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Nguyen Nggc Tuin vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE I20(06)'''' 197 202 THIET KE VA SU* DUNG BAN DO TU DUY TRONG DAY H O C HOA HOC DAI ClTONG 6 TRlTCTNG DAI HOC KY THUAT Nguyen Ngoc Tuan'''',Tran Trung Nin[.]
Nguyen Nggc Tuin vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE I20(06)' 197-202 THIET KE VA SU* DUNG BAN DO TU DUY TRONG DAY H O C H O A H O C DAI ClTONG TRlTCTNG DAI H O C KY THUAT Nguyen Ngoc Tuan',Tran Trung Ninh' ' Truang DH Cong nghe Thdng lin vd Truyen thdng - DH Thai Nguyen, 'Trudng BH Su pham Hd Ndi TOMTAT Ban tu la mgt so duge sii dung de phac thao true quan thong tin Ban tu thudng duoc tao xung quanh mgt tir hoac van ban va dat tmng tam, nhiing y tudng lien quan, Idi noi va khai niem duge them vao, Ngi dung chinh duge tao ttr mpt mit trung tam, va loai nho hon la cac chl nhanh ciia ngi dung chinh Sit dung ban tu day hpc la mpt nhimg phuong phap giang day tich cue, sang kien se giiip giang vien tinh linh hoat, net kiem thai gian giang day, gnip smh vien phat huy toi da su sang tao, kha nang tu duy, ghi nhd, ky nang hgi hga, tao tam ly thoai mai, kich thich su quan tam ciia sinh vien hoc tap Bai viet se hudng dan giao vien va sinh vien trudng dai hgc ky thuat su dung ban tu hoat dgng day va hgc mon hoa hpc de gop phan vao viec doi mdi phucmg phap day va hpc Tir thu duge ket qua hoc tap cao hon va tao mot moi trudng hpc tap tich cue hem Tir khoa: Bdn luduy, kT thudt dgy hgc, dgy hoc tich cue thuc nghiem, thi nghiim M6DAU Doi mdi phuang phap day hge la mdt Irong nhiing nhiem vu trgng lam ciia nganh Giao due Viet Nam viec nang eao chat lugng giao due va dao tao Tuy nhien cd ihc ibiy mgl thyc te li cac Irudng phd Ihdng dang tieh eye lien hanh ddi mdi phugng phap giang day va dem lai ket qui kha quan Ihi hau nhu eae trudng trung cip, eao dang, dai hgc van chua quan tim nhieu ldi dieu Phuang phap giang day ehii yeu d cae_ Irudng chuyen nghiep vin la giang vien thuyet trinh, sinh vien Ihu ddng Irong viec liep nhan va lam chii kicn tluic, chua pbal huy duge tinli tich cue, nang tu sang tao va hiing thu hgc tip cua sinh vien Bai bao gidi thieu ky Ihual day hgc sir dung ban dd lu (BDTD) day cic bai thuc hanh d mdn Hoa hgc Dai cuong d cac Irudng dai hpc ky thual nham nang cao hieu qua day hpc NOI DUNG Gidi thieu ve ban tu (BDTD) va cac huffc thiet ke day hoc theo BDTD Gi&i thieu hdn ttr Ban d6 tu (BDTD) cdn ggi la luge dd tu duy, so dd tu la mdt hinh thiic ghi chep sir dung mau sac, hinb anh de md rpng va dao siu cac y tudng, duge xay dung va phat trien bdi tae gia Tony Buzan BDTD duge dinh gia la cdng cu tu eiia the ky 21, duge ling dung rdng rai Irong tit ci cac ITnh vue dd cd giao duc[4] Su dung BDTD day hgc la mdt ky Ihuat day hpc tieh euc, giiip giing vien chu ddng, linh boat, tiet kiem thai gian viec giang day, gitip sinh vien phat huy ldi da ti'nh sang lao, kha nang tu duy, ghi nhd, nang khieu hdi hga, ddng thdi lao lam Ii thoai mai, kich thich hiing thii bgc tip cua sinh vien Cdc bu&c thiet ki day hoc theo BDTD Buac !: Xdc dinh kiin thiic tdm Trudc Ihiel ke bai day, viec diu lien la cin xac dmh rd kien thiic trpng tam ciia bai Tir dd, nit nhung yeu ciu ean Ihiet d ngudi hpc va phuong phap day hpe ciia giing vien Birdc • Xdc dinh muc tiiu cua bdi hoc Muc lieu cua bai boc gom ba Id: Kien thiic, ki nang, diai dd (khi xac dinh muc lieu bai hpc can chii y tdi nhung kien thuc va die biel la cac kl nang, thai dp in chiia Irong ndi dimg bai) Muc lieu duge the hien bang cac ddng lir cd the Iugng hda duge vdi eac miic dd: Biel Hi6u - Van dung va van dung sang tao Tel- 0986 796536 Emad: luanhoa cnll@gmail.ci 197 Nguyen Ngpc Tuan vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE Buac 3: Lua chon phuang phdp vd phuang tien dgy hoc Lua chon phucmg phdp dgy hoc Can eu vao muc lieu day hgc, ngi dung kien thiic truyen dat va kieu bai len ldp de lya chgn phuang phap day hpc cho thich hgp Khi da chgn duge phuang phap day hgc cho tiet hgc, giang vien can phai ghi vao sa va thuc hien nghiem tiic theo ke hoach Hien nay, phuang phap six dung cd hieu qua hon ca la phuong phap day hgc phiie hgp, tiic la, giang vien sti dung phdi hgp cac phuang phap va kl thual day hgc tich cue de dat hieu qua eao nhat cho tiet hoc Chudn bi phucmg tien dgy hoc Chuan bi thiet bj day hgc can thiet cho mdt liel hpc nhu sau: Dung cu, hda chit, cac thiet bi, may mdc nhu Projector, may linh Cac phin mem md phdng, thi nghiem ao, cac video clip Cac bang phu hoac phieu hgc tip cd ghi cac bai tap, cac ciu hdi hoac dung cu hgc lap can cd va Ihu tu sii dung va thuc hien nd Cin chi rd cdng viec ciia giang vien, cdng viec ciia lirng ca nhan hoac nhdm sinh vien Irong viec chuin bi Buac 4; Lua chon phuang phdp kiem tra vd ddnh gid sinh vien Cd the lya chgn mdt hai each de lien hanh kiem Ira va danh gia sinh vien nhu sau: Phieu giag nhiem vy cd tae dung rit manh hgc tip hgp tic, thao luan nhdm Can phai xay dung eiu bdi va bai tap phieu hgc tap cho phat huy duge nang lye nhin thiic va phat trien nang luc giai quyet van de eho sinh vien Bai tap eiing cd phai cd tac dung he thdng hda kien thiic hoae van dung kien Ihiic vira hgc xong [6] Buac 5-Thiit ki hoat dong dgy hoc theo bdn tu dua vdo phdn mem Mindjet Mindmanager Pro 8.0 Sir dung BDTD de day cac bai thyc hanh hoa hoc d tru'dng Dai hoc ky thuat Hda hgc la mdt mdn khoa hpc ly thuyet va thyc nghiem, bai Ihyc hanh hda hgc la cau ndi 198 120(06): 197-202 giua ly thuyet va thuc hanh Vi vay cac bai Ihyc hanh hda hgc cd mgt y nghia quan trgng viec day hgc hda hgc Qua bai thue hanh, sinh vien cd dieu kien kiem chiing lai cac kien thiic da hpc, tir dd them hieu, khac sau va nhd liu kien thiic, bai thyc hanh cdn giiip nang cao long tin cua sinh vien vag khoa hgc, hinh d sinh vien cac ky nang thyc hanh, tir giup sinh vien phat trien tu mdt each toin dien, he thdng Hgc phin Hda hpc dai cuang d cac Irudng Dai hgc ky thuat khdng chuyen Hda thudng gdm hai phan: Ly thuyet va thyc hanh duge tach rieng, phan thuc hanh thudng duge lien hanh sau ket thiic phin ly thuyet, mdi bai Ihyc hanh thudng gdm tir den thi nghiem Cd the tdm tat hoat ddng day va hpc bai thyc hanh vdi BDTD Ihanh cac budc chinh nhu sau: Birdc Chuan bi De chuan bi tdt cho tiet thue hanh, giang vien chia Idp cac nhdm nhd, yeu cau cac nhdm thiet ke BDTD cho cac thi nghiem ed bai thuc hanh gdm cac nhanh chinh: Dung cu, hda chat, each ti6n hanh, hien tuang, giii thich (Hinh 1) Cd th6 dinh kem hoac Hyperlink den cac video hudng (dan thao lac thi nghi em) [4],[7] Birov To chiJc hoat dong day va hoc tren lop Mdt budi thyc hanh thudng gdm phin: On lai ca sa ly thuyet vd cdch tien hdnh thi nghiim (25 - 30 phut) Hoat ddng 1: Mdi nhdm cii mdt sinh vien len Irinh bay mdt thi nghiem gom muc dich, yeu cau, each tien hanh, nhiing diem can luu y Sinh vien cu the hda bang BDTD gom cac nhanh chinh: dung cu, hda chat, each lien hanh (mo td bdng hinh dnh) Hoat ddng Sinh vien cac nhdm khac ddng gdp, bd sung y kien cho nhdm ban Hoat dpng 3: Giang vien hudng din, bo sung, chinh sua va nhan manh nhiing di^m cin luu y tien hanh ihi nghiem dd dim bao thi nghiem tien hanh an loan, cdng Nguyin Nggc Tuin vd Dtg Jap chi KHOA HQC & CONG NGHE Hi^n tipp'ng 120(06): 197-202 Dung c^ Hinh 1: Thiet ke bdn tu cho mdt thi nghiem hoa hoc Ong nglii^m , Nhiet ke I Hif n tu-o-ng 1^—— - Dung cu Kep g5 ' CAc Uiiiy iirt^ • Nuti'cncing 100 d0 N u d c ir nliifti dO Itiu'&ng Thi nghiem: Anh hiro-ng ciJa nhiet dp W\ toe dp phan irng H6a chit Natrithiosunptial • Axil sunfufic C^ch ti^n h^nh -\^ Hinh 2: BDTD tin nghiem toe phdn ung hda hgc Tien hdnh ldm thi nghiem (110- 120phut) Cae nhom tien hanh lam thi nghiem dua Iheo BDTD da duge bd sung d tren Giang vien theg ddi cac nhdm sinh vien, chinh sii'a nhiing sai sdt can thiet nhung tranh lam thay Bdo cdo kit qud thi nghiem (25 - 30phut) Cac nhdm bao cao kel qui Ihi nghiem, giii thich cac hien tugng xiy Giang vien chinh siia, bd sung va kel luan Cong viec cudi buoi thuc hdnh (5 - 10phut) Giang vien yeu ciu sinh vien ve nha hoan thien bao cao thuc hanh bang BDTD (Mdi thi nghiem la mdt BDTD ) gdm cae nhanh chinh: Dyng c\i, hda chat, each lien hanh, hien lugng, giai Ihieh, nhiing diem can luu y \i du: Day bai thuc hanh "Cac yeu to anh hudng tdi toe phan irng" Sinh vien da duge tim hieu cac yeu td anh hudng tdi tdc phan ling phan ly thuyet Bai thyc banh se guip sinh vien kiem ehiing va lam rd hem eae kien thiie da bgc Giang vien yeu cau eae nhdm sinh vien thiet ke BDTD cho cac thi nghiem de chuan bj cho buoi thye hanh, khuyen khieh sinh vien phat huy ldi da nang khieu bdi hga, tri ludng tugng, nang tu sing tao Trong gid thuc hanh, giang vien td chiic sinh vien thuc hien cac boat dgng day hge nhu da trinh bay d bude BDTD cua mdt cac thi nghiem su dung Irong bai day duoc trinh bay d hinh Ket qua thuc nghiem su pham Chiing toi thuc hien dieu tra sinh vien bang viec phai phieu dicu Ira va xu ly kel qua dicu tra, tir dd ehiing tdi so sanh viec sii dung ban dd lu day hgc vdi cac phuang phap day hgc Iruyen Ihdng 199 Nguyen Ngpc Tuin vo erg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE 120(06): 197-202 PHIEU DIEU TRA DANH CHO SINH VIEN Hp va ten: Ldp : Sau hgc cac bai hoc duo'c thiet ke theo Iirgc tu* va ty minh thiet cac hoat dong trudc I£n lop bang ban tir duy, hay cho biet y kien cua ban than ( danh dau x vao chgn) • K h d n g thich QjBinh thudng • R i t thich Y kicn khac: Kha nang tiep thu kien thirc cua em nhtr the nao hoc va tu- hoc cac bai thiet ke theo so tu duy? • K h o liep thu • B i n h thudng • D l tiep Ihu • R a t de tigp tbu La ngudi sir dung ban tu duy, theo em viec sir dung ban tir de hay kho ? • Q u a khd • B i n h thudng •Di De SVco the hoc tot cac bai sir dung ban tu cac thay, co nen: • T h u d n g xuyen day hgc eac bai hgc bang ban dd tu • C h i a cac nhdm va giao nhiem vu tim hieu, nghien ciiu cho cac nhdm •Khuyen khich hpc sinh xay dung hoat ddng hgc tap trudc len ldp Y kien khac: Qua thong ke phieu dieu Ira cua 100 sinh vien, cac em deu cho rang cac bai day sii dung ban tu giiip cac em de tiep thu kien thiic, 98% cac em cho rang viec sir dung ban dd tu dk IhiSl k^ cac boat ddng hpc tip trudc len ldp la rit tdt, nd giiip cac em chii ddng viec tiep thu kien thuc tren ldp So sanh ky thuat day hgc truyen thong va su dung BDTD Qua thyc nghiem su pham, da nhan thiy sy khac biet giiia ky thual day Iruyen thong va sii dung BDTD nhu sau: Nguyen Ngoc Tuin vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HQC & CONO NGHE 120(06): 197-202 So sdnh ky thudt day hoc truyen thong vd su diing BDTD Day hoc truyen thong Ky thuat sir dung BDTD * Ddi vdi gidng vien * Ddi vdi gidng vien GV bl dong va phu thuoc ve thdi gian theo each trinh bay ciia SV - GV chu dgng, tiet kiem thdi gian, de theo doi va bo sung cho SV qua trinh thuc hanh * Ddi vdi sinh vien * Ddi v&i sinh vien - Phan on tap kien thuc: Vdi each trinh bay thi nghiem theo mpt trinh tu co dinh (Thudng la ten thi nghiem, dung cu, hoa chat, each lien hanh, hien Uigng, giai thich, nhung diim ein lim y), dudi hinh thiic hel ke thong thudng (muc 1, 2, *, gach dau dong, ), tao cho SV cam giac nham chan vi cac budc lap di lap lai, thuyet trinh luon tam ly cang thang, sg quen kien thiic va nham lan giira cac budc - Phan tien hanh thi nghiem SV liing tiing chuan bi dung cu, hoa chat, dac biet hay quen trinh tu va thao tac tien hanh thi nghiem - Phan on tap kien thiic BDTD trinh bay cac thi n ^ i e m theo trinh tu logic, khoa hpc nhung khong CO dinh va ciing nhac, gnip SV chii dgng linh hoat thuyet trinh nhimg van dam bao kiem soat duge thdi gian cung nhu npi dung can trinh bay BDTD giiip SV phat huy duge ti'nh sang tao, nang khieu hoi hpa su dung mau sac, hinh anh, tii ngii theo y chii quan de ve cac dung cu, hoa chat va mo ta each lien hanh thi nghiem - Phan viet bao cao thuc hanh: SV gan nhu he thong lai toan bg kien thiic dudi hinh thuc het ke * Nhan xet chung - Phan tien hanh thi nghiem: chi can nhin qua BDTD sinh vien co the biet cac dung cu, hoa chat can chuan bi va hinh dung each tien hanh thi nghiem tu guip SV thuc hanh theo mot quy trinh khoa hgc, tiet kiem thai gian, nang cao chat lugng gid hoc - Phan viet bao cao thuc hanh sii dung BDTD giiip sinh vien he thong kien thiic mgt each ngan ngpn, siic tich, de dgc, de nhd nhung van bao quat duge ca thi nghiem Phuong phap day hgc tmyen thong chua kich * Nhan xet chung thich duoc su sang tao, hiing thii hpc tap cua Sii dung BDTD Uong day va hoc cac buoi thuc hanh SV da tao mpt moi trudng hpc tap tich cue, SV hiing thii, SOI noi, sang tao gid hpc, kha nang tiep thu va nhd bai tot hon, ben canh hinh cho SV mpt so ky nang mem nhu lam viec theo nhom, thuyet trinh trudc dam dong KET LUAN cac kl nang thuc hanh, kl nang thuyet trinh, ki Su dung BDTD day va hpc thuc hanh nang lam viee theo nhdm hoa hgc la mgt ky thuat day hgc tich eye, giiip BDTD thuc su la mdt cdng cu tu he giing vien chii dgng, linh boat, tiet kiem thdi thdng, hieu qua mang lai nhirng Icri I'ch to Idn gian, sinh vien hieu duge npi dung bai bpc hoai ddng day va hgc d cac trudng dai mgt each rd rang va nhanh nhal theo so hgc ky thual, gdp phin ddi mdi phuang phap, kien thirc duge he thdng mdt each khoa boc, nang eao chit luong giao due, hudng sinh viec ghi nhd, dn tap cilng hieu qua ban, nhin vien den sy phat trien toan dien, dap ling cac vao BDTD sinh vien ed the binh dung nhu cau nhan lyc cho qua trinh cdng nghiep cac dung cu hda chat cin chuin hi va each hda, hien dai hda dit nudc tien hanh thi nghiem Khi thiet ke BDTD sinh vicn phat huy ldi da tri ludng tugng, nang khieu hgi hga, kha nang lu logic khoa hgc Ngoai sii dung BDTD cdn gnip sinh vicn ket hgp tri tue ci nhan vdi tri tue tip the mgt each hicu qua, hinh Ihanh cho sinh vien TAI LIEU THAM KHAO 1, Trin Dinh Chau, "Sii dyng Ban tu duy-mpt bien phap hieu qua ho trg HS hgc lap mon toan" Tap chi Gido due, ki thang 9-2009 Tran Dinh Chau Dang Thi Thu Thuy; Ban lu duy-cdng cu hiiu qud hd tro day hgc vd cdng 201 Nguyen Nggc Tuin vd Dtg Tap chi KHOA HOC & CONG NGHE tdc qudn ly nhd truang, Bao Giao duc&Thdi dai, s6 147 14/9/2010 Nguyin Cuong (2005), Phuong phdp dgy hgc Hda hgc - Idp 1, Nxb Giao due Tony Buzan (2008), Sa tu duy, Nxb T6ng hgp - TP Ho Chi Minh 120(06): 197 - 202 Dang Xuan Hai(20]3), Ky thudt day hoc ddo tao tin chi Nxb Bach Khoa, Ha Ngi Nguyen Nggc Tuin(2008), Luan van thac si , Dai hpe Giao due Joyce WycoiT, (2008) ling dung Bdn tu duy, Nxb Lao dpng - Xa hpi SUMMARY D E S I G N A N D U S E M A P O F T H O U G H T IN G E N E R A L T E A C H I N G IN C H E M I C A L E N G I N E E R I N G UNIVERSITY Nguyen Ngoc Toan'*, T r a n T r u n g Ninh* 'College of Information and Communication Technology - TNU, ^Ha Noi National University of Education A mind map is a diagram used to visually outline information A mind map is oiten created around a single word or text, placed in the center, to which associated ideas, words and concepts are added Major categories radiate irom a cenUal node, and lesser categories are sub-branches of larger branches Categories can represent words, ideas, tasks, or other items related to a central key word or idea Using mind maps in teaching is a positive teaching lechnicts, help faculty initiative, flexibility, saving time in teaching, help students maximize their creativity, abihty from only, remember, painting skills, and create psychological comfort, stimulate students' interest in learning This article will guide teachers and students in Technical University use mind maps in chemical practices to contribute to the renewal of teaching and learning methods, resulted m higher learning and building create a more positive learning environment Keywords: Mind map, teaching techniques, active teaching, experiment, experiment Ngdy nhdn bdi:3I/I2/2014 Ngdyphdn bien 22/1/2014; Ngdy duyet ddng-09/6/2014 Phdn bien khoa hoc: PGS TS Nguyin Thi Hiin Lan - Trudng Dai hgc Suphgm - DHTN Tei 09S6 796536 Emad- tuanhoa 202 ... lirng ca nhan hoac nhdm sinh vien Irong viec chuin bi Buac 4; Lua chon phuang phdp kiem tra vd ddnh gid sinh vien Cd the lya chgn mdt hai each de lien hanh kiem Ira va danh gia sinh vien nhu sau:... BDTD cho cac thi nghiem de chuan bj cho buoi thye hanh, khuyen khieh sinh vien phat huy ldi da nang khieu bdi hga, tri ludng tugng, nang tu sing tao Trong gid thuc hanh, giang vien td chiic sinh. .. tim hieu, nghien ciiu cho cac nhdm •Khuyen khich hpc sinh xay dung hoat ddng hgc tap trudc len ldp Y kien khac: Qua thong ke phieu dieu Ira cua 100 sinh vien, cac em deu cho rang cac bai day sii