mime VAN vt xk HOI TU DUY MOI TRONG CONG TAC HUONG NGHIEP • TS HOANG NAM NHAT Phd Vu truing Vu dio due Dio too vi Day nghi Ban Tuyin giio Trung UOng 44 I Giio dpc htfdng n ^ ^ p cho hffc sinh, sinh vi[.]
mime VAN vt xk HOI TU DUY MOI TRONG CONG TAC HUONG NGHIEP • TS HOANG NAM NHAT Phd Vu truing Vu dio due - Dio too vi Day nghi Ban Tuyin giio Trung UOng 44 v i tiin bae eho ei nhi T n m g hoc p h thong phai tif p can ngh£' nghidp tridng vi ci bin thin va chuan bi cho giai doan ngfldi hpe Diy Ii bflde di hoc sau thdng cd chat dau tiin dl hpe sinh hinh dung ed hdi eie vi^c lim liiong H i n h th^nh h | sau niy, cic die trflng eia thong gido due nghe nghiep vdi nhiia phUdng nhflng nghl phi hpp vi chi cho cic em nhiing gj thiic va trinh d ^ o tao ky nang nghe nghiep theo phii ehuin bi dl sau niy ed thi gin bd vdi nghl dd Tfl vin nghl nghiip hiidtng ling dung, thiic Theo Bio cio eia Bd qui trinh dio tao Ii giip hanh, b a o d a m dap ting ngidi hpc dinh hinh ning n h u cau n h a n liic ky thuM Giio due vi Dio tao (GDIflc thfle sfl cia minh trin cd cong nghe cua thi tniofng DT) t i nam 2002 - 2010 moi nam cd khoing sd cia sd thich, sd tridng, lao dong niidc vk 300.000 hpc smh tdt sic khde vi nang Iflc cia ban qu6c ti nghidp trung hpc cd sd thin de t i quylt dinh sif (THCS) khdng vio hpc nghiip eia minh trung hpc phd thdng Neu tinh liln tue, nhit quin hfldng nghiip M Trich Nghi quylt sd 29-NQITW (THPT) Sd hpe sinh niy: mit di thi hpc sinh de xie cua Ban Chip hiiih Trung UOng mdt phan, vio hpc eac cd sd giio due thidng dinh sai mue tiiu nghl (khda XI) xuyin di Iiy bing bd tic nghiip hoac thay doi mue van hda; m0t phin, vio tiiu nghl nghiip khdng dfla trin nang Ifle bin thin HI luy Ii, sau tdt hpc eie trfldng day nghl (hoie trung nghiep ed the nhin dflde vile lim nhflng tim day nghl); cic trfldng trimg cip gap khd khan hoie khdng phi hPp, hp cung chuyin nghiip; phin cdn lai thj trfldi^lao de bd vile, gay ling phi thdi gian, edng sic ddng m i chfla diipe dio t?o nghe Cung theo I Giio dpc htfdng n ^ ^ p cho hffc sinh, sinh vi^n Ii vi^c lim vd cflng quan trpng, giup cic em dinh htfdng a^i ngjbi^p tUdnglai tfl diu qui trinh hinh thinh vi phit triln nhin cich cung ohvi xiy dflo^ ning Iflc chuyen mdn 99 70 TUYEN GlAO S6 6-2014 \HUNC VAN Dt XA HOl Bd GD-DT, nlu tinh ci s6 hpe sinh bd hpe hpe; khdng ehi ta dflde cic cd h$i vi han ehi THPT, thi tridt ldp 12, thi trfldt dai hpe vi eia thi trfldi^ lao ddng, nhOng van dl m i cao ding thi sd niln chfla dflde ngfldi hpe can ehu y qui trinh dio tao dio tao nghl hing nam se lln din hing trim dl ting nang dm vile eho minh Nhing nghin ngfldi Hiu qui Ii, mdt s6 Iflpi^ ldn dilu niy da dfla din hiln tflpng "that Ihanh niln din tudi lao ddng chfla dflde dio nghidp" trin lan cila sinh viin mdi tdt tao nghl, tao sfl ling phi ldn cho xi hdi nghiip, giy nhilu hi luy eho xi hdL Cd Ti nim 2006, Bd GD-DT di dfla giio dye nhilu nguyin nhin din din thih trang niy, hfldng nghidp vio giing day eho ei nim dd ed mdt sd nguyin nhin ed bin mi THPT, song eie trfldng phd thdi^ hiu nhfl ehung ta ein phii quan tim: khdng ed giio viin dflpe dio tao bii bin vl TrUdc hit la chfldng trinh, ndi dung giio hfldng nghidp m i ehi ylu Ii giio viin chi due hfldng nghiip trfldng phd thdng nhiim hoac giio viin kilm nhiim Vi thi, it khdng ddng bd, thilu tinh thflc tl Vile thflc fliiy cd tim huylt, di siu vio bd mdn mdi ml hiln khdng dflpe giim sit chit chi N$i niy, nhift Ii giio viin kilm nhiim mat dung hfldng nghiip dfla din cho hpe sinh nhilu thdi gian cho chuyin mdn vi eie cdng qui mudn, eic em da phii quylt dinh viec hd sd, sd sieh Khdng it trfldng ed hiln dfldng di eho tfldng lai eia minh tflpng giio viin bd mdn khie xin tilt giio due Hai Id, cie trfldng phd thdng hi^n hfldng nghidp dl day mdn eia minh (manh khdng cd biln ehi chinh thie lim cdng tie t i niy xin vi m ^ h niy cho!) Thi nln kit vin hidng nghidp, nln hpe sinh vi giio viin qui thit ding budn Ii phan ldn hpc sinh khdng ed si trp giip ein thiit vl chuyin mdn THPT khdng dflpc giao due hfldng nghiip Cac cd sd dio tao nhin Ifle hiu nhi khdng cd Da sd hpc sinh, nhat Ii hpc sinh THCS, ed ciu t i vin nghl nghi|p nhi tridng diu "ddi" thdng tin vl nghl nghiip, Cdng tic t i vin nghl nghiip eho ngidi hpc cic tii li|u giio dye hfldng nghiip hiln khdng cd dipe sfl trp giip cin thiit vl chuyin chi dl eip mdt sd it nghl phd biln mdn eia cic chuyin gia Gidng nhfl cic rit nhilu nghl thi trfldng lao ddng dang can trfldng phd thdng, cic ed sd dio tao khdng ed Bin canh dd, ndi dung chfldng trinh chfla dflpe phflpng ti^n ein thiit nln khdng t^o lip thi hiln dflpe tinh die t h i eia ting vung diiifc h | thdng hd so tfl vin cho ngfldi hpc miln hay nhdm ddi tflpng; sd Iflpng nginh Cie ehuyin gia, dpi ngu lim tfl vin khdng nghl dl eip ndi dung giio due hfldng dflpe dio tao bii bin, lim vile chfla ding quy nghidp eip THPT edn ban ehi Nhflng trinh Nhilu ngfldi lim edng tic tfl vin chi nginh nghl vl nghl thuit, nghl truyin theo bin ning vi Idnh nghi|m ci nhia Mnh thic tfl van Uln chi ylu dipe thfle hi^n dlijng, nghl mang die tring eia dia phiPng theo nhdm rat ldn (toin trfldng hoie I khdi (3ifla dipe quan tim, nhing chu dl thim ldp) nln gin nhfl khdng cd tflPng tic thflc sfl quan, giao liu it thi dan din vile hpe vdi hpc sinh, tri ldi hay giii dip dfl^c cic thic smh khdng hio hing vdi boat ddng giio dye mie eia hpe sinh hfldng nghidp Ba Id, phu huynh khdng biit hpic khdng Cdng tie t i vin nghl nghiip hau n h i bi budng xudi, cie eo sd dio tao nghl, trung quan tim din hpat ddng hfldng nghi$p t^ cip chuyin nghiip, eao ding vi dai hpe gin tridng; it dl f din t?o lip tinh thin kinh nhfl khdng cd cie ho?t dpng niy cho ngfldi doanh tfl lim ehu mi ehi ylu hidng cie em TUYEN GlAO S6 6-2014 71 NHlJNC VAN Dfe XA H O I din cic vile lim cdng i n lidng; thieu dinh 2.Dlnii^caadiitb9>^hi|aqiiic6i^ticgiio gii chit Ifldng eia cic ho^t ddng t i vin, dvchd^i^ii^ii^, rit cin ddi mdi tfl day khdng cd phin hoi cua nhi tricing, giio cdng tic htidng ng^$p viin, cflu hpe sinh vi phu huynh Cln dit giio dye hfldng nghidp Ii Bdn Ii, thilu gin kit eia eie boat d$ng phflong ti$n dl trao quyln cho hpc suih tfl giio due hidng nghidp vdi cie ed quan quin quylt dinh vl vile hpc tip, edng vile mue tiiu sfl nghiip cua minh Vi ly lao ddng, hpe sinh thilu viy, cln dflde tien hinh giio cd hdi trai nghiim lao ddng due hidng nghiip liln tue thit sfl Cic chi s i dung lao ddng, nhat Ii cic cd sd sin C&i dat gido dye qui trinh dinh hinh nhin cich cia hpc sinh, xuit, kinh doanh tsii ehd it hiidng n g h i i p Id dipe mdi vl ndi chuyin phiitfng tien de trao khdng doi din cudi cip t ^ tridng hpc eie hdi ehd quyin cho hoc sinh t ^ THCS v i khdng phii Ii kit thie hpe sinh dfla Ifla vile lim, dfl bio, dinh gii quyft djnh vi vi^c hpc ning Iflc vi cung eip thdng tdp, cdng vi^c, m y c tiiu chpn cia minh vl khdi thi tin thi trfldng lao ddng eho sti nghidp c{ia m i n h VI vi nginh thi eic k^ thi ngfldi hpc chfla dflde tiin vdy, can diiOc tiin h d n h tuyin sinh Cln khuyin hinh thfldng xuyin, khoa gido due hiidng nghidp khieh hpe sinh tfl quylt hpe nen hilu qui rat thap lien tuc t r o n g qud t r i n h dinh nghl nghidp dfla trin ning thfle sfl vi dinh Khi ngfldi hpe ed thay ddi vl d i n h h i n h n h d n cdch hfldng tfldng lai minh hoin cinh, sic khde hay Ifla cua h p c sinh, k h d n g ehpn tfldng lai, hp khdng ddi d i n cudi cdp T H C S Bing eieh ehuin hi cho biit phii trdng ciy vio va k h d n g phai Id ket cie em hi^n thflc hda tilm Chfla cd cP quan dfl bio thi thiic k h i hoc sinh diia ning eia minh qua theo trfldng lao ddng di hi thong Ilia chpn cua m i n h duoi eic mue tieu vi sfl tfl vin vi ngfldi hpe ed the v l k h d i thi vd ngdnh nghiip ci nhin Ddng thdi dfla dflpc cic quylt dinh t h i t r o n g cdc k^ thi giip dilu chlnh qui trinh ding din vl nghl nghiip tuyen sinh Cdn ehuyin tilp t i nhi trfldng tfldng lai k h u y i n khich hpc sinh sang ndi lim vile eung nhfl ehuin hi cho eic em sin Cic ed sd s i dung lao tii q u y l t d i n h n g h l sing cho vile hpc tip sudt ddng hiu n h i khdng tham nghiep diia tren khd ddi.Ti eieh tilp ein iy, theo gia vio qui trinh tfl vin i^hl n a n g thiic sii vd dinh nghiep ngoii vile hiln diln hiidng tiiOng lai minh chung tdi, cdng tic giio dye hfldng nghiip thdi mdt so ngiy hdi thdng gian tdi cln quan tim m$t sd tin, hdi chd vile lim hay phdng van tuyen dung Thdng tin thi trfldng giii phip sau: lao ddng rdi rac, thilu tinh cap nhit vi khdng Thd nhdt, giio due hfldng nghidp cln sit vdi ddi tfldng Sfl bing nd ciia cic phfldng dflpe triln khai t i diu THCS thay vi ldp tiin truyin thdng vdi nhilu thdng tin khdng n h i hiln Hpc sinh phd thdng phii sdm dflpe Idem ehing hoae thdi phdng qui mie dipe lim quen vdi thi gidi vi$e lim vi biit din den nhin thic sai lich cia ngfldi hpc vl dinh gii dung ning Ifle, thiln hidng th4t edng vile vi cic gii tri sdng eia minh Dl lim vi^e niy, nhit thiit phii 72 TUYEN GlAO S6 6-2014 MlnVC VAN Dt XA HOl ^ cic cdng ey dflfle thiit k l khoa hpc phi hjp vdi thflc tiin Vi|t Nam vi eia ting dja phflong vi ting nhdm ddi tflpng Thd hai, edng tic giio dye hidng nghiip lln phii dfl