cac gia Irj nhan van va dao dDc bi bang hogi, "van hoa phong bi"trd nen phd bien 100 trieu de chay chiec ghe edng chQc , Tal nhien cac lieu cue va he luy tren khdng phai hoan toan giao dye, nhUng giao dye phii chiu mot phan trach nhiem ldn, vl tal ca the' hd tre cua mot qudc gia deu phai trai qua tuoi hoc dudng khdng theo ddi mflt each mu quang ^ ' Hpc de t p khang djnh minh hay la hoe de lam nguai: Hidn nay, tdo dd phat triln qua nhanh eOa khoa hoc, kTlhuai vd kmh te nen nhilu cac gid tn nhdn b i n bl dao ion, cdc quan niflm v l dgo dDe, nhan van truyln thing bi xem thudng va d l bi budng trdi, vl vay vai trd cDa khoa hpc xa hdi va nhan van phai dupc dai dDng tam, nd phdi Id nen ting cDa giao dpc, phdi dmh hudng ede gid tri nhdn van, dgo dDc, klnang sdng cho xa hdi va the he Ire., Chdng la Id mdt thdnh vien cOa UNESCO, chDng la dang hdi nhdp vdi quocte (vidy Iham gia WTO), cung cdc nudc budc vao the ki XXI vdi myc tieu den nam 2020 Irfi thdnh mdt nude cdng nghiep hifln dgi, dang can mot nguon nhan luc chal IUpng cao IDe l i dang rd't can mdt n l n giao due ed chal lupng thpc sp chD khdng can bang cap vd diem sd hinh IhDe Tai Chung ta khdng xem cac quan diem Van ban Bon tru cdt cua giao due (The Four Pillars of Education) cCia UNESCO nhu la mot Irong cac tne'l ly quan Irpng cua giao dpc va van dung cu Ihe vao hoin canh cua Viet Nam? Neu can cp the hoa dieu kien Viet Nam thi can luu tam den viec "hoa nhap nhUng khdng hoa tan" IDc la van giD cac ban s i c van hoa tdl dep cua dan tdc cac dinh hinh chien lUpc va phat Inen giao due nudc nha Vi du * Hoc de chung sdng: giup giai quyet eae van de mau thuan mdt each hda blnh, gidp ngddi biet tdn trgng eae khic biet, cac gia tri tmh thin cua ngudi khac, dan tde hrtacnhUng can giao dye idng lp hao, y IhDe lp lon dan toe giQ ban sac tdt dep cua dan loe khong danh mat mlnh Muc dich 1- Co tinh dinh hudng, ti'nh li tudng 2- Thdi gian thuc hiSn dai 3- Tinh rdng idn khai quat cua vaii de 4- Khdng th^ duoc kd't qua 5- Qliu trde phtic tap , duoc tao nhieu muc tieu kfi't hop lai Vi vgy neu ehdng la thay nhQng quan diem van ban Bdn try cdt cua gido dye cua UNESCO Id dDng ddn thi Viet Nam can xem day la mdl cac triet ly quan trpng cua giao dye nudc nhd Sd dT ndi nhU vdy vi: - Triet ly khdng the dp dat, cDng bilt ban ve the'l l^ Id rdt khd di ldi Ihing nhat, khd lam eho mpi ngUdi tdm phyc khau phye ( vi chin ngudi mudi y ); co chf Id cdc khau hieu d l ngdm hay t r i l l li' sudng ma chang van dyng dUpc gi v i o Ihpc lien - cac nude phit tnen ngUdi fa cd md nhilu cudc "hoi thao" hay "tranh luan IDa" ve Triit 1^ giao dye nhu d la khdng'' - Tgi hang vgn eon em cac gia dinh kha gia , em c i c quan chQc hang nam dang dd xd dl du hoc cic nude My, Anh, Dc, DQc ,Nhit, Singapo chic d dd hp cd nen GD chat iDpng eae thpc sp va hp da van dyng nhDng Inel ly giio dye dung ddn'' II- VIEC DAU TIEN LA CAN XAC D|NH RO MgC TIEU GIAO DUC 1Phan djnh Myc dich va Muc tieu Giao dye: Myc dich giao dye Id sp mong muon, la dU kiln v l kit qua dat dupc cua mdl qua trinh gido duo nhat dmh NhQng mong mudn cd linh chat If tudng, la eii ma ngUdi dang hudng ldi, dang phan dau de dgt dupe Nd co tac dyng dmh hudng , dieu khien hoat ddng giao dye mol giai doan Ijch sD nhal dinh Cd the phan biel Myc dfch va Mye tieu qua mdl so dau hieu Muc tieu 1- Co tinh cu th^ v6i hanh ddng va phucmg tidn xdc dinh 2- Thdi gian thuc hien ngdn, xac dinh 3- Tmh xac dinh cua vd'n Ai 4- Ket qua c6 th^ duoc 5- La m6t bd phdn cua muc dich DififmHpCs6^-2Q^3 Trade day d Viet Nam ngudi la Ihudng ndi "Dao tao nhdng ngudi vda hong vda chuyert' hoic "Dao tao nhdng ngudi cd ad tai dUC', hodc "Mijc tidu giao due bao gom cic mit ddc tri, the, my, lao dpng " va d l dgl dupc cac mye liflu ay thi 'TiSn hpc le, Hau hpc van" Song, n l u hdi eac nhd quan 1^ gido dye va cac giio , vidn hieu vd giii thich v l myc tidu trfln nhu t h l ndo, die biSt n l u hdi v l cac kT ndng kiln IhQc va lu trf lue hpe sinh c l n phdi dgt duac la gi, " L l " bay gid la gl? "Van" bay gid la gi? , Ihl chle ehdn se cd ral nhieu each hilu v i giai Ihfch ral khac VI vay viec dau tien l i ein xie dmh rd myc liSu giao due de 111 ca cae cap qudn li giio due, t i t cd cac Ihly co gido vd toan xd hdi cung thdng nhlt hilu dung ddn ve myc lieu gido due tQ dd moi cap giio dye vd todn xa hdi deu nhdm ldi thpe hien dupe mpe lieu ay De iam sang td cac ludn chDng tren, chDng ta can nghien cDu va l i m sdng td hai khai mem quan trpng Chi sd cha't IUdng giao due vd Chi s d c h i t lUdng nguon nhan IUc ddi vdi myc tieu gido dye Bdng Chl s6' ctiS't lifgrng Giao due Vien chien lug-c va chucmg trinh giao due TTXVN S6TT Ten nudc Han Quoc Singapore Nhat Ban Chi so tong hop (ve ch^'t Iirong G.D va nguon nhan Iuc) 6,91 6,81 6,50 6,04 5,76 03:51' PM - Thii hai, 10/11/2003 Sir thao ve tie'ng Anh Dai Loan SnD6 Trung Qua'c Malaysia H6ng Kong 10 11 Philipine Thdi Lan Viet Nam 4,53 4,04 3,79 4,0 8,33 3,50 3,86 6,62 3,62 4.00 4,50 5,40 2,82 2,62 12 Indonesia 3,44 3,00 5,73 5,59 5,20 Trich Bdng Chl s d cha't IUdng Glao dye Iren trang Web Chl sd CLGD - B i o cao cua ViSn Chien lupc va Chuang trinh giio dye (10/11/2003), Day la sp dinh g i i khdeh quan cda cdc to chDc qude t l , vgy c i c chf so dinh gid chdt tupng tr§n bao gdm c i c thdnh lo gi "^ Tgi Chl sd tdng hdp vi chit lupng giio due vi nguon nhan Ipc'Viet Nam 12 nUdc d khu vpc chiu #, Viet Nam va Indonesia cd chl sd thap nhdl d ea tidu chi"^ De nghidn cQu xac dmh dupc mye tieu giao dye, can nghidn cQu cac tidu chl v l chat lupng gido dpc d l iQ dd cd I h l xdc dinh cdc gidi phip nhdm dgl dupc myc lieu, ddm bdo dupc ydu eau chd'l lupng giao dye Ddi voi ihuat ngQ "ehl s l ehit lupng gido dye", chung ta c l n tim hieu sdu v l Chl s l t i n g hpp Ch? s l l i n g hpp (ve chd't lupng GD va ngudn nhan Ipc) cd lidn quan chSl ehe vdi vide xdc dinh vd thpc hidn dung ddn mpe tidu giao dpc Tgi thi cQ va diem sd cQa hpc smh Viet Nam ludn dgt trdn 90% t h l md cac lo ChDe qude t l lgi hg bae chf s l chit lupng GO chf cdn 3,79/10 Nhu vdy rd ring chung la xac dmh myc lieu GD sai I l m II' Trong gido dpc, myc tidu la dfch dat md ta dilu ma ngudl hpc sd hilu dupc vd Idm dupe sau hpc Mue tieu Su thao ve Cong nghe cao 7.0 7,83 7,50 7,62 6,75 4,37 2,50 5,50 5,43 5,00 3,27 2,50 li dan xuat eda muc dieh cudi cdng giio due va muc tieu chung ve dao tao chia muc Ueu trung gian d cae mde khac nhau, roi thinh muc tieu die thu(Pedagogie Dictionnaire des concepts des - F.Raynal & A.Rieunier) Cd the hieu don giin mue tidu giio dye la ChDng la dmh dDa nhQng mau ngUdi cd nhQng Kiln IhQc KI ning va Pham chat gl tuong \a.O * UNESCO de xUdng muc dfch hpc tgp "Hpc di blit, hpc di lam, hpc de chung sdng, hpc de tu khing dinh mmh' Trong khi, nha trudng cua chung lahiSn dang ral nSng ve Hpc de biet, nghla la chf dgt dupc mdl bdn myc dich cua UNESCO • Ngan hang The gidi gpi t h l kl XXI la kt nguyfin cua kinh t l dpa vao ky nang- Skills Based Economy, Wang Ipc cua ngUdi ddpc danh gia tren ca ba td Kiin thUc, Ky nang va Thai dp (http / / www librarything com) Nhung tat ca cac ky ning v l Kiln thQc, Tu vd ede Ky ndng sdng cua hpc sinh Vidl Nam d i u rat yeu kem 'Nhieu nha khoa hpc thi glal cho ring Di thinh dat cudc sdng thi eic ki ning mem chiim tdi 75%, ki (Xem tiep trang 8) sO 1-2013 DlSB^^lH?^ Cai hay cQa IhQ phdp khdng chi the hifln d nhDng net chD ma nghe thuat lai chinh Id chat lieu truyln thdng dupc cdc dng dd nang mu gin giQ nhu mdt thQ bdo bdi Chat liflu de vie't chD cDng da dgng lya, giay do., phpc vy nhu cau khac cDa khach hang Nghe Ihuat thu phap ngdy khdng cdn ch? ddng khung "muc Tdu, giay dd" ma da md nhDng go, da, true, tre, lya, gam Roi khdng phai cQ the, khan xep, rau ldc bge mdi la dng Qud nda "dng dd" ngdy la sinh vien khoa Han - Ndm hay eac trudng nghe thuat Cung vi t h l ma nhieu ngUdi vl rdng, "Phd chD" dang tren dudng trd mol di san van hda cua ngUdi Hd Ihanh Ca mdl phd dai chUa day km, nhDng "dng gid", "dng tre" mai miet vdi nhDng Irang phyc xDa, the khan xIp dua nhDng dudng btjl thang hoa vdi Idi chuc: "phuc", 'loc", "thp", "an" NgUdi xin ehD cung du mpi IQa tuli, lang ldp, mpi nganh nghe, Ngudi trung nien xin ehD "Tam", chD "DDc"; nam thanh, nD tu xm ehD "'Yeu", chD "Hieu", ChD 'Trung", ngUdi cd long trie an, hieu l l xin chD "Cha", chD "Me" NgUdi di Ihi xm ehD "Dang khoa" NgUdi il lull xin ehD 'Tri tue, Ghi hudng" NhDng em nhd se dDpc cho ehD "Mmh" MDng bd mg se id chD "An khang", chD "Hieu" MDng cdc cu khong the Ihieu chD "Thp" Moi ehD Dng vdi mdi ngudi, moi hoan eanh, mdi edng viec, mang ndi mem lam tu tham idn, mot trgng thai tinh than hoSc mot y mem ran mlnh Ben cgnh nhQng net thu phap lieng Viel, de dap Dng nhu cau cua cdc du khaeh ngogi quoc, mdt so "dng dd" cdn sang lao nhQng net thu phap bang lieng nudc ngoai Clio va nhan - Net d^p nghg Ihuat IVldi dip xuan ve, cho du ca nam qua "bdi thu" hay "hao hyt" Ihi Idng ngudi van vui phdi phdi, hp gap gd ma mudn dupc se chia nhDng niem vui, nhDng mdn qua y nghTa Khi ma ngudi met mdi va nggi vdi nhDng IhQ qud iang vat chat thi viec "bieu chD' lai trd nen vo cdng ddc biet Khdng nhDng the, mDng luoi bang chQ se Ihay cho ldi ehuc tdt dep nhat dd'i vdi ngUdi gia, tre nhd Neu cd cdn ban khoan ring nhDng hoat ddng tren "Pho chD" cd phai ddn Ihuan id mdt net van hda hay ddt nang van de Ihuong mgi thl xm Ihua- Khdng phai nhu vgyi ChD cho dit hay khong la ban mudn chon loai giay nao Vdl mdi chat lieu giay cd mDc gia a khac Gia'y binh Ihudng thi chl khoang 100 ngan cdn vdi nhDng loai giay dep thl cd t h l bgn phai tra mQc gia ID 150 ngan eho den 200 ngdn dong cho mflt td giay Cdn chQ thl khdng linh tien Da ndi cho chD ma cdn lay lien dupc Gia ca khdng bi kiem soat bdi bat ky to chDc nao va doi cdn IDy tam ngudl xin chD Ngudi cho chD deu cd cam nhan chung Cho chD cau binh an cho mpi ngudi mdi la dilu hgnh phuc nhat Khdng phai biet chD cDng cd the cho chD dUdc, Ngudi cho chD phai hilu chD va hieu ca ngudi xin chD NgDdi xin chD thi cai sp xin la cdng viec cua tam iinh Ldng cd dQc mdi sang ChD nghTa thay eho Id de ganh vac, de buon chai ma VDOn len cho Ihanh dat chD khdng phai trd xo so elu may Hieu dupe nhU vdy, ngudi eho chD mdi dang mdt chD vd ngUdi xm ehQ mdt xDng hdn chD, bdng khdng cung chi nhD nQdc chay beo trdi Cd dDpc nhu vay Ihi viee cho va nhan chQ mdi Ihye sp y nghTa, mdi dUOc goi la nghe thuati (Nguon hltp,//suckhoedoisong.vn) Muc dfch va muc tieu (Tiep theo trang 65) ning cdng (kign thdc) chl chiem 25% - (nguln (http:// www softskillsinstitution.com/taq.htm) Viet Nam ta thi quan niem ngUpc lai, nen chu yeu la "nhoi kien thdc" mi khdng can ky nang nen ehi toin day chay hgc ehay 2- Muc tieu giao due cac nha trUdng hign dgi Chung ta dinh dUa cho xa hpi nhifng miu ngudi cd nhdng kien thdc, kinang vi pham chi't gi desdng va tim vipc tuang lal ? Tra ldi eau hdi trfln chlnh la xac dmh rd myc lieu giao due Viec xac dmh ro myc lieu giao dye la mdt dieu rat quan trpng va can Ihie't vi nd dinh hudng chidn lUdc dau td giio dije, xay dpng ndi dung chUdng trlnh, chon tgc nPI dung, xic dinh va chi phdi toan ba cong tac quin /)?, dieu hanh eac bac hgc vi toan bp phddng phap day vi hgc Cd the ndi van lal San pham cua giao dye la nang lpc vd chat lupng ngudn nhan Ipc tUdng lai cDa mdt dal nudc VI dy, neu nhD myc tieu cua nha trudng dat la hpc sinh phdl dat diem eao vd dat duoc bang cap thl chT cln day theo kieu doc chep, hoc thudc Idng, hode cho hpc sinh d i n eac Idp chuyen luyen Ihi de nhdi that nhieu "tu" nhim nang cao diem sd va lim mpi each d l ed dDpe tam bang, nhD the la hoan myc lieu ddo tgo ! Cd le viec xac dinh myc lieu sai hodc qud chung chung la nguyen nhdn cua mpi nguyen nhan smh cac can benh tram kha eua giao dye Vgy, myc lieu eua bdc hpc thdng bao gom nhDng gi? Cd nhieu each hieu va quan niem ve mye tieu giao dye, theo nhDng liep can giao dye hien dai , ed I h l tdm t i t myc lieu giao dye d cac nha IrUdng phd Ihflng hidn bao gdm: Kie'n IhDc, Ky ndng va Thai dd (hay Kiln thDc, Ky nang trf tue, Ky nang sdng-nhan each) Nang Ipc cua ngudi hien dupc danh gia trdn ca ba khia canh Kie'n IhDc, KTnang va Thai dp, vdy Mgc lieu cua bae hpc thdng la: Hlnh va phattriln dUdc nen tang tUduy-tri' tug cua ngUdi thdi dai mdi, Nhu vay Mpe dich hay Mpe lieu cudi cung cDa giao due khdng phai Id khau hieu chung chung (nhU Id "vQa hdng vDa chuyen", "cd du tai, dDc", "phat trien todn dien trf, dDc, the, mT.) md phai la cai dfch cy the, cai dfeh ay phai hlnh dung dupe, xac dinh dupc, kiem nghiem dQpe, danh gid dupc Vf du, nam 2020 nudc la trd thdnh mdl nude cong nghiep Iheo hudng hien dai, vay xa hdi cflng nghiep hoa, hien dgi hoa can nhDng mau ngUdi nhu the ndo '? Mau ngudi l y can nhDng logi hlnh kien IhDc gl? C l n cdc kT ndng tu vd p h i m c h i t Irl lufl gi'? C l n cde kT ndng sdng va dgo dDc pham chd't gl '' - - Dd ehinh la ehdt lupng ngudn nhan Ipc xd hdi tuong lai - Dd chinh ii eie tieu chi tuyen chpn nhan sp cua cae nha sin xuat kinh doanh va edng chinh la muc tliu gtag dpc mi cic nhi trudng can thea dudi ... minh day du cho DUC N H U T H E NAO ? mpt sU nghigp hay mpt cong vigc ldn cda xa hpi dUpc Hien nay, tra cDu cae loai bach khoa ID dien chQa thay moi ngUdi tam phuc khau phuc va no nhU kim chi... ''Nha van hda Nguyen Ngpc bdi "Lai xdn xao chuyen triet 19 giao due" - cudn NhDng van de GD hien nay, dong va trdng dpi, thay dung Id chdn 1;? la myc dfch thpc s^, phai lam ddng nhu vay thi mdi... due hign the nao? man ve hieu bie''l, tu vd hanh ddng nhdm Idm cho eude sdng lot dep hdn '''' Hien nay, quan mem chua dung ve "Tnel Ly", nen nhieu ngUdi thay dd la dieu qua ma ho, qua bl hiem va