Dmfyfllpc i 33 J IVIgt so suy nghT ve each day ngOf phap trong chifdng trlnh Tieng Viet cho hpc sinh tieu hoc ngiTofi Cham tai TP HCIVI (Co the sij di^ng cho nhieu hoc sinh dan too thieu so khac) Lfe[.]
Dmfyfllpc i 33 J IVIgt so suy nghT ve each day ngOf phap chifdng trlnh Tieng Viet cho hpc sinh tieu hoc ngiTofi Cham tai TP HCIVI (Co the sij di^ng cho nhieu hoc sinh dan too thieu so khac) Lfe HOANG GIANG ThS NCS K31 Trudng DHSP H i Ndi D gy hpc NgQ phip d Tilu hpe l i viee lim trpng y l u dQ ChUdng trtnh ngQ phip d tilu hpc chf d mQc dp sp giin, nhlSn, diy l i nhQng kien thQc nin ting d l cic em vQng ving vl^c t h i hipn v i n bin d phin mdn Tip Lim Vin cOng nhu sQ dyng tilng Vlpt giao tilp, die bl^t l i hpc lin cic d p trSn NhUng dilu niy khdng d l ding dli vdl vlpe dgy hpe NgO phip eho hpe sinh tilu hpe ngUdi Chim tgi thinh phi H6 chf Minh Cic em vdn da It sQ dyng tilng Vi^t giao tilp gia dinh, giao tilp d n g ding nhd cQng nhOt nhit, ty ti, Igi thim nguySn nhin nOa l i vdn tQ vyng ft, hilu v l tif logi tilng Vi^t Igi d n g md ho nen viee nam ehae ngO phip tilng Vipt l i rlt khd khin Cic em vilt d u sal, d u md h i , md nghTa l i vlic thudng xiy b i i Lim vin Khio sit thyc t l dgy v i hpc tilng Vi^t dja b i n d e quin cd hpc sinh tilu hpc ngudl Chim theo hpc, chung tdi mgnh dgn dua nhQng phuong phip hOu hipu dgy hpc ngQ phip eho dil tupng hpc sinh niy, nhim glQp eie em sQ dyng tieng ViSt ed y thQc, xem tilng Vilt l i ngdn ngO phi thdng d n thilt cho hpc tip v i eupe sing eQa eie em sau niy I GlAO V I ^ N CAN HE JHO'NG CHUCING T R I N H N G O P H A P DUQC DAY d t l i u HQC Theo SGK v i ehUdng trinh Tilng Vlpt bic Tilu hpc, hpc sinh phii dupe hpc v l d c tU logi, danh tQ, ddng tU, tfnh tQ, dgi tu, quan hp tit, nhOng kf^il niSm v l d u v i thinh phin d u , nhu chu ngQ, vj ngQ, trgng ngO; d c kigi d u dupe phin logi theo d u tme nhu d u ddn, d u ghSp, phin logi tt>eo mye d f d ndi ning n h u d u k l , d u hdi, d u khiln, d u d m ; d c ddn vj tren cfiu nhu dogn vin, vin bin v i d e phSp llSn kit d u dogn Nhu trSn d i ndi, diy l i nhOng kiln thQc ngQ phip cd bin nhit, tlnh glin nhlt nhung cOng l i nhQng ddn vj ngO phip d n ylu nhit m i chOng ta phii trang bj eho hpc sinh biu hpc Khio sit npi dung, chUdng trinh v i d e h giio khoa Tilng Vl^t Tilu hpe tu ldp din tdp 5, chdng ta nhin thiy, chupng trinh NgQ phip dupe sip x i p nhU sau V I cic khii ni^m ngi] phip Nghiin cQu t d n bp dUOng trinh ngQ phip dQng ta thiy myc tieu eiia viee dgy hpe d e khii nlim NgQ phip ehf d mUc dp nhin biet cP ban nhU, vdi danh tQ thi la v l sy vat {ngudi, vit), dpng tQ thi hogt ddng, trgng thii, tinh tU thi v l tlnh chit, die dlim, quan he tU l i kit nil, Cie khii nipm nhU k l , hdi, cim, nhin bilt v l dogn vin v i n bin, „ 1.1 Phin lUlogI Dgy eho hpe sinh nhin bilt v l eie tQ logi mpt cich cd bin nhlt cung vdl d e h kit hpp die trUng nhit giQa chung vio hogt ddng giao tilp Ching hgn, danh tU vdi die trUng v l nghTa l i chf ngudi, v i t (sy vit) dpng tQ vdi die trUng v l nghTa la hogt dpng v i trgng thii, tfnh tQ vdl die trUng v l nghTa l i tfnh ehit, die dilm quan hS tQ vdi die trQng l i nli kit, _ Sy kit hpp vdi d e tu logi khae de tgo cym tQ, d u cda d c tQ logi tren cdng dupe trang bj mpt d e h cd bin n h l t Ldp 2, 3: NhOng bii hpc nh^n bilt v l danh tQ chU ehUa d bit hpe v l danh tU, nghTa l i d ldp hai ehl dgy nhin bilt v l hiin tupng, ching hgn nhU tim nhQng tQ chl t i n ngudi, d l vit cd d u , dogn van sau Ddng tQ v i cae tQ logi khie eung d mQc dp dd (Xin xem Tilng Vigt 2, eie trang 26, 52, 67, 91) Ldp 4, 5: ldp V 5, d c khii niSm ve cac tU logi nhU, danh, dpng, tfnh, quan hS tQ, dgi,,.- dupe dgy theo d u true bii hpe quy trlnh chuin dl tQ khii niim din kha nang kit hpp, ehQe d n g eu phip Tilng Viet 4, tip 1, d e trang, 53, 57, 93,106, 110, Tilng Viet 5, tap 1, 92 104, 109, 121,- 1.2, Phan cau va thinh phin du TUdng ty viS d e trinh bay ve tQ logi, d u v i phin d u cung dupe trtnh biy theo d u true tQ nhin bilt d c hien tupng din tim ban chat cQa ddi tUpng Ciu v i thinh phin d u eung dupe d e tie gii SGK phin chia tQ ldp din ldp Ldp Cic bii hpe v l thinh phin d u dUpc trinh biy dUdi dgng tra ldi d u hdi: Ai? Cii gl? Con gl? La gl? Lim gl? T h i nio? (Xin xem TV2, T l , 45, 52, 67, 90, „) Ldp 3: Cac bai hpc v l thinh phin ciu d dgng d u hdi: diu? Khi nio? Nhu t h i nio"? Lim sao? Vl sao' Bing gl? (Xm xem TV3, T2, d c trang 26, 44, 53 ) Ldp 4: Cie bii hpe v l Ihinh phin d u nhu chu ngQ, vl ngQ so 10-2014 DglffflHjy trgng ngQ dUpc trang bi 1^ hun, day du hon B i i hpe v l ehQ ngQ, vi ngQ d Tieng VlSt Tap 1, trang 171 Tap 2, trang 6, 16, 29, 36, Bai hpe ve trgng ngQ d Tieng Viet 4, tip 2, d e trang, 126, 129, 134, 1.3 Phan dogn van vi vin tjan NhQng kiln thQc v l dogn vin, liin kit d u , liin k i t doan, nhan dien va vilt van ban ba phin lim nen ting viee day hpe Phan mdn Tgp l^m van (Xm xem Tieng Viit 4, tip 2, trang 32, 52, 53; Tieng Viet 5, tip 2, trang 72) Cic quy tac ngQ phap Tilu hpc, dgy cae quy t i e ngQ phap cho hpe sinh la dgy nhQng each tgo d c kilu eau, e i c phep lien k i t e i u , d i u d u , eic phep lien k i t dogn {Xin xem Tieng Viet 2, tap 1, trang 116; Tiing Viet 3, tap 2, trang 117; Tieng Viet 5, t i p 2, trang 71 72) He thong chUdng trinh se giQp giio vien se rit tiiuan viec lien he kiln thQe tilt dgy hpc ngQ phap cy t h i cho hpc sinh D l i vdi hpe smh ngUdi Cham, tiiao tae liSn h i cQa giio vien se nhic nhd cho d c em d e ddn vj kiln thQc ngQ phap ma d c em da quSn! II VE MAT TAIVI LY HQC GIAD VIEN LUON TIM HIEU KY DOI lirONG HQC SINH Vdl die thU v l eQ ngy trSn dja bin, nhQng Idp hpc d d d c trQdng chf dupe phin b l s l lupng hpc sinh Cham it, chl bang 1/ sT so cQa ldp NhUng cung d ldp, sd lupng chl cd khoang den hpo sinh, Nin vio Idp 1, mgc du da dupc hpc tilng Vl^t d Vudn tre, cic em hpc sinh Cham van d n thai dp e de, nhQt nhit, die biet cic em lai d n g nhQt nhit trUde sU hleu ddng, nhanh nhgn eua hpe smh ngUdi Kinh Chinh t i m ly tU ti dd da khlln eic em rit khd gin, rat khd giao tilp cQng ban be, viic phit bilu xiy dyng bii, trao doi, thao lugn, hay tham chl t r i ldi eiu hdi eiia ed giao gid hpc lgi cang khd khan Giao viin can nlm tim \ mdn eiia mdn Tilng Viit Khi cham bai T i p Lim Vin ciiah(>c smh, giio vien d n bilt xac djnh ldi, phin logi ldi v i tim cidi ChQa hay, hip d i n cho hpc sinh q u i tiinh t r i bii GiSo vien khdng the phS bing nhQng tQ, cym tQ rit chung nhii *&> dgt {dd), dung tU ( m i khdng bilt dQng sai nhu t h i nio vidOng DtyvaH^i cho ddng), giio viSn khdng phit hien rd loi dQng tQ sal nghTa, khdng dQng phong deh,_ Hoie phS v l ISi ngQ phap la d u cyt, d u q u i {Thyc t l , ehi ndi nhQng d u sail rjii d u cyt, d u que d ! ) mdt c a d md hd^ Loi ngQ phip d rat nhieu logi "ldi, dUng sai chUc ning tit loai, ldi ve diu d u , d u thilu ehii ngQ, thilu vj ngQ, d u thilu d cym ehQ vi, Khao sit tiiyc t l bii lim mdn NgQ van cQa hpc sinh THPT, THCS, chung tdi cung n h ^ thiy d e h p h i niy d n cd da s6 giio viin NgU van ThQc ra, gid tra b i i se glQp hpc sinh d tiiem lupng kiln thQe thye hinh v i n bin rat Idn, hpc smh se nhgn rd ngpn ngudn cQa ISi tiong bii lim v i hpc dupc nhieu d e h sQa Dan din, d c em se hoin thiSn kiln thQc tiiyc hinh v i n ban, cung nhu nhQng kiln thQc v l V i n hpe Kham benh ma thiy thudc WiSng bilt xae dinh logi hay d n benh d binh nhin thi lim thiy chQa khoi binh cho bSnh dupe Hpc sinh cung viy, bii lam cQa d e em mac nhilu ISI nhQng giao viSn khdng chl cy t h i thi cie em se khdng the hleu minh da sai gi, dae biet, eac em Igi khdng bao gid tiln bp vdi 111 p h i md h i eQa giio viSn Cho nin, chQng ta rit ein thilt phai nam chac cic logi ldi friUc hinh van ban va cd nhilu d e h ehUa eho mpt logi loi, de hpc sinh cd dupe nhllu d e h sQa sal, r l i tiln tdi se vilt dQng vilt hay van bin khong tUdng hdp, ey the, so sanh "cac dng de d ndi chuyen ram ran"v(i\ "bay diim lfu lo goi me" Chung ta se hudng dan eho hpc sinh d e h sira sau: ThQ nhit, giao viSn eho hpc sinh thSm dau phay sau trgng ngU, Cu the: "NhSng ngiy iy, trin dddng _ gd me" LUu J: Giio viSn se nhae hpc sinh phin kiln thQc niy hpc d diu, dd l i phan nio, chac chan d c em se nhd den bai hpe ThSm ti^^g ngQ eho d u " ThQ hai, day la loi so sinh m i ehQng tdi da phan tfch d trSn d i tgo hiiu q u i diin dgt kim, thim chf gay cudi, day t i phan kiln thQe thupc Tnh vyc Phong d e h hpc tieng Viet, nhUng tien thi, chung tdi cung chf d e h sQa day, la chQng ta hudng dan d e h ehpn v l so sinh hogc cung cd t h i do! ve so sanh i y bang mpt eym tit khae phQ hpp Cy thi: "Nhdng ngiy iy, trin dudng cd rat nhieu de dng dc bi tay cam d den do, dOhg ndi chuyin rim ran lim nhpn nhip d mot vung que vdn yin binh Unh lgng" NhU vgy, viec thSm vi ngQ cho d u tren, chung ta d i biln ISi ve phong d e h thinh ldi v l ngQ phap Sau dd, ChQng ta cho hpc sinh viet lai dogn van hoin chfnh! Neu gid tra bii nio, giio viSn cung thyc hien d n g viSe day trich nhiim nhU the, hieu q u i dgy hpe tieng Viet se rat cao d hpe smh Cham, d e em se rat nhanh tiln bpti'ongviec sQ dyng tiSng ViSt Vilt chuin, cac em se thuc hien nhQng vin bin Chang hgn, vdl bii lim sau cQa hpe sinh, ehQng ta se tilng VISt dQng, hay VlSe day hpe tilng ViSt cho hpc sinh chim, phin logi Idi v i dua cich chQa: ngUdi Cham khdng edn l i mli lo eua nhllu nha giao dye, eQa ChUng tdi xin trieh mpt dogn mdt bai Lam van eua phy huynh! mpt hpc sinh ldp t i v l mtia xuin d q u i hUdng B i i vilt d dogn: "MUa xuin d qui em md rit nhiiu hdi Nhiing ngiy iy Dgy hpc ngQ phap eho hpe smh tieu hpc ngUdi Cham tgi trin dudng ed rit nhidu cac 6ng eac bi tay cim den dd ddngthinh phi H i Chf Minh l i nhiim vy vd cung quan trpng eiia ndi chuygn rim ran nhd Ijiy dilm lfu io ggi mg" d c thiy CO giao dang tryc tilp chQ nhiem v i giang day ChQng Dogn v i n trSn, vQa dpc qua, ta thiy rit hay, bii vilt hay d tdi nghT ring, kit q u i dgy hpc tdt se phy thupc vio d l tim cQa chd, hpc sinh bilt chpn v i n d l miSu t i , cd so sinh T h i nhung, ngUdl dgy hpe Ldng yiu nghi, yiu tre se giup giio viin vupt qua tit e i nhQng khd khan giing dgy mpt ldp hpc m i hpc nhQng d e h bilu hl^n i y cQa d c em diu mic ill Dpc dogn sinh nhieu hoin d n h khic Lim cho cac em cung sdng vin trSn, giio viSn d n phin logi \6\ nhu sau: Ciu 1, hpc sinh da nhim ehQ thi, dd l i "MCia xuin d ngdi nhi chung, eQng hpe tip tiln bp, giio vien da sQ qui em"khdng t h i l i chu nhan md hdi dUpe, nhU vgy, "qui em" dyng nhilu bien phap cieh tiiQc khac Bi d e em hpe sinh ngudi Chim hpe tit Tilng Vipt, giio viin d n chQ y din, mdi "md h&" ChQng ta sd dUa eieh sQa nhu sau: ChUdng tiinh, tim \y va cac biSn phap cy thi tQng phin Cich thQ nhlt: thay "d" bing diu phiy Ciu dQng se l i "Mda xuin, qui em md rit nhiiu hdi" d phin niy, chQng ta d n mdn NgO phap tilng ViSt l i mdt phan nhd phin mdn cho hpe sinh xie djnh lgi kiln thQc d thinh phin eau {Chii ngQ) Luyen tQ v i d u T h i nhQng phin kiln IhQc niy l i phin nin quan trpng dgy hpc tieng VieL NhQng bign phip trSn se da hpe, d l hpe sinh khie siu kiln ttiQcl Cieh thQ hai: thay "md"bing "ed", vi chu the "MCia xuin d rat hQu hleu dli vdl dgy hpe tilng ViSt cho hpe sinh ngudl Cham, giup d c em s\l dyng tieng Viet thao, hpc tdt eac qui em''khSng l i chQ t h i tgo hogt dpng m i l i chQ t h i tdn tgi hogt dpng CSu ddng se l i : "Mda xuin d qui em cd rit nhiiu mdn hpe khic chUPng trinh d cap Tieu hpc v i lim nin tang hpc tot d d c d p eao hdn! hdi" ChQng ta tUU y eho hpc sinh kiln thQc v l "Ddng tiT" da hpc, v i sy fiin quan giQa chQ the t i chii ngQ vdi ddng tQ lam vj ngQ TAI U E U THAM KHAO: d u Giao vlSn d the dUa thim mdt so vf dy nhU: Cinh ddng - bit ngit Con dUdng - thinh thang Biln d - minh mdng Nhi eQa (Vudn tupc) - rpng rai, thoang mat Hoic: Hdm qua, B da SAI em mang ly tieh di rQa Hdm qua, EM da N H O b l hUdng d i n em lim bii Lim vin v l nhi NhUviy, hpc sinh se nh^n thiy dupe m5i ehQ t h i se tUdng Qng '-dl hogt dpng, trgng thii, tinh c h i t , d t h i , v i d c hogt dpng, bgng thii, tlnh e h i l &y mdi l i die tn/ng eQa ehii ttil Ciu 2, Hpc sinh d i tiiilu d i u phly tich trgng ngQ vdl cym chii v|, L(i tiiQ hai, hpc sinh d i so sinh sai dtii tupng so sinh nghla l i glQa chQ IhS so d n h v i dli tupng dupe so d n h Cao XuSnHpo-Hoinr;DQng-BCiM^hHCrg,NhiSig tri thde v i l-^f n ^ tilng V i ^ e ^ dupe dgy hpcdnha trudng phi thdng, Nhaxu^ bin Tre, TP.HCIWl,2001 L6 A~ Nguyin Quang Ninh - Bui Minh Toin, Phuong phdip dgy hoc tilng Vi^t NXB Giao dye Ha Npi, 1996 Li Hoang Giang, Tim ly hpc ting ViSt cua hpc sinh din tpe Ihi^u sl, Tgp chf dgy v i hpc ngiy nay, s3 6,2011 LS PhUdng Nga - L i HQu Thh - Nguyin Trt, Giio trinh phuong phapd^y hpc bing VigtdTilu hpc, tgp 1,2, NXB Dgi hpc Suphgm, H i N?i,1995 LS Phuong Nga-Nguyin Tri, Phuong p h ^ dgy hpe tUng VISI6 tiluhpe, NXB DHQG.HN, 1999 Nguy^ Minh Thuylt {ChCi biin) Bp Sich Giio khoa Tilng Viit tQIdp dinldp 5, NXBGiiot^ic, HN,2006 ... ta rat khd giang cho hpe sinh Cham hilu, cho nin glSo vien d n chQ y dua nhi3ng dan lieu ed ban, thudng xay ra, de nhin thi''y de bai giang hieu q u i Cieh d i n se giQp hpc sinh Cham hilu sau... l i die tn/ng eQa ehii ttil Ciu 2, Hpc sinh d i tiiilu d i u phly tich trgng ngQ vdl cym chii v|, L(i tiiQ hai, hpc sinh d i so sinh sai dtii tupng so sinh nghla l i glQa chQ IhS so d n h v i... tren de vao hinh khai niem, hpe sinh se d§ dins nim bit, v i vdl d e h lim niy, hpc sinh ngudi Kinh eung hilu sau thSm van de can hpc Khi dgy bai Them trang ngQ cho d u ldp 4, ey the la Trgng