GIJiNG DAY Sjf KIEN NGUYh TAT THANH Dl TIM D H O N G CllU NUttl TRONG B 6 I ( M H HOI NHAP QUOC TE HIEN NAY TS TRAN QUOC TUAN* Trong chudi nhifng su kien lien quan de''''n qui trinh tim dudng cuu nude va[.]
GIJiNG DAY Sjf KIEN NGUYh TAT THANH Dl TIM DHONG CllU NUttl TRONG B I ( M H HOI NHAP QUOC TE HIEN NAY TS TRAN Q U O C TUAN* T rong chudi nhifng su kien lien quan de'n qui trinh tim dudng cuu nude va sang lap Dang Cdng san Viet Nam cua lanh tu Nguyin Ai Qudc, sukien Nguyin Tat Thanh ditim dudng cuu nude, 5/6/1911 la mpt sukien cdtinh chat "cich man^', tac ddng to Idn khdng chidd'l vdi ban than ngudi nien yeu nude Nguyin Tat Thanh, mica toan bd tie'n trinh each mang Viet Nam ve sau De'lam nd'i bat tam quan trpng cua su kien, giao vien (GV) can chu y tdi viee phan tich ve ddng ca, muc dich, budng dl va phuang thue di cua Ngudi ed gi khac vdi nhifng thehe tmdc day; tddd, khang djnh tinh dung dan, nhay ben, sang sud't quyet djnh ciia ngudi nien tre tud'i • Nguyin Tat Thanh Ve dong ca, muc dich di tim dudng ciru nuac cua Nguyin Tat Thanh Tirtmde tdi nay, giang day van de nay, G V thudng chii y de'n viec chifng minh eho ngudi hpe nhan thdc dupe tinh sing, dung dan ddng ea, muc dich nude ngoai cua Nguyen Tat Thanh; bae bd nhung luan dieu xuyen tac eho ring, ddng ea nude ngoai eua Ngudi la ngudi cha cda minh - Nguyin Sinh sic, bj each chuc, ddng thdi de'tim dudng edng danh chdn quan tmdng eho rieng ban than Bing nhung sukien ljch sukhach quan, chung ta cdday du bing chdng debae bd hoan toan nhifng luan dieu sai trai, cd dung y khdng tdt tren eua mdt sd nha nghien cdu nude ngoai va mdt vai ke xa'u mudn phu nhan, xuyen tac dpng cara ditim dudng cdu nude cua Ngudi Trong bd'i canh dat nude dang hdi nhap qud'c te sau rdng nhu hien nay, GV can hudng dan cho hpc sinh (HS) nhan thdc dupe ring, ben canh muc dich tim dudng giaiphdng dan tda, su dl eua N gudi cdn nhim hudng tdi mgt nin vin minh mdi - van minh kTthuat, mong mudn hpe hdi nhifng "ciihay", "tien bg"ciia nen van minh dd, de ve giai phdng va xay dung dait nude, dem lai cudc sd'ng am no, tu do, hanh phue eho ddng bao chien dudi nhieu hinh thdc khic nhau, nhung eud'i eiing deu that bai Cich mang Viet Nam lam vao tinh trang khung hoang ve dudng ldi, ve giai cap lanh dao Trude bd'i canh dd, nhieu ngudi Viet Nam dl tim dudng giai phdng din tdc, dd ed Nguyin Tat Thanh Trong hanh trang cila nhifng ngudi di tim dudng cifu nude luc bay gid deu cd mdt die'm chung, dd liidng yeu nude sau sic, vdiy chi quye't tam danh dud'i thue dan Phap Nhung, d Nguyen Tat Thanh, ngoai Idng yeu nude, y ehi danh Phap, gianh dpe lap dan tdc, edn la tinh cam yiu nude gin lien vdi Idng thuang yiu dan tha thiit Dieu dan de'n viee lua ehpn dudng euu nude dung din eho each mang Viet Nam sau Trong nhifng ngudi yeu nude khac nhu Tdn That Thuye't, Hoang Hoa Thim, Phan Bdi Chau, dit mue tieu danh dud'i thue dan Phap, gianh ddc lap dan tpc, sau dd khdi phue lai ehedd phong kie'n, hoac thie't lap chedd quan ehu lap hien, eao ban la che dp cdng hda tu san thi Nguyen Ai Qud'c tddau da xac djnh muc tieu nha't quan, xuyen sudt cude di cda Ngudi la phai tim dudng de vda giinh dugcdgciapeho Toquie, vda mang laitudovi hanh phue cho nhin dan Trong sudt hanh trinh tim dudng cifu nude (19111920), Ngudi "khdng cd mdt phut nio quin Toquie minh dang bigiiyxeo vi dong bio minh dang bi ip bdd (1; tr.68) Vdi Idng yeu thuang ddng bao vd han, de'n bat cu nai dau tren trai dat nay^ chdng kie'n nhifng canh ddi bat hanh, khddau, Nguyin Tat Thanh deu lien tudng, nhdvenhan dan Viet Nam.OenOleca, ehung kie'n canh nhifng ngudi da den bi bpn Phap bit nhay xud'ng bien lue sdng dang rat Idn, Ngudi da khdc, nhdial canh tupng tmdc day da tin mit thay d PhanRang:BgnPhipcudisicsua khidong bao ta chit duoi vi chung nd(^•, tr.40-41) Hay nhu tdi nude MT, can canh nhung manh ddi dau khdcua ngudi da den vanhan dan lao ddng ngheo dnudc nay, Nguyin Nhifng nim dau the'ki XX, tmdc hpa ngoai xam, cac thehe cha anh da dung len thuc hien cudc khang ' Khoa licli sif, Tnroing Dai lipc Quy NliDii (ki2-1/2014) Tap chi Gido due so 326 37 Tat Thanh da so sanh hp vdi ngudi dan Viet Nam va thp thuyen Lien he vdi tinh hinh Viet Nam, Ngudi Tddd, Ngudi nhan thay dii mau da khac nhau, du sd'ng ket luan "Chicd eieh menh Nga li da thinh cdng va mdt nude da gianh dupe ddc lap ban 100 nam thinh cdng din naF (2; tr.282), mang lai hanh phue va la nude tu ban phat trie'n, nhung ngudi dan MT thuc su cho ngudi dan Vi the, thing 7/1920, dpe van khdng sung sudng, hanh phue; tham chi cdn dau dupe So thao lan thu nhait nhung luan euang ve van kho ban nhieu te phan biet chdng toe d i lan tran de din toe va van de thupe dja cua Lenin ding tren khip dat nude Sang nude Anh, dpe dupe tin bao Nhan dao, ngudi da khing djnh "Biy li cii can tren bao ve viee thj tmdng Code - mpt nha yeu nude thiit cho chiing ta, dayli dudng giaiphdng chiing cua Alxolen, tha tuyet thuc eho de'n chet ehunhat djnh ta" (2; tr.283) va xac djnh "Con dudng eiru nude va khdng dau hang thuc dan Anh, Nguyen Tat Thanh da giai phdng din tdc cua nhan dan Viet Nam li eon rat cam ddng va nghT de'n tam guang hi sinh eua Td'ng dudng cich mang vd sari' (3; tr.187) Duy Tan "Viich^edn han dau hin^.Hgudina: "Chiing Nhuvay, vdi Idng yeu nude, thuang dan ndng nan, ta eung thi (tuc Viet Nam), chung ta cung ed nhiing Nguyen Tat Thanh - Nguyin Ai Qud'c da de'n vdi ehu ngu& can dim nhu dng thj tardng Codd'va khing nghTa Mac-Lenin va tim dudng each mang dinh: "Ciichitcua hglim cho Toquoesongtai idng dung din, ehan li eua thdi dai; ddng thdi, trung can dam eua hg bat diif (1; tr.52 - 53) vdi eon dudng vd san - eon dudng mang lai khdng ehi Khoang thdi gian boat ddng d Phap, Nguyin Tat ddc lap cho dan tdc, ma edn mang lai tu do, hanh Thanh khdng bao gidquen muc dich di eua minh la phue, no am eho nhan dan ta Cd dupe qua dd, "vi thuang darl' Ngudi da tan dung tateacaediln dan, nguyen nhin dau tien chinh la Ngudi xie djnh dupe phuong tien de ndi len tinh canh eua ngudi dan Viet ddng co, muc dich nude ngoai dung din Sura di Nam dudi che dp thd'ng trj cua thuc dan Phap Trong dd, khdng ehi dan thuan li tim dudng cdu nude, ma eude tranh luantaiOangXahdiPhip, Ngudi tifng phat edn la hgc hoi, tiip thu nhifng thinh tuu ciia thdi dai, bleu:" Tai tranh luan nhieu thi? Trong luc cic banciia the'gidi dixiy dung dat nude, mang lai cudc sdng tranh luan ddiy, Vii ddng bao chiing tdi dang rin xiitdhanh phue, sung sudng cho nhan dan Bai hpe dd Viet Nam" (1; tr.90) Va, nu ddng ehi Rddo - tdc ki that cd y nghTa dd'i vdi the he tre eua Oai hdi lan thuXVIII eua Dang Xahdi Phap hdi: Ta; Ve hudng di tim duang cuu nude ciia ddng chilaibophiiu eho Qudc tithu3', Nguyen Ai Nguyen Tat Thanh Qudc d i tra ldi: "Rat dan gian Tdi khdng hiiu chi ndi Tuluc thuc dan Phap xam lupc nudeta eho de'n 20 thi nao li chiin luge, chiin thuat vd san vi nhiiu diim nam dau eiia the'ki XX, tmdc nhung that bai eua phong khie Nhung tdi hieu rd mdt dieu Quoc tithdS nasi trio dau tranh chdng Phap, da ed ngudi nude ngoai giup ddcie dan tdc blip bdc giinh laitudovi ddc lap mong tim su giup dd eua ehinh phu cic nude eho su ctia hg Cdn Qudc tithu2 khdng henhie din van nghiep danh dud'i thuc dan Phip, giai phdng dan tpc minh cic thude dja Vi viy, tdidibophiiu tin thinh Nhung nim 1886-1887, Tdn That Thuyet, rdi Nguyin Quoc tithd3 Tudo cho dong bio tdi, dgc lap eho ToThien Thuat sang Tmng Qudc cau vien ehinh phu Man quoc tdi, day la ^tea nhung diiu tdi mudn; dayli tateaThanh Sau dd, nim 1905, Phan Bdi Chau vdi quan nhdng diiu tdihiiif (1; tr.93-94) niem "dong vin, ding chun^, da sang Nhat Ban Tren lap trudng thuang dan, yiu nude, Nguyin nude dupe xung la "an/? ei' cda gidng da vang, vda tien Tat Thanh da tim hieu sau sac cae cudc each mang hanh Duy tan dait nude cdng va thing Ipi vang tieu bleu tren the'gidi tdtmde eho tdi bay gid (dau the dpi eude chien tranh Tmng - Nhat (1894-1895) kl XX) Sau nghien edu kT, Ngudi da de cao tu va Nga - Nhat (1904-1905) de eau vien ve vu va tudng tu do, binh ding, bic va quyen ngudi sau dd la cau hpe Thanh qua ma nhiing vj tien bd'i tren cua eae cudc each mang tu san MT va Phap, kham ed dupe ehi la tam Idng tmng nghTa vdi To qud'c, vdi phue y chi each mang eua nhan dan nhung nude nhan din Cai dich eud'i cung khdng dat tdi dupe nay; nhien, Ngudi lai phe phan tinh thieu triet de, Con dudng cdu nude kieu cu eua cie vi tien bd'i nua vdi cua cae cude each mang tu san (mac dau "ratkhim phue cic vjaf (1; tr.16)), hudng odi vdi Cach mang thing Mudi Nga, Nguyin Ai di sang phuang Odng, khdng the'dua de'n cdng, Qud'c da cd su ngudng md va quan tam tim hie'u Nguyin Tat Thanh da tuthan phd djnh nd Ngudi Ngudi nhan tha'y, sau each mang, mdt nha nude cda hie'u dupe thuc te eua dat nude, thaiy rddieu dait nude, dan, dan va vi dan da dupe lap; tu lieu san nhan dan dang can, song chua hie'u ve nhan dan, ve xuait td mdng dat, edng xudng deu giao eho dan cay van minh Phap vacac nude phuang Tay Vivay,nhung 38 Tap chi Gido due so 326 (ki2-1/2014) phuang i n d i dupe dua eho Nguyin Tat Thanh hpe hdi, kethua, ap dung nhung tuu khoa hpc lua ehpn: Hoac di nude ngoii ditim dudng edu tien tie'n nhait, dam bao eho muc tieu dua nude ta trd nude hoac dial nude dau tranh; disangnude nude cdng nghiep vao nam 2020 Ve phuang thuc di tim dudng cuu nude Nhat hay nude Phip Mdt suquyet djnh dung din liie khdng chi anh hudng tdi ban than ma ca dan tdc cua Nguyen Tat Thanh Hanh trang di cua Nguyen Tit Thanh liie bay Va Ngudi da quye't djnh di theo mdt hudng khac sang phuang Tay Tra Idi nha vin My Anna Lui gidehi edta'm Idng yeu nude, thiet tha mudn giai phdng Stordng, Ngudi ndi rd: "Nhandan Viet Nam, dat nude, ddng bao khdi cude ddi nd le Han nifa, cd dng cu thin sinh tdi, luc niy thudng tu hdi nhauNgudi cd mdt vd'n Han hpc kha tinh thdng va trinh dp li ngudi se giiip m inh thoit khdi ieh thdng tri ciia Tay hpc du mdi dbae tieu hpe nhung lai ham hieu biet, Phip Ngudi nghTIi Anh, cd ngudi lai cho li ML ed ehi tu hpe va tu nudi sdng bing hai ban tay lao Tdi tha'y phai di nude ngoii xem eho rd Sau dpng nen eung nhanh chdng nang cao dupe trinh xem xet hg lim in sao, tdi si trd vi giiip ddng bao dp Vdi eai vd'n ban dau di tim dudng cuu nude, tdi"(3; tr.142) Ngudi mudn sang Phap, "mudn iam Nguyin Tat Thanh da trai qua bao nhieu gian khd, quen vciinin vin minh Phip, muon tim xetn nhung vupt qua djnh kie'n dd'i vdi viec "lim cii nghe lao ddng gian dang sau ba chdPhip: Tudo - Binh ding - Bic khd nhgd de khdng nghe Idi khuyen "bd nghe niy ii" Do dd, nhung nim dau the ki XX, d tud'i dL chgn mdt nghi khie, danh gii hari'ciia BuiQuang nien, lue nhifng nien Viet Nam eung Chieu (1 ;tr.26) Bing lao ddng vasi/nd lire eua minh, Ida tud'i dang say sua vdi phong trao Ddng Du, sang Nguyin TaitThanh quye't tam dat dupe muc dich "trd Nhat Ban hpe tap; thi Nguyin Al Qud'c da khudetusu ve giiip ddng bao" chd khdng phai nude ngoai de lua ehpn eiia Phan Bdi Chau dd'i vdi minh va rdi To kiem sdng va edng danh cho rieng minh Bing qud'c di ve phia Tay, khdng dl theo dudng mon phuang thue dd, Ngudi da lam nen chien tich la tim eua eic bac tien bd'i, ma ehpn eho minh budng di mdi dupe eon dudng cuu nude, cuu dan dung din Tren toan bp hanh trinh, Nguyen Tat Thanh lam - mdt hudng di khac hoin toin vichi'tso vdi trude day l i sang phuang Tay Dd la "mdt quyit dinh dung mpi viee desdng, de di v i hpe tap Tulam phu bep tren dvio thdidii'm can quyit djnh' (4) Va dieu ed y nhung eon tau Latuso Torevin va phue vu tren nhung nghTa Idn lao khdng chi dd'i vdi ban than Ngudi ma dd'i chie'e tau hang cda hang van tai hop nha't eua Phap, vdi ca dan tdc Viet Nam Hon nua, Ngudi xua't duang den lam vudn, cio tuyet m dt trudng hpc, rdi ddt Id, la de'tim "con dudng, cich thud" ehu khdng phai "cauthp rua anh Mac dii lao ddng rait vat va nhung Ngudi viin hay nhd vi, de' danh dud'i thue dan Phip, giai chua bao gid nan chi vabudng lai hpc hdi, khao sat tinh phdng dan tdc, dem lai hanh phue, am nothucsucho hinh cie nude De'n bat ki mdt qud'c gia nao, nhait la nhan dan Viet Nam Vathirctecho tha'y, tdnam 1911 Phip va Anh, Nguyin Tait Thanh chu trpng viee hpe de'n nam 1920 la thdi gian Nguyin Ai Qud'c tap trung ngoai ngii, rdi tim bieu ve tmyen thd'ng vin hda, eude nghien cifu, hpe tap, khao sat, tim kie'm, lua ehpn sd'ng va thai dp eua ngudi dan nude Thdng qua lao dudng eieh mang nhim dat dupe mue tieu tdi thuong ddng, Ngudi gan gui vdi cudc sd'ng cua nhin din lao la ddc lap eho din toe, tu eho nhan dan va xay ddng, hie'u dupe ndi thd'ng khd, nguyen vpng, eiing nhu dung dat nude giau manh sinh vai vdi eic eudng qud'c yehi, nang luc ciia hp Cdthai dp ehia se, ddng cam vdi nhung ngudi cung canh ngp tren khip the'gidi Cung nim chau Khi giang day ve quyet dinh eua Nguyin TaitThanh ehinh tudd, d Ngudi da sinh "ythuo visucan thiit lua chpn hudng ditim dudng edu nude sang phuang phaidoin kit nhung ngudibjip bue dida'u tranh chaig fay, GV can nha'n manh: dayli mdt quyit djnh hit mdt ke thii chung, ciing thuc hien mdt nguyin sdc khd khin, nhung la quyit djnh that sing sud't, vgng ehung- dgc lap, tudd' (3; tr.143) diing din Bdi, Ngudi lua chpn hudng di khdng dan Vdi tam hieu biet rpng Idn va vd'n thue tiln sau sic thuan la vi no" khac trudd", ma cdn hudng tdi nen vin nhdkinh qua thue tien dnhieu nai tren thegidi, Nguyin minh eua thdi dai - van minh kTthuat, vin minh cdng Tait Thanh da sdm hinh nhan thue mdi so vdi nghi§p; kethda nhifng tuu cua nen van minh cae nha yeu nude tien bd'i va cung thdi Trong dd ed dd phue vu eho edng cupc giai phdng To qud'c va nhifng van de he't sdc cu the, gan gui va cd y nghTa vdi dem lai hanh phue cho nhan dan Ngay nay, dat nude each mang Viet Nam Od la viee Ngudi nhan rd dd'i dang tie'n hanh su nghiep edng nghiep hda - hien dai tupng eua cich mang the'gidi la ehii nghTa de qud'c hda; vdi phuang cham di tit, ddn dau, chiing ta phai (Xem tiep trang 43) Tap ehi Gido due so 326 39 (ki2-1/2014) phit hien van de va giai quyet vin de bing each quan sit, dudoin, kiem thuva khang djnh Trong day hpe loan, neu sudung PMDH detao cae md hinh ddng va ble't khai thae, sd dung hpp li, dung liie, dung cudng dp, cae dang md tiinh dd se gdp phan tich cue hda HO nhin thue cila HS, giiip HS vupt qua dupe eic ehudng ngai eic thao tie tu giua cai eu the'vdi cii truu tupng; tudd, nang cao hieu qua day tipe mdn Toin dtrudng THPT.Q Hinh Tai lieu tliam khao NguySn Ba Kim Phmmg phap day hoc mSn Toan NXB Dai hpe supham, H 2005 Trjnh Thanh Hai - Tran Viet Circrng - Trjnh Thi Phirang Thao Giao trinh Ung dung tin hoc day hoc toan NXB Gido due Viet Nam, H 2013 John Olive, implications of Using Dynamic Geometry Technology for Teaching and Learning Portugal, 2000 SUMMARY Khi khai thae cac PMDH va md hinh ddng se dat dupe mue tieu kep: • GV cd mpt cdng cu manh de tmyen tai ndi dung bai hpc; - H S ed ea hpi tie'p can BT, Giang day Sir kien Nouyen Tit Thanh (Tiep theo trang 39) thue dan, khdng phan biet mau da Oieu niy, khac biet vdi nhin thuc ve ban chat ehu nghTa tu ban cua Phan Bdi Chau va Phan Chau Trinh eung eic nhi yeu nude duong thdi Odng thdi, Nguyen Ti't Thanh eung sdm nhan thuc rd, chinh nhan dan lao ddng d eac thupe dja va chinh qud'c la luc lupng ea ban eua eich mang the'gidi Tudd, Ngudi hieu rd eieh mang la nhu cau ti't ye'u eua hp; v i nhin thuc duqc kha nang va dieu kien de thie't lap khd'i lien minh giua nhan dan Viet Nam vdi eic din tpc bj ap bue tren the'gidi cudc di'u tranh gianh ddc lap dan tdc minh Day la van de quan trpng, cd y nghTa to Idn dd'i vdi each mang Viet Nam, vi theo Ngudi "Khdng ed mdt sue manh thing nhat cua ea nude, khdng cd su giup ddmanh me cua bin ngoii, cdng cude van dgng giai phdng khd mi thinh cdng dugc" (A) Od la bai hpe ve su ket hop giua sdc manh nude vdi sdc manh thdi dai, khdng ehi Cach mang thing Tam, ma ea cude khing chien ehd'ng Phip (1945 -1954) va ehd'ng MT(1954-1975), dudi su lanh dao ciia Ngudi, nhan dan ta da triet de' thue hien, dem lai ddc lap, thd'ng nha't cho dan tdc; hanh phue, tudo hoan toan cho nhan dan Ngay (ki2-1/2014) This article, we refer to the use of teaching software to design dynamic model that simulates the elements In the problem and their operation in teachIngmath for high-school students su nghiep dd'i mdi, xay dung dit nude Viet Nam xahdi ehii nghTa, bai hpc dddupcOangta khang djnh la: Phat huy ndiluc, ting cudng ngoai luc, kithgpehit che giua ndi luc vi ngoai luc, dd ngi lue ddng vai trd quyit djnh Chinh vi vay, giang day, GV can khaithac, nha'n manh dkhia canh niy.Q (1) Trin Dan Tien Nhirng mau chuyen ve doi boat d6ng cua H6 Chu tich NXB Vdn hpc, H 2001 (2) H6 Chi Minh 'Toan tap, tap NXB Chinh tri qudc gia, H 2002 (3) Phan Ngoc Lien Hd CM Minh vdi tien trinh lich Sli' dan t6c NXB Chtnh tri qudc gia, H 2008 (4) Dinh Xuan Ly "NguySn Ai Qu6'c voi vifc lua chgn duang each mang va sang lap Dang C8ng san Viet Nam - mOt s6' djc d\im chu y&" Tap chi Khoa hpc - Dai hoc quoc gia Ha Noi, s6' 2/2008 SUMMARY On 5/6/1911 Nguyen Tat Thanh left country to find out the way national liberation, is a basic requirement, that need inculcate for students in the process of teaching history This article will analyzes and Interpret on number of issues related to Nguyen Tat Thanh event to leave country to Und out the way national liberation such as: engines, purposes, heading: method, in context international integration current, contribute to improving the quality of subject Tap chi Giao due so 326 43 ... tien bd''i va cung thdi Trong dd ed dd phue vu eho edng cupc giai phdng To qud''c va nhifng van de he''t sdc cu the, gan gui va cd y nghTa vdi dem lai hanh phue cho nhan dan Ngay nay, dat nude each... phat edn la hgc hoi, tiip thu nhifng thinh tuu ciia thdi dai, bleu:" Tai tranh luan nhieu thi? Trong luc cic banciia the''gidi dixiy dung dat nude, mang lai cudc sdng tranh luan ddiy, Vii ddng... vdi phue y chi each mang eua nhan dan nhung nude nhan din Cai dich eud''i cung khdng dat tdi dupe nay; nhien, Ngudi lai phe phan tinh thieu triet de, Con dudng cdu nude kieu cu eua cie vi tien bd''i