Phi Thi Hieu vo Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & C 6 N G NGHE 109(09) 57 61 QUAN NIEM CUA SINH VIEN KHOA TAM LY GIAO DVC TRl/OfNG DAI HOC SU* PH \M DAI HQC THAI NGUYEN VE HQC SINH C6 NANG KHIEU TRI TUE Phf Thj[.]
Phi Thi Hieu vo Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & C N G NGHE 109(09): 57-61 QUAN NIEM CUA SINH VIEN KHOA TAM LY - GIAO DVC TRl/OfNG DAI HOC SU* PH.\M - DAI HQC THAI NGUYEN VE HQC SINH C NANG KHIEU TRI TUE Phf Thj Hieu*, Nguyln Thj Thanh, Ban Thj My, NhSm Thj Phucrng Th^o Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm - DH Thdi Nguy TOM TAT Trong bii bio, cic tic gii da trinh biy ket qua nghien ciru quan niem cua sinh viSn khoa T§m ly Giio due trutmg Dai hpc Su pham - Dai hpc Thii Nguyfin vi hpc sinh c6 ning khieu tri lu^ Ket luin duac nil tir nghien ciiu li: Biiu tupng vi hoc sinh c6 ning khiiu in tue Irong quan ni§m cOa SV la hit siic md nhgt, Cic phim chit dupc mieu ti mang tinh chit tan man, Nhieu pham chal die trung cua hpc sinh c6 ning khieu tri lue da khong dupc chi vi ngupc lgi C6 the noi, sy thieu ving nhUng tii li$u khoa hpc ve ning khiiu, vi tre em c6 ning khieu tri tu^ li nguyen nhan ciia thgrc trgng tr&n Tu' khoi: guan niem, ndng khieu, ndng khieu tri lue, sinh vien, phdm chdt Ndng khieu - la mpt phdm chdt tdm ly co tinh he thong ducrc phdt trien sudt cugc dai, no xdc dinh khd nang dat dirac thdnh tich cao, nhiing kit qud xudt chung bai ngirai a mpt hogc mgt vdi logi hinh hogt dgng su so sdnh v&i nhirng nguai khdc Diia tre co ndng khieu Id diia Ire noi bat len bai nhiing thdnh tich rue ra, ro ret va doi Id xudt chiing (hogc co nhiing tien de ben danh cho nhiing thdnh lich nhir the) mgt hogc mgt vdi ITnh vj/c hogt dgng [ ] Ndng khieu tri tue - la mgt h? thong phirc tgp, nhieu chieu ctia nhiing phdm chdt tdm ly No khong chi bao gom nhiing phdm chdt nhgn thirc vuat trgi md cd dgng ca, nhdn cdch, gid tri vd cd nhiing phdm chdt tdm ly cd nhdn khdc cua nguai [3] Sy hinh va phat trien nang khieu chiu anh huong ciia nhieu yeu to bao gom ca nhirng yeu to di truyen va nhfrng yeu to xa hpi, Ngoai nhung ly thuyet khoa hoe ve nang khieu duac xay dung tren nhii'ng so lieu khoa hgc thyc nghiem dugc cac nha nghien eiiu sir dung, euge song dgi thuong ton lai nhirng quan niem khac ve nang khiiu va nguai CO nang khieu Nhfrng quan niem CO the anh huang manh me den viec phat hien va hien thuc hoa nang khieu eua nguai Dac bi?t, quan niem eua nhung nguoi lam eong tac giao due ve nguai co nang khieu anh huang tai viec phat hien, giao due va boi duang hgc sinh co nang khieu Tuy nhien, hien van de nang khieu o nuoc ta it dugc quan tam nghien citu va rat hiem nhung tai lieu khoa hoc ve ITnh vuc Dieu lam han che hieu biet cua ngucri ve nang khieu, ve nhirng dae diem tam ly ciia nguoi co nang khieu Xual phat tir nhUng ly tren, thang nam 2012 chimg toi da tien hanh nghien eiiu quan niem cua sinh vien (SV) khoa Tam ly - Giao due truang Dai hgc Su pham - Dai hgc Thai Nguyen (DHSP DHTN) - nhirng nha giao due tuang lai - ve nang khieu va hgc sinh eo nang khieu tri tue Kel qua nghien ciru se la co so de de cac bien phap nang cao hieu biet eho sinh vien ve van de Vai muc dich nghien ciiru phat hien va so sanh, chiing toi da lya ehpn SV nam thir nhat (K47) va nam thu ba (K45) lam khach the dieu tra Cac phuong phap cg ban duge su dung de nghien eiiu la: mieu la lu do, dieu tra bang Ankel, dam thoai va sudung loan thong ke de xir Iy kel qua nghien cuu So lugng khach the ciia phuong phap mieu ta ly do: 58 SV nam thu 3, 38 SV nam thii nhat So lugng SV tuong iing ciia phuang phap dieu tra bang Anket la 56 va 41 SV add Tel 01656634388; Email- hieusptn(d 57 109cuyj:5/-61 Tgp chi KHOA HQC & C N G N G H $ Phi Thj Hiiu vd I Phan tieh ngi dung cac phieu mieu ta t^r do, chung toi thong ke dugc 13 pham chat tSm 1^ cOa hgc sinh c6 nSng khieu Trong s6 cd pham chat thugc ve nh^n thiic, pham chit thugc ve xiic cim-tinh c4m, ph4m chat thugc ve dgng eo, y chi Ket qui thu dugc tir phucmg phip niy dugc so sdnh v6i ket qui ciia phuong phdp dieu tra bfing Anket de thay dugc r8 rdng hem quan ni?m cua SV ve hpc sinh c6 ndng khieu tri tup, QUAN NIEM VE c A c PHAM CHAT THUOC LTNH Vl/C NHAN THU'C C O A HOC SINH C N A N G K H I E U TRI TU$ Thong ke nhiing phdm chat thugc ve nhgn thiic ciia nguoi co nang khieu tri tu? dugc SV mo Id, chung toi thu dugc ket qua sau: Kit qud bang I cho thdy: S6 lugng nhung phdm chat thugc ITnh vyc nhdn thiie ciia hge sinh c6 nang khieu tri tu? dugc chi rat ngheo ndn Nhiing ddc diem noi bgt nhu nhu edu nhgn thiic cao; tinh dgc lap, linh phe phan eua tu duy; kha nang sang tao; nang lire ngon ngii; hiing thii voi cai moi , da khong dugc SV nhdn thdy Chung loi eho rdng, su thieu vdng kinh nghiem quan he voi nhiing nguoi c6 nang khieu, thiiu nhii'ng In thiie ve tdm ly hgc nang khieu SV la nguyen nhdn ciia thuc trgng - Nhihig pham chat dugc nhdc den nhiiu han cd la ndng lyc nh^n thiic nhanh (86,7%), tri nha t6t (60,6%), toe dg tu duy, tudng tugng cao (58,5%) Day la nh&ng pham chdt bOc Ig r6 hogt dgng hgc tgp ciia hgc sinh c6 ndng khiiu tri tu? nen dugc SV nhgn di6n mgt each de dang Cdc d|c diem khac nhu: khd ndng quan sdt tot, khd ndng tiip nhgn ya xii ly thong tin nhanh deu chiem ty I? thdp (15,9% vd 12,8%) - So sdnh quan ni?m cua SV K45 vft K47 ve ITnh vyc ndy chiing t6i nhgn thay: Ba pham chat rat quan trgng cua ngudi co ndng khiiu tri tu§ dugc nhieu SV K45 chi hon so vdi SV K47 Id: ndng lyc nhan thiic nhanh; toe dp tu duy, tudng tugng tuong doi cao; khd nang tiep nhgn vd xir ly thong tin nhanh (ty I? tuong ling d nhdm khdch the la 89,2%, 66,1%; 47,4% vd 84,2%; 21,4%; 0%) Theo chiing tdi, tuoi ddi ciing vdi kien thiic eac mon Tdm ly hgc, Gido dye hgc ciia sinh vien Id nguyen nhan ciia thyc trang tren Nghien ciiu ciia chung tdi dugc tiin hdnh tii cuoi thdng ndm 2012, SV K47 viia mdi nhgp hgc Cac em hodn toan chua co nhihig kien thiic ve ITnh vyc Tdm Iy hgc, Gido due hgc - nhiing mon hgc co the giiip cdc em biel dugc nhimg thuat ng& chuyen nganh de gpi ten va nhgn dien cdc dac diem cua ngudi c6 ndng khiiu ma cac em quan sdt thay Bing Quan niem ve cdc phdm chdt thugc linh vuc nhgn thuc cua hgc sinh co ndng khieu tritu^ (kel qud cua phuang phdp mieu td Ur do) Cdc pham chSt STT NSng l\ic nhan thirc nhanh Cim giic nhay b^n Ndng l^c quan sit tot Tri nhd tot Toe tu duy, tuong tugng tirtmg doi cao Kha ning tiep nh$n vi xir ly th6ng tin nhanh SVK45 (N-56) 50 89,2% 12,5% 10,7% 29 51,8% 37 66,1% 12 21,4% SVK47 (N-38) 32 84,2% 23,7% 23,7% 28 73,7% 18 47.4% Tong (N=94) 47 86,7% 16 17,0% 15 15,9% 57 60,6% 55 58,5% 12 12,8% ' i ' Phf Thi Hieu vd Dtg Tgp chi KHOA HQC & C N G N G H $ 109(09): 57-61 Sli dyng cac cau hoi bdng Anket vdi tinh chat bo trg, chiing toi de nghj SV lya chgn phuong dn trd Idi: hoan toan ddng y (HTDY); dong ^ (DY); khd tra Idi (KTL); khdng ddng y (KDY); hodn todn khong dong y (HTKDY) vd thu dugc ket qua nhu sau: BSng Quan ni^m vi ndng lire nhgn thuc cua tre em c6 ndng khiiu tri tu4 vd dnh huang cita no tdi hogt dgng ciia tre (kit qud cua phuong phdp dieu tra bdng Anket) cAc KHANG DJNH KDV& HTKDY Mac dii nhiing trd em c6 nang khieu tri tu§ c6 15 thi thu vdi nhiiu ITnh vyc nhung chiing 74 76,3% 15,5% khdng phii li ngudi c6 ning khiiu tdt ci cic ITnh vyc, d tat ci cic mon hpc Mac dil nang lyc to chiic vi sing Igo thudng hifn di§n d tre em c6 nSng khiiu nhung khong 25 5,1% phii tat ci nhOng dira trd niy deu sd hihi cic 25,8% nang lyc d6 Do ire em c6 nSng khiiu tri lu? c6 hiing thii rpng rai, cd Idng ham hiiu biit vd nhanh chdng chiim 37 25 35 ITnh ban chdt cQa vdn di nen chiing thudng g$p 25,8% 38,1% 36,1% phai nhihig khd khan cdng viSc ciing vdi nhOTig dira trd khic Tii cdn nhd tre em cd ning khiiu tri lu^ 72 17 thudng ndi bdt hon bgn ciing tudi bdi tinh sing 74,2% 17,5% tao vi fri ludng tugng "bay bdng" Tre em cd nSng khieu tri tue khong gap phai bdt 78 11 ky khd khan niofronghpc lap,frongcupc sdng S,2% 11,3% sdng tgo vd tri ludng tugng "bay bong" dd cd Kit qud bang tren cho thay: ty le phdn tram 74,2% SV ed cdu trd ldi phii hgp cdc cau trd ldi diing d cac khdng djnh khae Tuy nhien, tinh chat mdu thudn quan phdn bd khdng ddng ddu Cg thi, 76,3%i niem ciia SV mgt lan niia lai bgc 16 ma SV dong tinh vdi y kien "Mgc dii nhiing Ire mdt mat chi cd 38,1% SV nhdn thdy: "Do tre em CO ndng khieu tri tu? hirng thii vai nhieu em CO ndng khieu tri tu4 co thu rgng rdi, ITnh VUC nhung chung khong phdi Id ngudi co ca long ham hieu biet vd nhanh chong chiem ndng khieu tdt cd cdc iTnh vuc, a tdt cd ITnh bdn chdt ciia vdn de nen chiing thir&ng cdc mon hoc"; 69,I%t quan niem "-Mgc dii gap phdi nhiing kho khdn cong vi^c ndng luc to chuc vd sdng tgo thuang hien cimg vdi nhimg dira tre khdc ", mat khac di?n a tre em co ndng khieu nhung khong cd din 80,4% ngudi duge hdi khdng ddng y phdi tdt cd nhiing dUa tre ndy deu sa hiru cdc vdi khdng dinh: "Tre em co nang khiiu tri tue ndng luc do" Diiu phdn anh quan niem khong ggp phdi bdt ky kho khdn ndo tucmg ddi khach quan ciia phdn ldn SV ve hgc tap cugc song" Miic chenh nhihig dgc diem chung ciia fre em cd ndng Ipch d khdng dinh cua SV K45 va K47 la khiiu vd viec xdc djnh diing ddn nhirng gidi khong dang ki (78,6% vd 82,9%.), han ed the eiia sy phdt trien cac nang khieu, QUAN NIEM VE CAC P H A M C H A T nd phu hgp vdi nhung quan niem ve tre em cd THUOC LTNH Vl/C XUC C A M , TINH ndng khieu dugc mieu ta bdi cac nha tdm ly C A M C U A HOC SINH C N A N G KHIEU hgc [2;3;4] Neu nhu mieu ta ty do, SV TRJ TUE ehua ehi dugc pham chat tinh sdng tgo ciia nguoi cd nang khiiu tri tu? thi trude edu hdi: 'Tir nho tre em co ndng khieu tri tu4 thuang noi bat han bgn cung tuoi bai tinh Chi cd dac diem thugc ve xiie eam-tinh cdm ciia ngudi cd ndng khieu tri tue duge SV nhan dien vdi sd y kien khong cao, dd la: Cdi md 59 Phi Thj Hieu vd Dtg Tap chf KHOA HQC & C N G N G H $ giao liep vdi mgi ngudi (52,1%); nhi?t tinh giiip dd nhifng bgn hgc kem hon minh (11,7%) Hon niia, ddy khdng phdi Id nhii'ng pham chal ca ban thugc ve xiic cam- tmh cdm ciia ngudi cd ndng khieu tri tu^ Cac pham chat ddc trung ciia ngudi ed ndng khieu tri lu? nhu ldng khao khdt hogt dgng sdng tgo; say me eac van de thugc ITnh vyc minh cd ndng khieu; ty tin; nhgy cam cao vdi nhii'ng tdc dgng ve mdt cdm xiic; de bj tgn Ihuong; cd ndng lyc dieu chinh cdm xiic tieu eye hodn loan khong dugc chi Tuy nhien, vdi khdng djnh: "Tre em thuang the hi?n niem dam me ddc bi4t cua minh iTnh v{rc md no co ndng khieu" chiing tdi d5 nhgn dugc 85 y kien (87.6%) ddng tinh, dd cd 39,3% SV K45 vd 48,8% K47 hodn lodn dongy voi dieu ndy Nhu vgy, bieu tugng ve ngudi ed nang khieu tri tup vdi nhii'ng dae diem ndi bat ehua duge hinh thdnh rd net quan niem cua SV thugc nghien ciiu ciia chung tdi, Do dd, yeu eau nhan dien nhGng dae diem ndy, hg cd the ehi diing nhung Iai gap khd khan dugc de nghj ty ggi ten chiing QUAN NIEM VE CAC P H A M C H A T THUOC LINH Vl/C D O N G CO, Y CHI vA NHITNG NET NHAN CACH KHAC CUA HOC SINH CO NANG KHIEU TRI TUE Rat il cac phdm chat nhan cdch khac ciia hgc sinh ed nang khiiu dugc SV nhdn thay Ba dac diem vdi tan sd xuat hien thap dugc ehi cae phieu mieu la ly la: cd nghi lyc (7,4%)^ lae quan yeu ddi (27,6%), chdm ehi, can man (8,5%) Hon nfia, nhfrng dac diim cd the dugc bdt g^p phd biin d nhiiu ngudi khdng phai la ngudi cd ndng khiiu Nhirng phdm chat quan trgng thugc ve ddng CO, y chi va mgt sd net nhdn each khdc ciia ngudi cd nang-^^hidu nhu: kien tri; thudng xuyen hudng den dia vi thii ITnh; theo dudi din ciing mgc dieh ddt ra; tinh than vugt khd va tinh than ty chii cao; tinh cau lodn da khdng duge de cap tdi Khi lien hanh dam thoai, mgt SV da bgc bach: ",,, Thu thuc, chua bao gid em hinh dung the nao la ngudi co ndng khiiu Khi 60 109(09): 57-61 dug^c hoi em mdi nghT tdi dieu nay" Vi?c thieu quan tdm tdi ITnh vyc nang khiiu nhu vgy cd the ly gidi tgi rdt ft cdc dac diim tdm ly ciia ngudi cd ndng khieu tri tu? dugc chi SV mieu ta ty KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHJ Ket qud thu dugc tir cdc phuong phap nghien ciiu ciia chung tdi cho thay: Bleu tugng ve hgc sinh cd ndng khieu tri tu? d SV khoa Tdm ly - Gido dye, trudng DHSP - DHTN rdt md nhgt Nhiing pham chat dugc chi mang tinh tdn mgn Nhieu d$c diem dugc mieu ta khdng mang tinh ddc thii va khdng chi thugc vi nhifng hgc sinh cd ndng khieu tri tu? ma co bien d nhieu blnh thudng ngudi khac Ngugc Igi, nhieu phdm chat quan trgng, dgc trung cho ngudi cd ndng khiiu tri tu? da khdng dugc nhdn thdy Cd the ndi, sy thiiu vdng nhiing tai lieu khoa hgc ve ndng khiiu, vi?c it quan tam tai ngudi cd ndng khieu la nguyen nhdn ciia thyc trgng tren Do dd, cdn tien hanh nhieu hon nhiing nghien cihi ve nang khieu, tre em cd nang khieu de lam phong phii nhiing van de ly lugn va thuc lien thude ITnh vyc ndy; can trang bi kien thirc lam ly hge ndng khieu cho SV Su pham bdng nhiiu hinh thiic khac nhu bdo cao chuyen de, td chuc cdc Hgi thao chuyen di ve ndng khieu de trao doi va bidn rdng rai nhiing thdng tin thu dugc lir nhiing nghien ciiu khoa hge, kich thich sy quan tdm dgc biet tdi ITnh vyc TAI LI$U THAM KHAO Phiing Thj Hing, Phi Thj Hiiu (2010), "Vin de ning khiiu Tam ly hgc", Tgp chi gido difc, s6 248 nonoea n.B (2006) ncHxojiorHfl oaapeHHOCTH MocKBa ricHxojiormi oiiapeHHocTHflejeH» noapoCTKOB (1996) Hoa pea Jleih^eca H.C M.: H3fl-B0 «AKaiieMMa)> 4, medjianoBa E.H (2004) ncMxojiorMHecKas uiKOJibUHKOB: anarHocTHKa oaapeHHocTH npodjieiMbi, MCToju.!, pesyjibxaibi HccjieflOBaHHii H npaKTMKH: npoGjieMbi, Merozibi, peayjibTatu HccjieflOBauHfl H npairrHKH MocKaa - Bopone* Phi Thi Hiiu vd Dig Tgp chl KHOA HQC & C N G N G H $ 109(09): 57 - 61 SUMMARY THE CONCEPTS OF INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED CHILDREN IN STUDENTS OF PEDAGOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY FACULTY OF COLLEGE OF EDUCATION - THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY Phi Thi Hieu*, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Ban Thi My, Nham Thi Phuong Thao College of Education - TNU In the paper, the authors present the resuUs of research concepts in students - College of Education - Thai Nguyen University of gifted children Conclusions drawn from the study: Icon of gifted students in the intellectual conception of students is very faint These qualities are described in anecdotal nature Many quality characteristics of gifted students were not only intellectual and vice versa Key words: concepts, gifted, intellectual gifted, student, quality Ngdy nhgn bdi: 03/5/2013; Ngdy phdn bi4n: 14/5/2013: Ngdy duy?! ddng- 02/10/2013 Phdn biin khoa hoc: TS Phiing Thi Hdng - Trudng Dgi hgc Suphgm - DH Thdi Nguyen Tel 01656634388: Email, hie ... bfing Anket de thay dugc r8 rdng hem quan ni?m cua SV ve hpc sinh c6 ndng khieu tri tup, QUAN NIEM VE c A c PHAM CHAT THUOC LTNH Vl/C NHAN THU''C C O A HOC SINH C N A N G K H I E U TRI TU$ Thong... nhgn dien cdc dac diem cua ngudi c6 ndng khiiu ma cac em quan sdt thay Bing Quan niem ve cdc phdm chdt thugc linh vuc nhgn thuc cua hgc sinh co ndng khieu tritu^ (kel qud cua phuang phdp mieu... nang khieu, QUAN NIEM VE CAC P H A M C H A T nd phu hgp vdi nhung quan niem ve tre em cd THUOC LTNH Vl/C XUC C A M , TINH ndng khieu dugc mieu ta bdi cac nha tdm ly C A M C U A HOC SINH C N A