CD S i l i LUAN DAY VA DOC Tif VDNG Tlt NG ANN CNUYEN NGANH ThS NGUYEN THI V I E T P H U O N G " Ml | 6i trudng hpi nhap quoc te doi hoi sinh vien (SV) tot nghiep ra truang can phai co kha nang su''''dun[.]
CD S i li LUAN DAY VA DOC Tif VDNG Tlt NG ANN CNUYEN NGANH ThS N G U Y E N THI V I E T P H U O N G " 6i trudng hpi nhap quoc te doi hoi sinh vien (SV) tot nghiep truang can phai co kha nang su'dung ngoai ngU noi chung va trinh dp Anh ngQ noi rieng Tuy nhien, thuc te cho thay nhieu SV cua cac trudng dai hoc khong chuyen ngiro' Vi?t Nam trinh dp tieng Anh rat han ehe, chua dap ung dupe yeu cau cua cac nha tuyen dung.Desu dyng tottieng Anh, ngucrt hpc can phai chu trpng nhieu yeu tonhu trau doi von tir vung, n i m vUng ngi/phap, hieu bietve van hoa, thudng xuyen luyen tap Trong do, von tiJvung duoc xem la nen tang co ban vo ciing can thietdeSVcotliesudyngthanhthaoeac kinang: nghe, noi, dpe, viet Doi v(5i SV hpc tieng Anh ehuyen nganh noi rieng, viec thieu von tii'vung hay hpc tifvung khong co hi^u qua la mpt can trd Idn khong chi d cac ki nang tren ma ca djch thuat, thuyet trinh va doc hieu cac van ban chuyen nganli Vdi mong muon SV cothe hoc tieng Anh chuyen nganh tot hon, nang cao kha nang siJ dung thao tieng Anh moi trudng hpi nhap quoc te hien nay, chiing toi da tien hanh dieu tra bing phieu hoi (thdi gian td 09/201305/2014, Trudng Dai hpc cong doan) doi vdi 150 S V chinh quy hpc tieng Anh chuyen nganh Kinh te, 120 SV chinh quy hpc tieng Anh chuyen nganh Xa hpi hpc, 48 SV chinh quy hpc tieng Anh chuyen nganh Bao hp va phong van giang vien ti&'ng Anh chuyen nganh cua Bp mon Ngoai ngQ la mgttu''{^; 303); Maeounova (2; 54) lai dinh nghTa tdvung bing each so sanhsukhac biet giOa tir (word) vatdvung{vocabulary).Khidjnh nghia td, nhanghien cuu cho ring td la don vj ngon nguco nghla Tu gom Itdgoc vacd the CO them tien tohoac hau to TU dupe dung de eau tao cae cum td, menh de va eau D i e biet, Maeounova da dua mpt dac diem quan trpng de nhan biet tu cac v i n ban la mditd dugc ngan cich vdicac tdkhac bing mgt da'u cich Them vao do, moi td se thupc vao mot hay nhieu nhom td loai sau: danh td, tinh td, dai td, dpng td, trang td, gioitd, lien tdva than t d Doi vol tdvung, Maeounova trich d i n hai dinh nghla Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (3): 1}Tdvung la tatca nhdng tdducfcmpt ngudi biet vasudung;2) Tdvung la tatca nhung td ton tai met ngon ngif hay mpt chu de cy the Cung theo tddien noi tren, tdvung dupc ehia hai nhom nho: td vung bi dpng {passive vocabulary)vatdvung chu dpng (active vocabulary) Tdvung bj dpng gom cac td ngudi dpe hoac nghe co the hieu dupe nhung khong dupc sd dung noi hoac viet Ngupc lai, tdvung ehu dpng gom cac td khong ehi dupe hieu kill dpe hoae nghe ma dupe diing de tao nen cac cau eo y nghla giao tiep; - Ur (4; 60-62) va Harnier (5; 156-157) di sau hon vao djnh nghTa tdvung vdi met bang liet ke cae yeu to CO ban cua tdvung bao gom hinh thdc (fomn), ngdphap (grammar: tdvung ladanh tdhay dpng td, Trong pham vibai viet nay, chiing toi de cap casdS danh t d s o i t h a y s o n h i e u , vjtri cua cac tinh td, }, bj$n day va hgc tdvung tiShg Anh chuyen nganh (vdi bien doitd(wordderlvation: ddng td dgy hpc Ifeac/?" sucong tac cua ThS Nguyin Thj Hien Huong, ThS chuyen sang danh td "teacher), nghTa den/nghla NguyHi Thj Thu, ThS.Pham Phuong LanJhS.Trinh bieu thj (denofcn), nghTa bong/nghTa md rpng Thj Thanh Thuy, ThS Nguyin Thj Viet Phuong, CN (connotation), sukethc^td(collocatlon),tdd6ng nghia Trinh Thj Thuy Nguyen, CN Nguyen Quynh Anh), (synonyms), td trai nghTa (antonyms), an du C a s a i l luan v e t i r v u n g v a t u vung chuyen (metaphor), nganh (TVCN) Chinh vi tdvung gom nhieu t h ^ h tocho nen Natron 1)Blnh nghia vetuvting Richards va Schmidt (6} (2001) cho rang, ngudi hpc tdvung can co kha djnh nghla: I'd la dan vj nhd nhat he thdng y nang nhan phat am, chdviet eua td, dac biet la hieu nghia eua mgt ngon ngd co the phan biet duac vdi dupe cac y nghTa khac eua cung mpt td eacdanviti/angtu.TdlamgtdanvitnJVtugng,c6tbe cac v i n canh khac xuathien dnhieu dang thdc khac tmng van noi ho4c van viet va tai ea cac bi&i &iecua tddeu dugc eoi * TnAIngBai bpc cong doan Ml| (ki2-8/2014) Tap chi Giao dye so 340 I 59 Ro rang la, dii dupc djnh nghTa theo each nao, td vung cung dong mot vai tro quan trpng viec tiep can mpt ngon ngu Adam va Collins, dupc trich d i n bai viet cua Murokoli (7; 8), coi t d v i ^ g i a nhdng vien gach gop phan tao "buc tudng" giao tiep Nhdcotuvwigmacon ngudi cothe nghe, noi, dpe va viet Viec tiep thu kien thuc cung phattrien ngudi hpc nam dupc y nghTa cua tdvung Ngudi hpc e6 nhieu tdvung cokha nang hieu mptvan ban ca van ban CO ehda mpt sotdmdi Nha ngon ngd hpc Thombury cung tan quan diem coi td vung la nhan toquan trpng giao tiep, la don vj giao tiep coban nhatvi ong cho rang: "Ban CO the noi dupc mpt chiit it bing ngdphap, nhung ban se hau nhu khong noi dupc bait cddieu gi ma khong co tdvung" (8; 13) 2) binh nghia ve TVCN TV C N la cac th u at n g u chuyen men (technical temis) hay ban chuyen mdn (semi-technical terms), cac thuat ngd kinh te cot 161 (core business terms) dupc sd dung cac tai lieu ehuyen nganh viet bang ngoai ngd; bai viet, sach bao, hpi thoai, giao tiep, cac bai diln thuyet,., eo ehu de thupc ve chuyen nganh Khac vdi td vung thong thudng, TVCN dupc sd dung nhieu hon hpc thuat, hoic cae linh vuc chuyen mon eu the nhu: ke toan, tai chinh ngan hang; y dupc; bao hp lao dpng, , Tdvung khong thupc [inh vuc chuyen nganh thi co the thudng xuyen dupc sddung cac hoat dpng giao tiep cua cupc song hang nhieu hon va khong tao nen su khac biet qua Idn ngon ngu phd'thdng Trong giang day ngoai ngd chuyen nganh noi chung va tieng Anh ehuyen nganh noi rieng, tdvung lajjeu toquan trpng khong nhihig tao nen nhung dac diem dac thii cua ngoai ngd tdng ehuyen nganh ma cdn lam cho ngoai ngu ehuyen nganh khae vdi ngoai ngd thong 3) Cac yeu tdanh hudng den viee day va hge tu vung tieng Anh chuyen nganh a) Nangli/C ngon ngu Nang luc ngon n g u d day dupc hieu la kha nang su dung ngon ngdthuhai cua ngudihpc Hpctdvung la mptqua trinh kha phuc tap, doi hoi ngucri hpceo nhieu kien thucve nhieu ITnh vue Mpt d i e diem quan trpng de nhan biet cua qua trinh hpc td vunci la can nhieu thdi gian de eo the dan dan n i m b i t dupc nhiing loai kien thuc t d v i ^ g , Vi dy: ngudi ta co the hieu nghTa mot td hp nghe tu do, nhung cd the liic hp khong biet each doc no mpt each chinh xac Schmitt (9) da nhan dinh: "Viec hpctdvung khong nhat thietphaidupe thuc hien cung mpt luc M l i loai t d v w i g CO the dupc hpc theo 60 Tap chi Giao due so 340 each thde hpe td td, nhung mot so cd the dupc hpc mupn hon va vdi ti le khac nhau." Nhu vay, hpc td vung la mot n l luc sud't dcrt Vi6c tiep thu tdvung phai dupc tieh luy dan dan, vi ro rang la khong the dat 6\S(«^ suthanh thao ve tat ca cae loai tdvung eiing lue dupc Do dd, bit ki thdi diem nao, ngudi hpc hoan toan ehua biet hoac da hieu hoan toan mpt td, thi cac kien thdc ve td vung cua ngudi d6 se ton tai d nhieu muc dp khac b) Kie'n thde chuyin nginh TVC N la nhdng thuat nguehuyen mdn; vay, dd'lvdinhung ngucrt hpc td vung tieng Anh chuyen nganh, nhwig kien thdc ve chuyen nganh hpc cua hp co vai trd het sde quan trpng viee hieu va ITnh hpi cac khai ni§m, djnh nghia, Kien thdc chuyen nganh giiip ich rat nhieu eho ngudi hpe tdvung tieng Anh ehuySn nganh vl: - Giiip ngudihpc hieu vaghi nhdTVCN didang hon: hpc tieng Anh ehuyen nganh, ngudi hpc gap nhieu kho khan phai hpe va ghi nhd eiing liic rat nhieu thuatngd; neu co kien thde ve chuyen nganh, hpcothegincacthuatnguvdl nhiing khaini&m, hieu biet ma minh da code hieu va ghi nhdtdm^t each d l dang hon; - Hpc tdvi/ng khdng phai la mot bd'n kTnang hpcngoaingd(n6i, nghe, doe, v i l t - v a gan day cd kT n i n g thd nam la kT nang djch), nhung td vung la yeu to g i n ket cac kinSng vol Khi hpc, ngudi hpc thudng hpc TVCN mptcach thy dpng qua Idi glai thich cua giao vien, do, neu khong co kien thdc sau ve chuyen nganh se rat kho n i m bit; - Ngudi hpc thudng chi chpn nhiing td, cum td bai hpc ma hp chua biet de hpc, v&y, nhdng kien thde chuyen nganh se giup hp rat nhi^u trang qua trinh tu hpc tren Idp va d nha Tuong tu nhu vay, ngudi d^y tieng Anh chuyen nganh neu 6\iqo trang bj kien thdc chuyen nganh se giiip ich rat nhieu cho ngudi hpc viec tie'p thu cac kien thiio ngon ngu c)£?pngco'/?pc.Theo nha ngon ngdhpcDSmyei (10; 34-39), ngudi hpc chju tac dpng rat Idn tdthai dp ciia nhung ngudi xung quanti trpng qua trinh hpc tap: - La nhan to chinh de hinh dpng co cua ngudi hpc, giio vien nha't thie't phai cd thai dp tich cue va su nhiet tinh giang dgy Mon ngoai ngd ehuyen nganh thudng kho khan, khd hieu Neu ngudi day khie'n cho bai hpe trd nen thu vj, ngudi hpc se hao hdng hpc hon; - G'la dinh, cha me.-neu cha me cung CO quan diem tich cue den viec hpc tap cua eon em minh thi ngudi hpc s e d u p c hpc thuan lpi hon Ngupe lal, ngudi hpc se d l tdbo dpng ca hpc tap cua minh neu co nhung tac dpng tieu cue tdphia (ki2-8/2014) gia dinh; - Moi trudng: Neu ngucrt hpc dupc nudi dudng mpt xa hpi cd thai tieh cue thi se tot cho ket qua hpc tap eua hp Vi vay, rat can tao mpt khong tieh ci/c Idp hpc tieng Anh chuyen nganh de tao dupc moi trudng hpe tap tot Cothe noi.dpngcohpclampttrong nhung yeu to cdanh hudng manh me tdi suthanh eong hay that bai ciia viec hpe tieng Anh Neu ngudi hpc khong eo dpng [uc hpc thise rat khddekhienhp hpp tac Idp hpc, va dieu edthe dan tdi viec hp khong tham gia vao cac hoatdpng hpc tren Idp va khong n l luc hpc ngoai ngu Can tao nhdng dpng co ben (Intrinsic motivatron)vadOTgcobenngoai(extrinslc motivation) de khuyen khieh ngudi hpe Theo nha ngon nguhpe Jeremy Harmer, dgng ca ben (intrinsic motivation) dupc hieu la dpng luc xuat phat td ban than ngudi hpe, nhdng gi maban ttian nguoi hpc mud'n tudgt dupe bdi vihp cam ttiay thieh thii (vidu nhu viee nim batkienthdcngon ngd) Mptvidudien hinh elio dpng CO den td ben la mot su quan t i m hay y thich cua ngudi hpc, noi each khac la mot hoat dpng dupc thyc hi?n vi ehinh lpi ich eua n d Ngupc lai, dgng ca ben ngoai (extrinsic motivation) lai bi anh hudng tdcac yeu to ben ngoai Ngudi hpc hpc tap vt hp dupc mong dpi nhu vay hay hp bj b i t bupe phai hpc Dpng co hpc cd the la nhung mdn hpc b i t bupc chuong trinh hpc ciia nha tnj'dng, nd eo the la mpt nhu cau dedap dng sumong dpi tdphia cha me cua hp, hay la su khao khat dupc khen ngcrt hay mpt cong viec tot hon tuong lai Gardnerva Lambert (11) lai phan biet hai loai dpng CO hpc: - Bgng ca phuang tien (instrumental motivation) - kie'n thdc ngon ngd 6\sqc khai thac nhu mot phuong tien de dat dupc dieu gi dd cupc song: hoc detim dupc cong viec tot hon, de cothe doe dupc hay hieu cac hudng d i n tren cac thiet bj cong vi$c cua hp, hoac de sang nudc ngoai hpe tap ; • Baigcahoa nhip (integrative motivation) thudng xuathien dnhi>ig ngudi hpc muon dpe dupc bao chi chuySn nganh, ne'u hpsang nude ngoai thi hp muon nghe hieu va ndi chuyen dupc cac hpi thao quoe te, hay don gian la hp mud'n giao tie'p va muon hda nhap vao xa hpi Vdi viec day thuit ngd (TVCN), giao vien nen tim each tot nhat de khieh le ngudi hpc hpc tdvung tiSng Anh mot moi tardng vda nghiem tiic vda than thien d) Thai do, ythdc cua ngudi hgcobinh hudng rat Idn ldi viec hoc ngdn ngdndi chung vaviec hpc TVCN nolrieng.Neunguo^hpcdacodpngcohpctapnhdng hp lai thieu y thdc hay eo^ai dp hpc tap kem thi se d i n (ki2-8/2014) den ket qua la hose khdng the tie'p thu kien thucngon nguehuyen nganh, khong the dat dupe mye tieu bai hpc va dd hp se thit bai viee hpc ngon ngu Nhiing gi dien Idp hpc CO anh hudng rat Idn tdi thai dp hpe t i p ndi chung vahpc tdvung ngoai ngundl rieng Do d6, ngudi hpe can phai dupc tao mot moi tn;dng hpc tap td't, can thi giao vien chinh la ngudi lam thay doi thai dp hgc tap cua SV d) Chien luac hgc tdvung Viec hoc TVCN cdng hay that bai tiiy thupc vao viec ngudi hpc cd cac chien lupc hpc hay khong, cae chien lupc hpc cd dupc ap dung dung loai, dung each va vao dung thdi diem hay khong.Chien lupc hpctdvung lamptpham tm chien lupc hpe ngon ngu Neu ehien Iupe hpc ngon ngu dupe djnh nghTa la "nhung hanh dpng dac thu dupc ngudi hpc sddyng dekhien cho viee hpe cua hp trd nen d l dang, nhanh chong, thich thii, tu chu, hieu qua hon va co the ehuyen sang dung eho cac tinh huong mdi Theo (3), c/j/en/i/o'c/ipc/y'viynpbao gom nhdng hieu bietve nhiing gi ngucrt hpc sudung detim nghTa cua tdmdl, luu giu chiing lau dai tri nhd, nhd lal chiing can de hieu hon ngdn ngd, va sd dyng chung de tao ngon td (3; 8) e) Phuang phip (PP) giang day Tdvung v i n luon ludn dupc coi la met phan quan trpng viec day ngoai ngd Ben eanh viec day cae eau triic ngd phapvangdam v i n dang dupc chuy tdi nhieu, mpt so PP giang day ngdn ngu da va dang dupc ap dung tren thegiditdtheki XX: PP djch-ngdphap, PP day theo dudng hudng giao tie'p (Communicative Language Teaching), PP ngdn ngd - nghe (audiolingual), PP giao nhipm vy (task-based learning), PP phan xa tong the (total physical response), PP Suggestopedi Nhiing trinh bay neu tren khai quit ve cac quan diem cuacac nhanghien ciixi ngon ngdno'itieng tren the gidi ve td vung, TVCN, ve cac ye'u to cd the anh hudng tdi viee day vahpc TVCN.Tren CO sdii luan va kinh nghiem tiiuc tiln day va hpc TVCN cua giang vien va SV cac tn/dng dai hpc d Viet Nam, hi vpng day se la nhung tham khao bo ich cho viec day hpc tieng Anh ehuyen nganh eho SV khong chuyen ngudcae trudng d?l hpc Viet Nam Q (1) Richards, J, C - Schmidt, R Longman dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics (4th ed.) London: Longman (Pearson Education), 2010 (2) Maeounova, L Teaching of vocabulary (Bachelor thesis) Masaryk University Brno; 2007 Tap chi Gido due so 340 61 (3) Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary Cambridge University Press; 1990, (4) Ur P A course in language teaching: practice and theory Cambridge University Press; 2000 (5) Harmer, Jeremy The practice of English language teaching London and New York • Longman, 1991, (6) Nadon, E S P Learning vocabulary in another language Cambridge University Press; ; 2001 (7) Mukoroli, J Effective vocabulary teaching strategies for the English for academic purposes Est classroom (Master of Arts), Vermont; 2011 (8) Thombury, S How to teach vocabulary Pearson Educational Limited; 2002 (9) Schmitt N, Vocabulary learning strategy Cambridge University Press; 1997 {10)D6rnyei,Zoltan Motivational strategies in the language classroom Cambridge University Press, 2001 (11) Din theo Eyildirim, Selma, and Sally Ashton "Creating PosUive Attitudes towards English as a Foreign Language" English Teaching Forum (2006): 2-11 Tai Ueu tham khao H£i Thj Huang San Nghiin cuu ve cdc chiin IUQ'C Su^dungsffdotirduv (Tiep theo trang 56) doi, thao luan cac nhom ve phan chuan bj SBTD cua minh ve cac van de: (he thong hda kien thdc, moi lien he giua cae kien thdc, each trinh bay va md rpng kien thdc d cac nhanh ); - Cac nhdm thao luan ve viee thiet lap SDTDeua ea nhan va cua nhom; - GV cho HS trung bay cac SDTD cua ea nhan hoac cua nhom (tren bang, tai nhom hoac eho vao ban mem va chieu len bang bang may chieu hoae may tinh.,.) de tat ea Idp quan sat, nhan xet GV kiem tra, nhan xet, chinh sda va khuyen khich tinh sang tao cua HS Td CO sd ll luan va thuc nghiem day hpc mon Hoa/jocdtrudng thdng cho thay, cho HS thiet ke va sddung SOTD de tudn tap tong ket, hethd'ng hoa va lien ket cae kie'n thdc da phat huy dupc tinh tich cue chu dpng sang tao cua HS Viec thiet lap SDTD sau hgc moi bai hpc, mot chu de hay mpt chuong se dan hinh eho HS tu mach lac, hieu biet van de mpt each sau s§e, each nhin toan bp phan kien thuc khai quat, tong the, khdng 62 Tap chl Gido due so 340 hgc tic vifng tiing Anh ciia smh viin khd, gidi ndm Ikii nhdt Trud'ng Dgi hQc Kinh tiqudc ddn, H 2006 Nguygn Thj Thu Huong YSu t&dnh hudng din hgc tit Vitng tiing Anh tgi Truang Cao ddng cdng ddng HdN0i,U.2OOS Le Thanh Ta Nhiing thach ihiic hgc tii ddng nghia cUa sinh viin ndm thii nhdt - Bgi hgc qud'c gia Hd Ndi 2009 Shi-gao-Zeng Studies and suggestions on English vocabulary teaching and learning al China University of petroleum; 2005, SUMMARY IntemaUonal Integration environment requires graduated students to master foreign languages In general and English in particular Vocabulary is the foundation and plays an essential part in speaking, listening, reading and writing Technical words are quite different from ordinary words and they cause a lot of difficulties to users, learners and teachers Some factors affecting teaching and learning technical English are mentioned such as: I Language competence; Technical knowledge: Learning motivation; Learner's attitude: Vocabulary learning strategies phai la hpc thupc, hpc v e t Nhd do, HS hi§'u sSu, nhd lau va biet van dung kien thdc linh hoat, sang tao vao cae tinh huong thuc t i l n Cd the ndi, day la mpt phuong phap hieu qua va cd tinh kha thi cao nhkm gdp phan dd'i mdi PPDH mdn Hoa hgc va cac mdn hpe khac cung van dung dupc dtn/dng thong.• Tdi li^u tham khao Tony Buzan Ban dd tu* cflng vi£c NXB Lao dpng xa hdi, H 2008 Le Xuan Trpng - Nguyen HQu Dinh - Tir Vgng Nghi - D6 Binh Rang - Cao Thi Th§ng Hoa hpc 12 (nang cao), NXB Gido due, H 2009 www,mind-inap.com (trang web chinh thiJc cua Tony Buzan) http://www.download com, The author analyzes the thinking diaff-aw schematic setup method of thinking and a way of thinking diagram revision guide for students to summarize knowledge of metal chemistry 12 This method established for students lo^cal thinking, understanding deeply the issue, said flexible use knowledge creatively to practical situaUons (ki2-8/2014) ... Idp hpc tieng Anh chuyen nganh de tao dupc moi trudng hpe tap tot Cothe noi.dpngcohpclampttrong nhung yeu to cdanh hudng manh me tdi suthanh eong hay that bai ciia viec hpe tieng Anh Neu ngudi... hpc td vung tieng Anh chuyen nganh, nhwig kien thdc ve chuyen nganh hpc cua hp co vai trd het sde quan trpng viee hieu va ITnh hpi cac khai ni§m, djnh nghia, Kien thdc chuyen nganh giiip ich rat... nganh giiip ich rat nhieu eho ngudi hpe tdvung tieng Anh ehuySn nganh vl: - Giiip ngudihpc hieu vaghi nhdTVCN didang hon: hpc tieng Anh ehuyen nganh, ngudi hpc gap nhieu kho khan phai hpe va ghi