s6i2 20i2 Dmjyiitifc TINH TRUNG THlTC CUA THAY VA TRO Mgt so'''' van de can ban cua giao due dao difc cr trirbfng hgc ThS DO QUA TruSng phong QLKH&HTQT TrUcing DH PhCI Yen T 6 M TAT Giao due dao diic kho[.]
s6i2-20i2 Dmjyiitifc TINH TRUNG THlTC CUA THAY VA TRO: Mgt so' van de can ban cua giao due dao difc cr trirbfng hgc ThS DO QUA TruSng phong QLKH&HTQT-TrUcing DH PhCI Yen T M TAT: Giao due dao diic khong the doc lap vdi giao due tn tui, cung nhU giao dijc tri tue khong thd tich khdi giao di^c dao ddc Trong ph^m vi bai viet chung toi chi neu d bdn van de nhU: Giao due dao va ddc; Giao dpc dao diic tinh trung thpc cua ngUdi thay; Giao due d^o ddc tinh trung thuc cua ngUdi hpc; va giio due tinh ciim G iao dye dgo ddc khong the dpc lap vdi giao dye tri tue, cung nhu giao due trf tue khong the tach kh6i giao due dao ddc Nhung su tu dudng dao ddc khong chi d mot mon hgc ma ta dat cho cai ten la "mon dao dUe- men giao due eong dart', ma ta't Cei cac mon hpc, tat ca cac hogt dong cua nha trudng, va nhat la ci nhan each, thai cua thay va tro Co nao ehung ta tu hoi: Vi em ta gioi toan ma ddi song kinh te, xa hpi ve nhieu mat Igi the hien mpt cung each lam an khong he biet tfnh loan, ehang han nhu chuyen mla, dudng, tieu, dieu, dudng day dien chang chit., thi ro VI tre em ta cd tinh than ky lugt cao ma ddi sdng cpng dong cua ngudi ldn xa hdi tai bieu lp mgt y thCic ky luat thap kem khong the ehap nhan dupc, xa hgi xo bo that gia iSn Ipn, ky cUdng phep nudc khong dugc ton Irpng'' , Vi tre em dupc day bao phai that tha, trung thi/c ma xa hpi ngudi ldn cd qua nhieu gian dd'i, tham nhOng, buon lau tran lan trd qud'c nan, khdng bie't bao nhieu cupe hgp nhung van chua giSi quyet dupc? CU moi buoi sang chung tdi nghe dai VTV1, phan tin IUe giao thong, phai noi la dn Ignh cS ngudi, tai ngn giao thong, tien phat vi phgm luat l§ giao thdng qua Idn, moi trudng xa hgi nhu vay thi lam giao dpc tdt dupc! The cho nen, th^t la mpt dieu sai l^m Idn lao, neu ta chf tap trung vao vi^c cSi tien chUdng trlnh, n$i dung cSc mdn hpc phuong phap dgy hpc ma khdng quan tSm d^n toan the mdi trudng hpe dUdng vh vipc r6n luy$n nhan each eiJa ngudi th^y, hay ndi xa hon nOa, neu chua b i t tay vao vi§c cSi tign mdi trudng xa h§i, mfli trUdng eac trudng hpc dd quan trpng nhSt la mdi trUdng eae trudng sU phgm, la "id dao tao nhdng ngUdi d^o tao ngudl' Trong phgm vi bai viet chdng tdi chi neu bdn van de nhu: Giao dye dgo va ddc; Giao dye dao ddc tinh trung thuc cCia ngudi thay; giao due dgo dilc tinh trung thyc cCia ngudi hgc; va giao due linh cSm, Giao diJc dao va H^z Ndi de'n giao dye dao ddc, cd ngudi ta chi chil y den dgo ma quen dUe, hoac ngudc lai, eht chil y difc m^ quen dao D i u myc lieu cudi cung ctja giao dye d^o ddc van la cai dUc cCia ngudi hpc Ddi sdng dgo dulc cua ngudi cung co nhdng cap bge eua nd, va co t h l ngiifli ta ehl ddng Igi d mde nao dd ma thoi 06 the tgm chia ba cap dp dao ddc nhu sau: cap thap nhat la tinh hdp phap hay hdp vdi eac quy tac xa hpi quy djnh VI dy nhu dd la su ngoan ngoan, tuan theo mpi doi hfii cila xa hgi,du mudn hay khong mudn, dCi h i l u hay chua hi^u Giao dye dao ddc b cap bae chu yeu la sy t j p luy§n thoi quen ma phuong Tay ngudi ta gpi la dressage, c6n phuong Dong gpl la "Hpc n/H/W/^pcW m0t cap b$c cao hon nda la thd dgo ddc suy nghT, day la giai dogn eon ngudl nSm vQng dUpc cdc quy lu$t cOa \\} nhiSn va xfl h$i, h i l u biet dupc c^c chuan mi/c cila hanh dflng hflp l!?, biet ph€ phan thS ndo la dilng, the nao la sal mi2cd0 ngudi cd t h ^ ndi rSt gifli, gidi thieh rSt hay, khuyfin bao rat cht ly, nhung chua b i l n cdc suy nghT hfinh dflng Dd la giai dogn ma cac nha cdc nha giao dgc phiftfng Tay gpi l a g i a i d o g n e i i a d g o d U c s u y nghT hay Khdng Tfl gpi la "Tn IhiSn m0nh' mde dfl cao nhj(t cung la myc ti§u cudi cCing cila giao dye dgo ddc la tu luy$n ddc tinh Dmfv^I^i va tinh cSm Bfl la gtai dogn ma ngudi bi^n cae suy nghT hpp ly hpp tinh cilia minh hanh dflng, hay xa hon nOa no trd mdt trigt ly sdng cho ban than ciJa minh dd la mflt hf thdng nhdng gia tn ma doi tUpng ciJa nd la toan the nhijtng gi ngUdi da dUde biet va co the bilt, Khing TiJr gpi la giai dogn "Tung tim sd due bat da cu" nghTa la ddc tfnh cua eon ngudi mot da toan tinh iam viae gi thi ch? chieu theo vj chua t l d Idng mlnh, nfl mudn thdi vSy, khdng bao gid vUpt khufln kho dd la thd giao due dao ddc tu trj cao nhat T h l nhung, ddc nao cung phai theo dao ma dao thl co rat nhilu thU dao nhu gia dinh cd dao lam eha, dao lam con,-, trudng hpc cfl dao iam th^y dao iam trd; nghi nghiep c6 dao ddc nghi nghidp- Ndi ehung, efl dao cOa ngudi lanh dao {ngudi cha, ngudi thay, flng chu.) va daocOa ngudi bj lanh dgo (ngudi con, hpc trfl ngudi iam cflng }, dd dao cCia ngudi lanh dgo la quan trpng nhgt va quyet djnh tat cS NhU vay, nhflng dde tinh doi hdi d eon ngudi theo dgo la rat da dgng va vo ciing phdc tgp, NhUng dU cfl theo dao nao chung ta cung giao due cho Uk ddc tfnh tdn trpng ngudt, long nhan ai, ngufli iam chO ban than mlnh, lam ehCi dat nude mlnh hdn la thd quyen uy va sp hai Can phaidaical tam trf cCia minh b vi^c tdng ngay, tdng bude hoan thien va giQ gin nhan each, khflng vl cufle muu sinh cua minh ma iam hgi dong nghiflp va iam khd em hay hpe trd cua mlnh va to! nghTdu efl phSi hy sinh than minh d l gid dupc nhan each cOa nha giao th! cung nen lam Nhu Khdng TCf da ndi "Ngon bdt trung tin, hinh bat ddc kinh' Nhu vay ehi efl su trung thgc cfla ngudi thay Idi nfli va viec lam mdi tao dupe Iflng tin tudng va thong cam Neu khdng, giao due dao ddc chf la su ap dat tU ben ngoai ban than cfla dda t r i TU giao dye trfl di trj va ngufli hpc bat dau hpe tap them thai dfl thfl d, Ignh nhat, neu khdng not den thai dp thu ghet thdch thdc hay chdng ddi Gido due d^o dlJc tmh trung thi/c cua ngi/iri hgc Du di nda, cfl mgt so dde tinh ban than lam can ban eho mgi dUe tfnh khac, va eo the eho mpi thU dao ma ta CO the ren luyen d ngudi td tudi thd au eho den tudi trudng day cac nha giao due gpi la nhu'ng ddc ti'nh can ban, bdi vi mpi thU dgo dUc khac deu thuflc vao chung Khi chung ta den bat cd ngfli trUdng nao, nhat la fl trudng tieu hpe, ehung ta deu nhan thay nam dieu Bae Hd dgy dupc dat d vi tri dgp nhat fl nha trudng, Idp hgc, dieu thd nam Bac day "Khiem tdn, that tha, dung cam" day ehung tfli mudn d l cap den hai dde tfnh can b i n cho mpi thd dgo va ddc la llnh trung thUc va long ean dam Tfnh trung thyc la dde tfnh ldn nha't cua tri thdc, tinh can dam la ddc tinh ldn nhat cue y chf Thgt hai ddc tfnh khong khac la bao nhleu vi xet cho cung tfnh trung thyc la sg can dam cua trf tug, va Iflng can dam cung la sy trung thgc cfla y chf Tfnh trung thpc la dde tfnh can thiet nhal ngudi vl n4u ta khong trung thpc vdi chfnh ban than mtnh thl khong the nao trung thgc dupc vfli mpi ngudi xa hoi No von co san cua mpi dda tre nhu da dupc Gido d^c d^o diirc tinh trung thM'c cua ngi/di tha'y: chdng minh qua eau tyc ngu' quen thupc: "fla dudng hoi Hlu nhu khflng cfl mpt bal hpe nao ma khflng bao gii ve nha hdi tre" The nhung, dda tre rdi nha de den gfim yflu cau dfl phan kien thdc, ky nang, tinh cam trudng hpe thl cfl thd giao dye di tri d nha trUdng iam va tam ly dflng co„ phat trien giao dye cua ngudi hpc, chung mat di cai ddc tfnh cSn ban l y Khi chung tfli den cOng nhu khdng cfl mflt giao vign nao co t h l quan niem mflt sd trudng mam non, qua dg gid,chung tflt phat hi§n rSng nhi§m vy cCia mlnh la ehi ren luyen kiln thdc, chO cae trudng co mpl diem chung la cfl giao hfli, nhat nghTa, chd khflng phSi la dao tgo ngudi Nhung muon thiet tat ca eae chau deu gid tay phai, tay trai dat dUfli dao tgo ngudi, trudc he't ngudi thay phSi chdng to khuyu tay phai, ehua can chu y nfli dung Idi phat bieu, cU mlnh la ngufli vdtday du y nghTa eua no, bdi vi, ngudi lo gio tay cho dOng va du co vfli vang chpt nghT thiy giao la nhij'ng ngudi chuyen chd eac gia tri ma ly dieu gl hay de noi thl cijng khflng dupc phep qu^n each tufing cfla ehiing r i t dfl lay Noi each khac, giSng dgy la giP tay! Va dT nhien ldi phat bleu cung dung mau Diem sy cflng hudng, su tUdng tac gida t h i y va trfl Tdng ldi ehung ay CO phSi la sy chf dao cua nganh hgc hay khflng'' nfli cfla thay la su mdi mpe ngudi hpc phai suy nghT nhu Ngay nhdng buoi le quan trpng nhat nhU Le khai giang, Le tdng ket nam hoe deu eo phan phat bilu cua mlnh, Nhung ngudi thay giao thudng chl chu trgng den eae ehau, cac bai phat bieu la sy chuan bi cua giao tie dflng mpt chilu, tdc la Snh hudng cua dieu mlnh vien (gdm giao vien chu nhigm, td trufing chuyfln mfln va giing dgy ma ft d l y d i n tac dflng ngupc Igi la ngufll cua ban giam higu), cac chau dpc lau lau, nhung ro rang hpcsuynghTnhuthe n a o v l minh, Dieu mdi la ye'u to' eac chau khong hieu gi he't, khflng hieu minh da dpe dieu quan trpng nhlt vl hiflu qua cfla viflc giao due khflng phai gl vl bai Viet dd khflng phai la bai vilt cfla cac em, khflng chl fl nfli dung hay phuang phap giSng dgy ma chlnh d phai la tieng noi eua eac em_Va Iflc bay gifl bit d i u nSy thai dfl cua ngudi hpc doi vdi ngudl dgy, Chflng tfli nghT sinh nhdng thoi xau lam ngan chan sy phat triln blnh f&ng, du chuong trlnh va phuong phap day hgc co tdt miy Chang nQa ma ngudi t h i y khflng cd chQ tam ddi vdi Jhuflng cfla chflng, dfl la sy ddi tra va tinh hfln nhat Sy ddi tra la hanh dflng Ida k l khac blng each che g i i u cai ngh^ nghiflp cQng nhu sy tigp xdc vdi ngudi thl ma mlnh cd thgc va thay the cho nd bing cai ma ngufli lit ca d i u trd vfl nghTa khac mudn de tranh cho mlnh sg trdng phgt hay dupe sy Trong ITnh vgc giao dye dgo 6\Sc thai dfl quan trpng khen thudng Nfl la sg keo dai thai dfl l l y cai tfli I l m nhlt la c l n phSl xay dgng d ngudi hpc la Iflng tin tUdng trung tam "egocentrismcf'ciia tudi tho l u v l ngSn chjn v l sg thflng cSm, Dda tr6 d i n truflng da cfl sSn nilm tin, sg phat tridn cfla thai dfl l l y x l hfli iam trung tam nhung v l sau, nhOng kinh nghiflm cua chung truflng "sociocentrism^'mt trd bSt dau nh$n thdc tU tudi thd l u npc, a ldp hpc nhilu iam m i t dl d i n d i n sg tin tudng cho d i n tudi trudng thdnh M§t khlc, tfnh hfln nhlt 11 4y, Thilu sg tin tuflng d ngudl thiy, ngudl hpc sfl cfim Ihly nhOng d i l u gidng dgy la xa Ig khflng thgc t l , vfl bd 50 thai thieu tg tin, la sg bat lUc, khflng dam ty khang djnh chinh mlnh khdng dam vupt qua sg dau ddn, kho sd Cung gidng nhu sy doi tra, nd ngan cdn sy phat triln nhan each dang bat dau nd d dUa tre; nfl bpc Id sy yeu dudi cfla tam hdn va the xac, khien cho eon ngudi khflng du can dam de chong Igi dp Igc cfla nhDng anh hudng xau Cho ndn, ngudi ta ndi rang tfnh ddi tra va sg hen nhat la bUdc dau d i n de'n sy sa dpa, sg truy Igc va tinh dge ae Vi vay, ehung toi nghT rang bien phap cfl tinh each ehien lupc de ngan ngda tfli ac cfla dda tre la nha truflng can phSi ren luypn tfnh trung thyc va Iflng can dam nhu Idi Bae day " that Ihi, dung dm" bang each khuyen khfeh ehflng nfli len nhQng suy nghT thuc sg cua minh, lay hpe sinh lam trung tam de giao due, thay vi no nfli nhu vet nhCng gl ngUfli khae thfeh nghe Tat nhien nhQng sai iam cfla chung phdi dupc sCfa chij'a, nhung trudc het can iam cho chung tin rang bpe 16 sp that ve ban than minh thi tot hdn la danh Ida ke khac vdl cai ma minh khong cfl, hay khong suy nghT, mflt Ifll thu nhan chan thye khong iam giam di nhan each cfla mlnh ma trai lai nang cao nfl len va xda sgch mgi tdi Ifli, Giao due tinh cam Tuy nhien, giao due dUc tinh chua phai la ta't ca, bdi vi nhdng ddc tfnh can ban ndi tren chi mdi la nhQng ddc tinh cua ban than Theo C.Mac "Con ngUdi li mdi tdng hoa eua eac moi quan he xa hoi', nhu vgy , giao dye dgo ddc la qua trlnh xa hfli hoa eon ngudi, nhung qua trlnh xa hfli hfla ay mudn ed hiflu quS thl nhQng gia trj xa hgi phdi dupe ngudi chap nhan va mong mudn tren can ban ly tfnh va tinh cdm (co tinh, co ly) Ai cung ro rang rang tinh cam chi phat trien dupe theo cac dieu kien cfla moi truflng sinh sdng, cho nen qua trlnh xa hfli hda phai dUpc t i l n hanh theo sy phat trien binh thudng cua eon ngudi chd khong the vol va, ga'p gap dupc, Mfli trudng sinh sfl'ng dau tien cua dda tre la gia dinh, tiep theo la trudng hpc, sau dd la xa hpi Cho nen, trlnh ty eua giao dge tinh edm phai khfli sg tU tinh cam gia dinh, tien de'n tinh cdm vdi ban be, vdi thay giao, cd giao qua cac quy tac hpc tap, trd choi va quy t i c cflng viec, sau mdi nd va phat trien tinh cam chinh trj dd efl tinh yeu dat nude va nghTa vy cong dan The nhUng, giao dye dao dUc cflng dan cQng chua dfl vi nd vUpt khoi pham vi cfla van hoa va van minh cfla nhan logi, Ngoai nhQng quy tac, lugt le, chuan myc qufl'c gia, cfln nhQng quy tae, chuan myc va lugt le qufl'c te, Vi vay, yeu dat nudc la dieuean thilt can ban, nhung neu chf nhuvgy, eon ngudi ehf mdi thoat dupc eai gpi la "egocentrism^' cua ca nhan d thdi ky au trTde chuyen sang mpt thd "egocenlrism^' tren mflt phgm vi ldn hpn la qufl'c gia, dan tpc, Gidng nhu giao dye trf tufl, giao dye dgo ddc cung phdi tien hanh tuan tg theo giai dogn Moi giai dogn d i u cfl gia tri rieng cua no, nhung quan trpng hdn nQa, nd la sy chuan bi cho glal dogn ke tiep Gia dinh va truflng hpc la nhQng eon duflng dan tdi n g h i nghiflp, den qude gia, dan tflc; nghi nghiflp va qudc gla dan tflc la nhQng dudng dan den nhan logi ndi ehung Ne'u giao dye gan eho mpt gia tri tuyflt ddi vao mpt cae hinh thai xa hfli trung gian nao dfl ma xao iang hinh thai khac thl g i l o dgc van chga • dgt myc dfch cfla nfl va n h i l u ddo ngupc Igi cai thang iDrnfytt^ gia trj Dd eung la mpt cac nguyen nhan khien cho giao dye dgo ddc trd mdt thd giao dye dj trj Day la thU giao dye ap dat tU ben ngoii, qua xa Ig, qua cao sieu, vupt len tren nhan thQc va cam xUc cfla dda t r i , Nfi dgt tren can ban uy quyen va sg sp hai, N l u no cd phin nao tac dgng thi tdc dyng ay chl the hien dodn ky eho sg vda Idng, vUa mat ngudi khae, cfln neu no tdn tgi kha lau dai thi chf dUpc the hidn dudi dgng ma ta gpi la "d^o dd'c g/a" Thd dao dQc gia nhieu lgi cdn nguy hai hdn la sg thieu dgo dUc, C h i c chan chung ta khflng bao gid muon trflng th^y thd dgo ddc ay b i t cd ngudi nao, bat cd Ida tuoi nao nhat la trUdng hgc Tdm lgi, giao dge dgo dQc d truflng hpc, trudc h i t la giao dye nhQng ddc tfnh can bdn cfla ngUdi, ta thgt tha, dung edm, biet vd dam tg minh di tlm l l y kiln thdc, khdm pha lay chan ly ChUng tfli nghT chfnh Id dieu ma chdng ta tha thiet mong Idp tre cfla ehflng ta, mpt Idp tre that sg Idnh mgnh ve tinh than va trf tufl, co bdn ITnh vQng c h i c , d l y tg tin, that sg dge lap va tg chfnh mlnh nhu vay, thi cd the hoan toan tin chdc ci tUdng lai tUdi sang cfla dan tflc Cho nfln ngudi xUa khflng phai Id khong cfl ly dUa ba ddc tfnh Id: "Nhan, Tri, Dungf', ba chQ khdng the tdch rdi dupc, dd "Dung"ia cai dung cua nhan each va cung la cai dung cfla tri tue TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1) Dang Qufl'c Bao (2004), Giao due Viet Nam hudngtdi tuong lai van de vi giai phap, Nxb Chinh tri quflc gia Ha Nfli 2) Hoang Tyy va nhieu tac gia (2006), Khoa hgcgiio dijc,