Thích ứng của các nhóm yếu thế qua thay đổi hoạt động sản xuất, kinh doanh và thay đổi việc làm, nghề nghiệp

THICH UNG CUA CAC NHOM YEU THE QUA THAY DOI HOAT DONG SAN XUAT, KINH DOANH VA THAY DOI VIEC L A M , NGHE NGHIEP GS.TS Vu Dung Vien trudng Viin Tim ly hoc TOM TAT Nghiin cim thirc trqng thich img vi mtit hinh vi eiia cdc nhdm xd hdi ye'u the the hiin qua thay ddi boat ding sdn xiii't kinh doanh, qua thay ddi Ihu nhip va mirc sd'ng cho Ihd'y, mirc dd Ihich irng cita cic nhdm niy la kha tha'p Hp khong thay d nhien cic hoal dpng sdn xudt cita minh bdi cdnh nen kinh lethi tnrdng hien d nude ta Sd ngirdi chuyen sang cic hoqt dting kinh doanh de cd hiiu qua kinh le cao chiem ry le thd'p sd ngirdi dupe khao sat Hp cini ye'u vdn sdn xudt theo cich thirc truyin thdng Cic nhdm yen the it thay doi veviic lam vi nghi nghiip Tit khoa: Thay ddi eo cdu vat nudi; cdy trdng; chuyen doi nghe; kinh doanh; viic lam Ngay nlitin bii: 28/4/2012; Ngiy duyet dang bii: 20/5/2011 Thich ling ciia cac nhom ye'u the qua thay doi hoat dong siin xuat, kinh doanh De nghien cthi thi'ch ling cila cac nhom yS'u the qua thay ddi hoal dong san xua't, kinh doanh nfli dung nghien cUu thuc trang thi'ch Ung ve mat hanh vi cac nhom yi'u the, dl tai da tifi'n hanh Ichao sat gSn 2.000 ngu6i yfi'u ihi la nhttng ngu6i cao tuoi, ngu&i mSc benh hiem ngheo, ngu&i tan tat lai Ha Ndi va Da Nang bang phuong phap dieu tra bang bang hoi, phong van sSu, nghien ciiu tu lieu va thong k6 loan hoc Trong phan nay, chung ta se tim hilu su Ihich itng ciia ho qua thay ddi ve hanh vi san xua't, kinh doanh, ly giai ve thuc trang thich Ung va so sanh mUc thich Ung ciia cac nhom yeu the qua cac bie'n so; nhom nghe, nhom yeu th6', gicri tinh va hoc van cia khach the dieu tra TAP CHI TAM LY HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 Bdng 1: Hdnh vi thich timg cua nhdm nguifi cao tud'i, ngudi tdn tdt, ngucfi mtic hinh hiim nghio diphdt triin sdn xudt (S6 lieu chung) TT C^c huat diinti phtit trie'n siin xuA't ryi*(%) Thil b4c Dciu tu cho sail xutl't 20,3 Hu6ng dSn ciii Ikm fln 4,8 Phil trie'n chan nu*i 32,5 Thay ddi ky thuflt canh lac, chan nu6i 28,5 Chuydn sang kinh doanh 12,2 NghT Ciich liim them 1,8 Phan ti'ch sd lieu biing cho tha'y: nhiing hoat dOng san xuJt, kinh doanh cua ngu6i cao ludi thirc hiSn dd thi'ch nghi vtii cuOc sdng thi hoat d6ng phat Iridn chan nu6i chidm ly 16 cao nha't (32,5%), tid'p ddn la thay ddi ky thuat canh tac, chan nufli, ap dung lien b6 khoa hoc, c6ng nghfi vko san xua't chiem vi tri thii hai (28,5%), vi Iri thii ba la diiu tu cho san xua't Cac hinh thiic hoat d6ng quan nhu chuyen sang kinh doanh, lam thdm chidm ly Id tha'p Day cung bieu hien su khd khan viSc thich ling vd kinh td ciia nhiing ngtiM yeu thd duoc khao sal Chung la hay xem m6l sd y kidn cu thd cua nhung ngu&i ydu thd M61 sd ngu&i phat trien san xuat bang each chuydn ddi cay trdng, vfil nuoi: "Cung cdcdy trdng, vdt nudi" (Nam, 52 ludi, liUn ruong Ha Not); "Ap dung sdn xudt vd chdn nudi" (Nu, 53 ludi, hoc va'n 5/10, lam ru6ng , Ha Noi); "Tliay ddi ca che sdn xudt cii dp dttng khoa hpc ky Ihudl vdo cdy trdng de cd hieu qud cao, chung tdi cdn kinh phi"' (NU, 57 ludi lam ru6ng Ha N6i); 'Tim gid'ng phu hap, Idm diing ky ihiiiit" (Nu, 53 ludi, hoc va'n 2/10, lam rudng Da Nang); "Td trdng lua sang trdng hoa" (Nam, 60 tudi, hpc va'n 9, lam ruflng Ha Ndi); "Thay doi cdch chdm sdc vd thay dot gid'ng Ida de cd hieu qua hcfn" (Nii, 84 tudi, khong biel chB, nong dan Ha Noi); "Trdng cdy Idu ndm" (Nam, 85 ludi, kh6ng biel chu, lam ruong Ha Noi); "Thay diii gid'ng cdy trdng, sudiing loqi cdy con, gid'ng cd ndng sudt cao" (Nam, 49 ludi, hpc va'n io, trdng trot Ha Npi); "Thdc khiiya day idm, nudi lieo ldm kinh ti" (Nam, 45 tudi, hoc va'n 9, lam ruong Ha Npi) Mpt sd ngu&i yeu the khac lai chuyen sang hinh thiic mij ciia hang kinh doanh; "Chuyen td vdn xudt sang kinh doanh" (Nam, 57 ludi, hpc van 7/12, kinh doanh Ha Npi); "Con hpc nghe, tinh lodn de md cda hdng phdt trien TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 nhung chua du 50 trieu" (Nfl, 54 tudi, hoc va'n 5/10, I^m mdng, D& Nang); "Co« hoc nghe dien ru* nhung chua cd tien di md qudn" (N5, 55 tudi, hpc v^n 2/10, lam ruOng, DkNang) Anh 1: Sutian trd, lo toan vi cudc sdng cua ngUdi cao tudi Ngudn: Anh internet, thdng 312012 "Md hdng budn ban, dii vg di khong duac nhUng bdn hdng tqi quay" (Nam, 40 tu6i, hoc va'n 12/12, lam ruong Da Nang); "Gia dinh chuyen til: ldm ndng sang budn bdn nhd" (NG, 48 tuoi, hoc va'n 9/12, lam ruong Da Nang); "Kie'm them vdn de kinh doanh vd chdn midi" (Ntf, 45 tudi, hoc va'n 9/12, buon ban, Da Nang); "Ldm ndng nghiep thi khong giau ducfc, nen gia dinh toi da phdt trien ve budn bdn vd sua chua xe mdy" (Nam, 60 tudi, hoc va'n 9, lam ruong, Ha Noi) Anh 2: Suvd't vd ciia ngudi nong ddn de muu sinh Nguon: Anh internet, thdng 3/2012 TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, So (159), - 2012 Qua cSc S kidn cita nhiing ngu6i yd'u thd', ta thSy dd thfch ting v6i co chd thi Iru&ng, nhOng ngu&i yd'u thd da phii thay ddi hoat dOng sin xuJt cua minh dd cd hidu qua kinh id cao hon nhu: thay ddi cfty trdng, thay ddi vat nuPi, ip dung khoa hpc ky thuat vko trdng trot, chan nudi, md quSy hing budn bin, cho di hoc nghd dd lim viOc lim, chuydn sang nghd phu, chuydn sang kinh doanh, cSn cil, cham chi hon Chting la se xem xel sir thay ddi hknh vi san xua't ciia cic nhdm ydu thd theo cac l)ieii sd; nhtim nghd, nhdm ydu thd, gidi tfnh, hoc vin cua ngu&i duoc phong va'n Theo nhdm nghd ta cd sd lidu tai bang Bdng 2: Hdnh vi thich itng lita nhdm ngitdi cap ttiSi ngUdi tdn tdt, nguiri mdc benh hiem nghio diphdt Irien sdn xudt (Theo nhdm nghd) IT Sir thay dui Lam ruong Nhom nghe (%) Lam Vc hini nghe khuc Chung D^u lu cho san xuai 16,3 4,0 Hucmg dan cai lam an 2,8 , 2,0 20.3 4,8 Phat trien chan nuoi 26,0 5,8 0,7 32,5 Thay ddi ky thuat canh Idc, chan nuoi 25,3 2,2 1,0 28,5 Chuyen sang kinh doanh 9,1 3,1 NghT each lam Ihem 1,2 0,6 12,2 - 1,8 Phan lich sd lieu bang la tha'y: sir chuydn ddi hanh vi san xuSt chii yeu nhdm ngu&i yeu thd lam ruong va sti chuyen ddi niiy miic dp ra't tha'p ddi vdi nhdm ngu&i vd huu Chang han, su phat Iridn chan nuPi nhdm lam rupng cd ly le la 26%, Irong dd, nhdm vd huu la 0,7% hoat dpng dau tu cho san xua't, d nhdm lam rupng cd ty le la 16,3%, dd, d nhdm vd huu la 0% O hoal dpng chuyen sang kinh doanh, d nhdm lam rupng cd ly le la 9,1%, do, d nhdm vd huu la 0% He sd luong ciiuui p = 0,000 (< 0,05), cho tha'y su tuong quan giua cac nhdm la cd y nghTa \e mat thdng k6 Su khac bidt xuat phat lit nhttng khd khan ciia cupc sdng Nhdm vd huu da cd luong huu - muc Ihu nhap kha dn dinh, dd, nhdm lam rupng cupc sdng gap nhidu khd khan hon, ddi mai vdi nhttng rui ro cao hon thiSn nhien, dich benh, thi Iru&ng Neu xet theo nhdm yeu thd la cd cac sd lieu dieu tra sau; TAP CHI TAM Lt HOC, Sd (159), 6-2012 Bdng 3: Hdnh vi thich ting cda nhdm ngudi cao tud'i, ngttdi tdn tdt, nguifi mdc benh hiim nghio diphdt triin sdn xud't (Theo nhdm yd'u thd') TT Su thay ddi Nhdm yeu thd (%) Ngutri cao Ngutri m i c tudi benh, tin tat Chung Dau tu cho san xua't 19,2 1,1 Hudng din cii lim an 1.2 3,6 4,8 Phat trien chan nuOi 21,0 11,5 32,5 Thay ddi ky thuSt canh tac, chan nu6i 22,3 6,2 28,5 Chuye'n sans kinh doanh 7,2 5,0 12,2 NghT each linn Ihem 1,2 0,6 1,8 20,3 Phan ti'ch sd lieu bang la tha'y; su thich ling qua thay ddi boat dpng san xua't ciia nhdm ngu&i cao ludi lot hon so vdi nhdm ngu&i b| mdc benh hidm ngheo, ngudi tan tat Dieu la dd dang ly giiii, vi nhttng ngudi mac benh, ngu&i tan lat gap nhidu khd khan hoat dpng lit sinh hoat de'n cac hoat dpng san xua't Do vay, hp ra't khd khan thi'ch iing v6i cupc sdng Bdng 4: Hdnh vi thich irng ctia nhdm ngudi cao tud'i, ngitdi tdn tdt, ngucfi mdc benh hie'm ngheo dephdt trien sdn xudt (Theo gidi ti'nh) TT Sir thay ddi Gidi tfnh (%) Niif Nam Chung 20.3 Dau tu cho san xuat 13.5 6.8 ^ Hudng dan cai liim an 3.6 1.2 4,8 Phat trien chan nuoi 16.0 16.5 32,5 Thay ddi ky Ihuat canh tac, chan nuoi 20.1 8.4 28,5 Chuyen sang kinh doanh 7.8 4,4 12,2 N^hi each lam Ihem 1.3 0,5 1,8 TAPCHI'TAM LynOC, Sd6 (159), - 2012 Ndu xdl theo gidi tfnh (bing 4) ta thSy; sir thay ddi hinh vi dd phit tridn sin xua't ciia nhiing ngu&i yd'u thd li nam gidi cd ty Id ^ kidn cao hon nhdm nii gidi Didu niy cho thi'y, sit thfch ling ciia nhttng ngudi ydu thd nam t6l hon nhung ngudi yd'u thd li nii Didu ding cliii ^ li hoat ddng phit tridn chin nudi nhdm nfi gidi cao hon nam gidi, song sir chdnh Idch giiia hai nhdm khdng ding kd Ndu xdl theo hpc va'n ta cd sd lidu sau; Bdng 5: Hdnh vi thich img ciia nhdm ngudi cao tudi, nguifi tdn tdt, ngucfi mac benh hiim nghio diphdt trien sdn xud't (Theo nhdm hoc vin) TT Sir thay ddi ca'pi Nhdm hoc vin (%) Cip trd Cip Icn Chung Diu lu cho san xuit 4,8 6,2 9,3 Hucfnp din cai ldm an 1,2 2,0 1.6 4,8 Phat trien chan nu6i 5,3 20,3 6,7 32,5 Thay ddi ky thuat canh lac, chan nu6i 6,8 10,6 11,1 28,5 Chuye'n sang kinh doanh 1,2 3,2 7,8 12,2 Nghl each lam them 0,3 0,5 1,0 1,8 20,3 Ty le y kien d cac nhdm hpc vin cip 2, cip trd len cao hon nhdm hoc vin cua nhdm ci'p 1, dd, nhdm hpc vin ci'p cd ty 16 y kidn cao nhit Nhu vay, cac nhdm cd hpc van cao hon thi kha ning thfch ling vdi cudc sdng cung lot hon Til nhien d nhidu trudng hop su thfch ling cdn phu thupc vio nhttng yd'u id khac nhu sue khoe (nhu da phan tfch d trSn), tfnh cich (nang dpng, dam nghT, dim lam hay tri Ire), kha nang giao lidp ciia ci nhan Khi ca nhan cd hpc vin td't hon thi hp cd liie nhin thttc ciic vin dd lien quan dd'n phit trien san xuit IP't hon, lidp thu cac lidn bd ciia khoa hpc cdng nghe cung td't hon Dieu se thuan loi cho su thich ttng ciia cac nhdm ydu thd He sd luong quan p = 0,000 (< 0,05) cho thiy, sir tuong quan gitta cac nhdm hpc vin li cd y nghia vd thdng ke Thich ting ctia cac nhdm yeu the qua thay ddi viec lam va nghe nghiep Cung vdi viec thay ddi, phat trien cac hoal ddng ve san xuit, kinh doanh Ihi viec Ihay dpi viee lam, nghe nghiep la mpl bieu hien khac vd hanh vi cia cac nhdm ydu the viec thich ttng vdi cupc sd'ng Trong mPi trudng sd'ng TAP CHi TAM L? HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 ludn thay ddt vi canh tranh cao nhu ndn kinh id thj trudng thi ngudi phii nang dpng MCil nhttng su ning ddng dd li thay ddi viec lim, nghd nghidp de dip ttng vdi yeu ciu ciia xa hdi Mat khic, chfnh co chd thi trudng cung tao nhidu co hdi dd cho cic ci nhin tim kidm cic viec lim phii hop vdi ning cia minh Trong nhihig nim gin diy, chiing ta phit tridn cic khu cdng nghiep vi che xuit, phit tridn cac khu dd ihi mdi, phit tridn co sd ling da lam cho dil sin xuit ciia ndng dan bj thu hep rit nhidu Nhidu noi ndng dan mil dit san xuit phai thay ddi nghd truydn thdng la san xuit ndng nghifip, phai thay ddi viec lam Day la mpl yeu ciu ddi hdi ndng din, dd cd nhttng ndng dan yd'u thd phii thich ttng vdi mdi irudng sdng mdi Su thay ddi viec lim va nghd nghiep la vin dd khdng don gian Vi mdi viec lim hay nghd nghiSp ddi hdi ngudi thuc hien phai cd tri thttc (hie'u bidt vd nghd, vd cdng viec) va cd nhttng ky nang nhil dinh Diy la thich thttc Idn ddi vdi nhung ngudi ydu the Kdt qua khao sat \'e vin dd phan anh qua cic bang sd lieu dudi day: Bdng 6: Thay doi viec Idm, nghe nghiip cua nhdm ngitdi cao tiiSi, ngircfi mdc benh hii'm ngheo (Sd lieu chung) TT Sir thay ddi \ iec lam va nghe nghiep Tylc(%) Cd thay ddi 26,7 Khong thay ddi 73,2 Phan tfch s6' lieu bang ta tha'y: chi co mot ty le kha tha'p (26,7%) s6 ngucfi ye'u the duoc hoi tra 16i hp co su thay ddi viec lam, nghe nghiep de thich ling vdri cupc sO'ng Ty le ngucfi ye'u th6' khong Ihay ddi viec lam, ngh^ nghiep chiem dai da s6' ngirdi duoc hoi (73,2%) Nhu vay, cii 10 ngu6i duge hoi thi chi CO khoang ngudi c6 thay ddi viec lam, nghe nghiep Day cung la mpt cac chi so phan anh miic thich ling thap ve hanh vi cua nhffng ngucfi yeu the dupc khao sat Tai da s6' nhu'ng ngudi dupc hoi lai khang dinh la hp khong thay ddi viec lam, nghe nghiep? Chiing ta se hieu ro them dieu qua y kien cu th^ cua nhfmg ngudi ye'u the "Vi tudi cao nen chi ldm theo Id'i cu, neo ngudi lao dpng, cdi di ldm dn xa" (Nu, 70 ludi, Idp 1, lam rupng Da NSng); "Vf gia dinh ldm nong truyen thdng, nen khdng quen lam theo cdch mdi" (Nam, 70 tudi, Idp 3/2, iam rupng Da Nang); "Vi sdn xudt theo ccf che mdi cluing tdi khdng du kie'n thdc vd kinh phi de dp diing khoa hpc vdo sdn xudt" (NCr, 60 tudi, lam rupng Ha Npi); "Vi khdng cd dieu kien mua gidng cdy, gid'ng Itta tdt" (Nit, 65 tudi, hpc va'n 4, lam rupng Ha Npi); "Gid roi khdng linh todn ducfc nua" (Nii, TAPCHI'TAM LtHOC, So (159), - 2012 72 tudi, hpc vin 3, Hi Ntii); "Khdng cd ruling ldm, di Idm thui phu thudc vdo nhu cdu thue ciia xung quanh" (Nam, 52 tudi, hpc vin 0, lim rudng Hi NOi) Qua cic •$ kidn cua d tren ta thiy: sd dl nhttng ngudi ydu thd khdng thay ddi dupc viec lim, nghd nghiep li sttc khod, gii ydu, thid'u vdn Chung ta sc hidu diy du hem mttc dd thfch ting hinh vi cua cic nhdm yd'u thd qua thay ddi viec lim, nghd nghidp xdt theo cic bidn sd: nhdm nghd, nhdm yd'u thd, gidi tfnh vi hpc va'n Bdng 7: Thay ddi viec Idm, nghi nghiip cda nhdm nguifi cao tudi, ngudi mdc hinh hiim nghio (Theo nhdm nghd) TT Su thay dui L i m ruling Nhdm nghd (%) Lam nghd khic Ve huu Chung O i llKiv ddi 22.7 3.1 0,9 26,7 Kluiim thay ddi 52,1 9,1 12,0 73,2 Ndu xel theo nhdm nghd ta thiy, nhdm ydu the lim rudng thay ddi viec lam, nghd nghiSp cao nhil (22,7%), dd, nhdm nghd khic vi nhdm huu trf thay ddi It nhit (3,1% va 0,9%) Didu dd dang ly giai dupc vi nhu da dd cap tren ndng dan d nhidu viing hien bj mil dit sin xuit ndng nghiSp, dac biet li d hai phd Idn li Hi Npi va Da NSng Diy li hai phd cd tde dp dd thi hoa nhanh, phit trien nhidu khu cdng ngifip, chd xuit, nha't li Ha Npi Khi bi mil dil san xuit bupe nPng din phai lim viec lam mdi, phai thay ddi cac nghd truydn thdng ciia minh Diy cung li nguyen nhan ly giii cho hien tuong d&ng ngu&i di cu ttt khu vuc nPng thdn ciic thinh ph6 Idn tim viec lam Hp lim nhidu viec khac ttt xiy dung, bdc viic, thu gom phe thii, budn ban cac mat hang lieu diing, lim dsin, phuc vu nhi hang Tuy vay, sd nhttng nPng dan thay ddi viec lam, nghd nghiep dd dd thfch ttng vdi cudc sd'ng thi nhung ngttdi ydu thd chidm ty le tha'p Qua tim hidu chung tdi duoc bidt, yd'u td sire khoe, thie'u vdn vin li nhttng nguySn nhan chi'nh cua mttc dp thip vd thay ddi cPng viec, nghd nghiep ciia nhung ngudi ydu thd He sd luong quan p = 0,000 (< 0,05) cho thiy, su luong quan gitta cac nhdm la cd y nghTa vd mat thdng ke Chung la se xem xel thttc trang qua cic bidn sd Qua sd lieu didu tra lai bang ta thiy: dpi vdi nhttng ngudi cd thay ddi vi?c lim, nghd nghiep thi ty le y kidn gitta hai nhdm ngudi cao ludi vi ngudi mac benh hidm ngheo, tan lit la gin tuong duong nhau, su chenh lech gitta hai nhdm li khdng dang ke Ngay ca sd ngudi khPng thay ddi viec lam, nghd TAP CHfTAM L? HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 nghiep thi ty le y kidn cQng chdnh lech khdng nhidu Didu niy cho thiy, mttc dd thfch ttng gitta hai nhdm li tuong duong Bdng S: Thay dd'i viec Idm, nghi nghiip cda nhdm ngudi cao tudi, ngitdi mdc binh hiim nghio, ngudi tdn tdt (Theo nhdm ydu the') TT Sir thay ddi Nhdm ydu thd (%) Ngudj mic binh, tan tat Ngudi cao tudi Chung Co thay ddi 13,0 13,7 26,7 Khang thay ddi 39,9 33,3 73,2 Ndu xdt theo gidi la thiy: dd'i vdi nhung ngudi cd thay ddi viec lam, nghd nghiep thi ly le y kidn ciia nhdm ngudi ydu thd la ntt cd ly le cao hon nhdm ngudi ydu thd li nam Didu dd chttng td, ntt gidi thay ddi cPng viec nhidu hon nam Day li mpt thuc td d nhidu vung que d nudc ta hien Nhidu gia dinh phu ntt (vp, gai) di phd lim viec lam hay di xuat khau lao ddng d nudc ngoii, nhttng ngudi dan ong d nhi cham sdc cai, cham lo viec gia dinh O cac dd thi, ngudi phu ntt cd nhidu co hpi kidm viec lam hon nhu bin hang rong, thu mua phd thai, lam dsin, lam thue cic nha hang Trong dd, nam gidi chii yeu lam xay dung, xe dm, cuu van Tuy vay, su chenh lech y kidn gitta hai nhom la khdng nhieu Didu dd chttng td mttc dp thfch nghi xdt theo gidi tfnh cung khong khac biel nhieu Bdng 9: Thay doi viec Idm, nghe nghiip cua nhdm ngitdi cao tudi, ngudi mdc benh hiem ngheo, ngirdi tdn tdt (Theo gidi linh) TT Su thay ddi GiOi tinh (%) Nam Nur Chung Co thay ddi 11.2 15.5 26,7 Khong thay ddi 28,4 44.8 73,2 Neu theo bien sd nhom ye'u the va gidi tinh, sir khac biet v^ su thich iing gitfa cac nhdm la khdng ro ret thi xet theo hpc van, su khac bipt tucfng dd'i ro Nhu'ng ngudi cd hpc va'n cao hon thi sir thay ddi viec lam, nghe nghiep cflng nhieu hon nhdm cd hpc va'n tha'p hcfn Nhu vay, hpc va'n cflng la mpt ye'u TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 td cd anh hudng r5 rdt ddn thfch ling cita nhiing ngudi ydu thd dugrc khio sit Hd sd tuong quan p = 0,000 (< 0,05) phin inh su khic bidt gitta cic nhdm li cd ^ nghTa vd mat thdng kd Bdng 10: Thay ddi viic ldm, nghi nghiip cua nhdm nguifi cao tudi, ngitdi mdc hinh hiim nghio, nguiri tdn tdt (Theo nhdm hoc vin) TT Sir thay dui Cipl Nhdm hoc vin (%) Cip trd Cip l«n Chung C6 thay ddi 4,0 7,6 15,1 26,7 KhPng thay ddi 16,6 26,5 30,1 73,2 Tuy chi cd mpl ty le khiem tdn nhttng ngudi ydu thd dupc hdi cho ring, hp da thay ddi viec lim, nghd nghidp Mpl cau hdi dat li: Nhiing ngitdi yeu tliedd thay ddi vice ldm, nghe nghiip nhu thi ndo? Qua xii IJ ciu hdi md da cho ke'l qui nhu sau: Ttt sd lieu lai bing 11 cho thiy: nhttng ngudi ydu the chuyen hin sang nghd khic chid'm ly 16 cao nhi't sd nhttng ngudi dupc hdi (30,6%), xd'p d vi tri thtt li thay ddi sang nhttng cdng viec m i xa hdi cd nhu ciu (28,2%) Mdt ty le Idn nhttng ngudi cd thay ddi viec lim li di lam thdm (28%) Sd nhttng ngudi md mat hing kinh doanh chidm ly le thip nhil (13,2%) Didu phii hop vdi nhirng khd khan mi chung la da phan tich d tren li nhimg ngttdi ydu the dupc hdi khd khan vd vdn lam an Bdng 11: Siflhay ddi vice Idm, nghe nghiep cda nhdm ngitdi cao tudi, ngitdi mdc benh hiem nghio, ngudi tdn tdt (Sd lieu chung) TT Bicu hien cu the cita su thay ddi suy nghi, tinh toin Tyle(%) 13.2 Md them mat hang kinh doanh Thay ddi c6ng viec theo yeu ciu xa h6i 28,2 Ddi sanji iijihc khiic 30,6 Di lam Ilicm 28,0 ThttlU day, chung tdi mud'n phan tfch sau hon sd' nhiing ngudi ydu thd chuydn sang nghd khac Hp la ai? Tai phai chuydn sang nghd khac? Kdt qui didu 10 TAP CH(TAM LV HOC, Sd (159), 6-2012 tra cua dd tii cho thiy, sd niy chu ydu thupc vd nhttng ngudi ydu thd d ndng thdn Sd lieu lai bing 12 dudi day da minh cliung cho didu niy Bdng 12: Su ihay viic Idm vd nghi nghiip cda nhdm ngudi cao tudi ngudi mdc binh hiim nghio, ngUdi Idn tdt (Theo nhdm nghd) Nhdm nghd (%) Lim ngh£ Vdhuu khic TT Sir thay ddi Md them mat hang kinh doanh 10,1 3,1 Thay ddi cdng viec theo ySu c£iu xa h6i 25,9 2,0 Ddi sang nghd khac 23,1 4,4 3,1 30,6 Di Iam them 22,5 3,0 2,5 28,0 Lim ruong Chung 13,2 0,3 28,2 Phan lich so lieu bang 12 la thiy: Dd'i vdi nhttng ngudi ddi sang nghd khic Ihl chii ydu la nhttng ngu&i lam rupng (ndng dan) Nhiing ngu&i lam cac nghe khic hoac huu tri chidm ly le rit thip (4,4% va 3,1% so vdi 23,1%) Nhirng ngtt&i nPng dan phai chuydn sang mpl nghd khic vi hp mil dil sin xuit nhu la da phan tfch d tren, hp mil nghd da gin bd lau ddi cira minh la lam nPng nghiep Trong dd, nhttng ngudi huu trf cd thu nhap dn dinh, nhttng ngudi lam cac nghd khae chiu lac dpng ft hon ciia viec mil dal sin xuat hon la nhiing ngudi ndng dan true lidp san xuat nong nghiep Nhung ngudi nPng dan cung la nhttng ngudi phii thay ddi cdng viec theo yen ciu cua xa hpi hay di lam them nhieu nhil, cao hon nhidu so vdi cic nhdm lai He sd tuong quan p = 0,000 (< 0,05) cho thay, su tuong quan gitta cac nhdm niy la cd y nghTa vd mat thdng ke Qua sd lieu bang 13 la thiy: su chuydn ddi cong viec, ddi sang nghe khac hay di lim them cua nhdm ngudi mac benh hiem ngheo hay ngu&i tan tat ddu cd ly le y kidn cao hon nhdm ngudi cao ludi Didu cho thiy, mac dii cd nhidu khd khan ve sttc khoe, thd luc, song nhttng ngudi mic benh, tan tat phai cd gang nhidu hon nhdm ngu&i cao ludi de thfch nghi vdi cupc sd'ng Chung tdi da chttng kidn mpl sd ngudi bi mic benh ung thu song vin cd ging lam viec dd liy lien chtta benh va lo viec gia dinh Trong nhttng nam qua, nhieu ngu&i lin tat dupc cpng ddng xa hpi, Hpi ngu&i Khuydl tat Viet Nam giup dd dd lam viec, kidm sdng Nhidu ngu&i khuyet tat vdi nghi luc phi thttdng ciia minh da vupt TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 Idn nhihig khidm khuydt cia co thd, su han chd vd site khod dd lim viftc, tit giai quydt nhiing khd khin cudc sdng ciia minh vi gia dinh Bdng 13: Thay ddi viec ldm vd nghi nghidp cda nhdm ngudi cao tudi, ngitdi mdc binh hiim nghio, ngudi tdn tdt (Theo nhdm ydu thd) TT Su thay ddi Nhdm ydu Ihc (%) Nguiri mic Nguiri cao bcnh, tin tit tudi Chung Md them mat hang kinh doanh 5,8 7,4 13,2 Thay ddi cPng viec theo ySu ciu xa hPi 7,6 20,6 28,2 Ddi sang nghd khac 13,2 17,4 30,6 Di lim them 9,2 18,8 28,0 Ket luin Ttt nhttng phan tfch d tren ta thiy; Trong sd, nhttng hoat ddng sin xui't, kmh doanh ciia ngudi ydu thd thttc hien de thfch nghi vdi cupc sd'ng thi hoal dpng phit tridn chan nuOi chid'm ty le cao nha't, lidp de'n la thay ddi ky thuat canh tic, chan nudi, ap dung lidn bd khoa hpc, cdng nghe vio sin xuit chid'm vj tri thtt hai, vi trf thtt ba li diu tu cho sin xuit Cac hinh thttc hoat dpng quan trpng nhtt chuydn sang kinh doanh, lim them chiem ty le thip Chi cd mpt ty le thip sd ngudi ydu thd dupc hdi Ira Idi hp cd su thay ddi viec lim, nghd nghiep de thich ttng vdi cupc song Ty Ic ngudi ydu thd khPng thay ddi viec lim, nghd nghipp chidm dai da sd ngudi dupc hdi Cd sir khac gitta cac nhdm ydu thd ve mttc dp thfch ling Nhdm ydu thd la nhttng ngudi lam rupng cd sir thay dpi hoat ddng, kinh doanh vi cdng viec nhidu hon nhdm huu tri Hoc vin vi gidi tfnh cung cd anh hudng dd'n mttc dp thfch ttng ciia cac nhdm ydu thd Tai lieu tham khao Sd lieu dieu tra dd lai; "Thich img xd hdi ciia cdc nhom xd hdi yen the a nude ta hiin nay", GS.TS Vu Dung iam chu nhicm (2011 - 2012) 12 TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd (159), - 2012 ... chan nu*i 32,5 Thay ddi ky thuflt canh lac, chan nu6i 28,5 Chuydn sang kinh doanh 12,2 NghT Ciich liim them 1,8 Phan ti'ch sd lieu biing cho tha'y: nhiing hoat dOng san xuJt, kinh doanh cua ngu6i... nudi lieo ldm kinh ti" (Nam, 45 tudi, hoc va'n 9, lam ruong Ha Npi) Mpt sd ngu&i yeu the khac lai chuyen sang hinh thiic mij ciia hang kinh doanh; "Chuyen td vdn xudt sang kinh doanh" (Nam, 57... tuong quan gitta cac nhdm hpc vin li cd y nghia vd thdng ke Thich ting ctia cac nhdm yeu the qua thay ddi viec lam va nghe nghiep Cung vdi viec thay ddi, phat trien cac hoal ddng ve san xuit, kinh