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NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG ^''''iliZ''''J^ II TO C H C C THUC HANH NGANH THAN M I M THEO M A U VAT THU THAP 6 DIA PHUONG ThS Li Thj Thanh Trudng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp SUMMARY Mollusca (Mol lus ''''ka) is one of the lar[.]
NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG ^'iliZ'J^ TO C H C C THUC HANH NGANH THAN M I M THEO M A U THU THAP DIA PHUONG II VAT ThS Li Thj Thanh Trudng Dgi hgc Ddng Thdp SUMMARY Mollusca (Mol-lus 'ka) is one of the largest animal phyla after Arthropoda There are over 90,000 living species and some 70.000 fossil species Mollusca are found in a great range of habitats, from the tropics to polar seas, in ponds, lakes, and streams, on mudflats, in pounding surf, and in open oceanfi-omthe surface to abyssal depths They represent a variety of lifestyles, including bottom feeders, burrowers, borers, and pelagic forms This paper presents practices method of molluscs by their specimens that were collected locally in the delta and the midlands region Keywords: Molluscs, eoelomate animals, invertebrates ofzoology Ngdy nh^ bdi: 26/8/2014; Ngdy duyp ddng 27/8/2014 \ Dit vin dl: Nginh Thin mIm - Mollusca li mOt nhtog nginh dOng vit Ito nhit, chi sau nginh Chin khdp - Arthropoda Hifn di bilt frgn 90.000 loii dang sdng vi khoing 70.000 loii d dgng hda thgeh Cic loii Than mIm phin bd rOng D I tdi uu hda tilt hpc thyc hinh vl nginh Thin mIm, chiing ta nfn suu tim vi sft dyng lim mlu vgt thyc hinh eie loii Thin mIm mi loii dd phd biln vi die trung d m5i dia phuang Cich lim niy giiip ngudi dgy vi ngudi hpc chuin bi tdt hon mau vgt thyc hinh, giim chi phi vi thdi gian dk suu tim, giup ngudi hpc hilu rd ban vl ddi sdng v i ciu tgo ciia cic loii Than mIm d dia phuang minh dang sdng Bii vilt niy, chi gidi thifu vl td ehftc thyc hinh nginh Thin mIm theo mOt sd loii dgi difn dupe thu th$p d dia phuang thufc vftng ddng bing - trung du T I chirc thyc hinh m$t s6 d^i difn Than mIm 2.1 Mfic tiiu: Giiip cho ngudi hpc nim dxxqc die dilm ciu tgo ciia mOt sd loii thin mIm thuOc Idp Chin byng (tinh mit ddi xtog) vi Idp Hai minh vd (tinh ddi xtog); Hilu rd sy thich nghi ciia 6e nhdi vdi ddi sdng bd dudi nude vi Idi sdng djnh cu d Trai sdng; Bilt cich suu tim, quan sit, giii phiu v i trinh biy miu vit 2.2 Chudn bi mdu v^t, dftng cfi vd hda chdt * Mdu vgt: c nhdi (Pila polita) Trai sdng (Sinanodonta woodland) * Dying cv: BO dl md dOng v$t, giiy thim, khin lau, bip gas mi ni, ndi dun nude ed nhd * Hda chdt: Dung dich miu (pha gelatin), cdn 70°, formalin 2%, nude 2.3 Ngi dung thi^c hifn 2.3.1 Tim hiiu Oe nhdi (ed thi thay bdng loai de khde) Vf tri phdn logi: Nginh Thin mIm Mollusca; Ldp Chin byng - Gastropoda; Phan Idp Prosobranchia; BO Mesogastropoda; Hp Piliidae; Loii 6e nhdi - Pila polita Quan sdi hinh dgng ngodU Vd cua 6e nhdi nhin, bdng, miu xanh den pha miu ving, ed vdng xoin, vdng xoan thft ed mifng vd ngn Ito nhit Cic vdng xoin etog chilu Nip mifng vd bang tim stog, tim hoi Ifeh vl mOt bfn Khi dc thd diu khdi vd ta thiy d gifta li thuy mifng, hai bgn li xiphdng ed dgng dng Ong bgn trii Ito hon, thdng vdi xoang phdi dupe gpi li dng hut, gift nhifm vy hQt nude vio Cdn dng bgn phii nhd horn, thdng vdi xoang mang dupe gpi li dng thoit dam nhifm thai nude Cd nip da bao quanh mif ng kf0 dii thinh miu Idi, phia ngoii miu Idi li tua diu Gde ciia tua cam giie cd mit dinh trfn cudng ngin Phia dudi phin diu li phin chin, ed ranh dpe chia chin thinh minh Khi di ehuyin, chin thutog bd rOng diy nip mifng vl phia sau Tilp theo li phin io gdm cua io nim trgn mifng vi ehgy tft trii sang phii Bl mat cua io etog nhu toin than 6c nhdi ludn ed mOt ldp chit nhiy, ben ldp niy li xoang io Bdn phii io cd CO quan sinh dye vi hfu mdn Bfn trii io ed co quan cam giie hda hpc osphradi, ii mOt miu loi ngin miu ving nhgt TAP CHf THifrBIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 • 29 II NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG xoang mang ed mOt diy li mang ehgy song song vdi Xdc dinh ngi quan ^ ruOt thing (hinh vi hinh 3) Hudng ddn gidi phdu - Hi bdi tiit: Gdm mgt tuyin Bojanus mdu den * Bude 1: Gilt chit de sdm phu trin dogn rugt egnh bao tim vd dd day bing cich dun ndng din cho xoang (hinh 2) din chtog thd ca thg Hf tigu hda: Bit diu li thuy mifng gdm day khdi vd, liic niy ngtog dun rdi rang kitin d hai bgn, d gifta li ludi gai Tilp theo la gap dc Khdng gilt chiing thyc quin dii vi h?p ndi mifng vdi dg diy, miu bing nude sdi vi nhu vay toin nim khdi gan - tyy Sau dg diy li ruft udn khiic bO CO the sg co nit vio ngoin ngogo khdi ganjtyy, rdi dd trye tring vd giy khd khin cho vife giii kgo dii vl phia trude ca thi Cudi etog li hiu mdn phiu nim bgn phii cua io Vung mifng cdn cd mft ddi * Bude 2: Dtog vit etog tuyIn nude bpt miu vine dd vio thyc quin Khdi gan dap vd vd dc, dtog kpp gip tyy chia lim phin: phin tigu hda cd miu ving dd, din cic minh vd, thao tic nhp phin bii tilt miu den (hinh 3) nhing dl trinh lim rich ldp io * Bude 3: Tiln hinh giii phau vi quan sit: + Dk dl ding quan sit nOi quan thutog tigm dung dich miu pha gelatin ^(>r\gfjinh i Dudng mddc chiy vio tim vi cic mgch miu Ito ciia de dk giii phiu sg trinh lim dftt cic mgch miu, tiln hinh tidm nude im + Giii phiu: Dung kdo nhd cit mOt dutog ngang dudi mdp io rdi md rOng thinh mOt dutog vudng gde xuing dudi gin tim Tilp theo, cit thgm mOt dutog dpe d gifta co thi (hinh 1) L%X ldp io da cit sang bgn phii vi ghim chit vio khay md dl quan Hinh H? tieu hod vd tudn hodn ciia Oe nhdi tyc cit bd ming bao nOi quan d phia dudi vi thinh CO thi de dk ed thi quan sit dupe hf tif u hda, hf sinh - Hf tuin hoin: Gdm tim vi eie dfng mgch Tim dye, tuin hoin vi thin kinh nim d bao tint vl bfn trii ca thi Tim ^dm + Kit qua quan sat: tim nh! miu tring nim phia trude vi tim thit miu niu cd thinh diy nim d phia sau Cic dOng mgch Tua cSm g i ^ phdi qua tTnh mgch chu vio tim nhT cdn tim thit thi ndi vdi biu dOng mgch d phia sau (hinh 3) M l u I6i mj^ng Mang - Hf sinh dye: 6e nhdi li dOng v^t phin tinh, 6c nhdi eii Ito horn, dinh vd thip vi khdng nhpn nhu TO cung 6e nhdi dye Co cpan sinh dye dye gdm mOt tuyIn tinh Ddngm^ nhd miu tring nim gin dg diy 6ng din tinh nhd, miu tring ehgy qua tuyIn gan tyy vi nim dudi Thin trye tring, dd vio tui ehto tinh din din co quan giao phdi Co quan giao phdi ed rinh din tinh triing Tuy4(n anbumin' - Ca quan sinh dye eii gdm mOt tuyIn trtog hinh bMn khdi nhd miu tring, nim egnh tuyIn anbumin 6ng Hinh Cdu tgo h? hd hdp cua de nhdi din trto^ miu tring ehgy xuyf n qua tuyIn anbumin, Hf hd hap: 6e nhdi vfta cd phdi vira ed mang hutog ve phia trude dd ngoii qua l6 sinh dye cii Bfn trii xoang io li phdi thdng vdi ngoii qua Hf thin kinh: Gdm ed ddi hgeh nao nim trfn xiphdng hiit Phin bfn phii cua xoang io li xoang thfty mifng, gifta hai hgeh thin kinh ed ciu ndi vdi mang, thdng ngoii theo xiphdng thoit Trong qua hinh mifng vi cd cic diy thin kinh di din 30 • TAP CHf THlfTBIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG II tua diu vi mit - Co quan cim giie: Gdm mOt ddi mit, co quan bimcdlMovitn*: cim giie hda hpc li osphradi nim gin mifng vi co VAMntontMpvAaauquan thing bing nim mft hdc miu ving 2.3.2 rim hiiu Trai sdng (cd thi thay bdng Hin, {Mkigvtfnte Ngao, ) Vi trfphdn logi: Nginh Thin mIm - Mollusca; Ldp Hai minh vd - Bivalvia; BO Eulamellibranchia; Hinh Mat vd Trai sdng Phin bO Schizodonta; Hp Unionidae; Loii Trai sdng Xdc dinh ngi quan - Sinanodonta jourdyi Hudng ddn gidi phdu: Quan sdt hinh dgng ngodi: Vd Trai sdng gdm * Bude 1: Tich Trai khdi vd bing cich dung nhilu ldp, ngoii cung ciia vd trai li ldp stog miu niu dao lich nh? vio khe byng Trai, tich rdi io Trairakhdi sim, tilp din li ldp di vdi diy, miu tring, etog vd d chd dutog viln io vi cit dftt khdi co khgp vd li ldp xi eft cd miu sic sic sd Vd Trai gdm hai minh nim d phia ^ u vi dudi cua Trai Giy mg Trai bing bing nhau, xgp ddi xtog trii vi phii, dinh vdi d fonnalin 2% hoic cdn 70° dk quan sit hf thin kinh phia lung Chd hai vd dinh vdi cd diy ching vi * Bude 2: Tidm dung dich miu pha gelatin bin ll, chd niy cung li dinh vd, dupe tgo sdm nhit ndng chiy nude im vio dOng mgch dk quan sit cua Trai Khi Trai Ito din sg tgo eie dutog cong hf tuin hoin rd ban cing Ito xung quanh dinh vd vi dupe gpi li dutog * Bude 3: LOt bd mOt phin ldp io vi co bao phu tudi Phia Idi cua vd Trai li phia diu, phia ddi difn rdi quan sit hd hip, hf sinh dye * Bude 4: Ghim chit Trai d tu thi thing dtog nhpn hon li phia dudi (hinh 4) khay md, sau dd tft tft lOt bd io, ca vi hf sinh dye dk quan sit hf tieu hda, hf bii tilt Bude niy cin tiln hinh hit sfte ein thin Kit qua quan sdt: - Hf tigu hda: Gdm ed mifng, thyc quin, dg diy, ruOt gifta, ruOt sau vi khdi gan tyy thyc quin li mOt dng Ito thdng vdi phin trude cua dg diy Dg diy khdng OudngtuA cd hinh dgng nhit dinh vi cd thi tich Ito Hlp theo li ruOt gifta dii, cuOn thinh nhilu khiic, dogn diu ruOt ehgy tft dg diy hutog phia sau vi xudng dudi, doan cudi etog nim gin song song dpan diu nhung theo chilu ngupe Igi, tft dudi Ign tren, hutog vl phia Hinh Vd Trai sdng nhin phia ngodi trude n i p theo li ruOt sau, cd mpt dogn ehui qua tim Hai minh vd dupe khdp eh$t nhd hai khdi ca thit H$u mdn nim gin xiphdng thoit (hinh 6) khgp vd Ito vi khde, khdi ca thiy rd d mit cua Hf hd hip: Cd li mang, moi bfn thin ed li vd Trai (hinh 5) Co thi Trai sau bd vd thi ngoii Moi li mang gdm tim ngoii vi tim trong, m§i tim etog li io, tilp din li hai li mang: li mang ngoii vi nhilu spi mang tgo thinh li mang trong, thin Trai d giCte Xoang bao tim' T4m nhi Phia lung ed bao tim, trude bao O^ng m^ch ti tim ed hai dii miu hdng lim thinh hinh ehft "V" ngupe, li Tuy^n gan CO quan Keber Dudi xoang bao Thuc q u ^ tim cd hai vft dii miu den tham li thgn Phia dudi thin li chin KhiSicokh^pvoti Khoing trdng nim gifta hai tim LdrnMngio li xoang io Vl phia sau, hai ChSn mep io khdp Igi vdi tgo thinh hai dng hinh phiu gpi li RudI xiphdng, xiphdng hiit d dudi, Hinh Vi tri ngi quan cua Trai sdng xiphdng thoit d trfn TAP CHf THifr B| GlAO DMC - Sd 109 - 9/2014 • 31 II NGHIEN CUU & UNG DUNG Hf bii tilt li thin miu den xim, nim dudi hgeh thin kinh nao - bgn cd diy thin kinh di tdi co xoang bao tim vi co quan Kel)er nim viln bao phia khdp vd trude, thfty mifng vi io Ddi hgeh phu tgng trude xoang bao tim, cd miu hdng Sto phim l)ii tilt dinh vdi nim dudi byn^ cua co khdp vd, cua CO quan Keber dd vio xoang bao tim, rdi qua gin hiu mdn Tft diy ed cic diy thin kinh di tdi byng thin ngoii vi mang Gifta hgeh nio bgn vi hgeh phu tgng cd - Hf sinh dye: Trai sdng li dOng vgt phan tinh: diy thin kinh nao - phu tang (hinh 9) due nhd vi dep, cii Ito vi diy hem Ddi tuyIn sirJi - Ddi bach thin kinh chin nim siu khdi due n3m ghin than, bao quanh hf thdng ruOt, mdi CO chin, vi viy dk thiy dupe phii giii phiu dpe co tuyIn cd inOt Id thdng vdi xoang io nSm ngay^ sau Id chin Ddi hgeh niy lign hf vdi bing mft ciu thin TuyIn sinh dye dye miu tring dye, tuyIn sinh ndi ngin, tft mdi hgeh chin diu ed diy thin kinh dilu dye cii miu ving niu Vio mua sinh sin, cic iu triing kliiln boat dOng cua chin vi cic diy thin kinh lign ciia Trai sdng chfta diy cic li mang hf vdi cic hgeh thin Icinh Icbic Hf tuin hoin: Li hf hd, gdm tim thit vi tim nhT, cic dfng mgch vi tmh mgch etog vdi cic khe xoang Xoang bao tim Ito, cd thinh mdng, H^chnao-bfti OAy th&n kinh n&a • Mn - chto nim phia sau lun^ Tim thit hinh qui biu, nim gifta Hach thJn kinh diftn xoang bao tim, phan sau Ito ban phin trude Hai tim Ciu niii nfto bAn' nhT hinh ehft V, phia dudi tilp xiic vdi hai bfn tim thit quail nhT thit - Hf dfng mgch gdm dOng mgch trude vi dOng mgch sau Phin gde cua dOng mgch trude bao phu hai bgn dng ruOt sau Phin gde ciia dOng mgch sau — D y than Kinh nio • b«n - phCi tpig nim dudi ruOt sau Tft dOng mgch trude ed eie nhinh Hach thfti Wnh pliu lang di vio gan, tyy, co khdp vd trude, thiiy mifng, mang, than, chin vi io Bd mdp io cd dfng mgch chira miu tft tim thit dd vl (hinh 7) O^iKfCh quanh 'O^machchin Hinh H? thdn kinh ciia Trai sdng • Ca quan cim giie quan trpng nhit li binh nang, nim egnh hgeh chin, li mOt tui nhd, vich hii li cic tl bio cim giie ed chit keo bao bpe Binh nang chiu sy dilu khien cua hgeh thin kinh nio - bfn Ngoii Trai sdng cdn cd cic tl bio cim giie phin bd trgn ldp bilu bi ciia thfty mifng vi eie xiphdng Hinh H? dgng mgch cua Trai sdng Tii lifu tham khio -Hf tTnh mgch phin bd d mdp ldp io, diy miu Thii Trin Bii, Nguyin Vin Khang (2005) theo hai hutog trude vi sau rdi trd vl tTnh mgch mang Dgng vgt hgc khdng xuang sdng NXB Dgi hpc Su mang, thyc hifn qui trinh trao ddi d xy, sau dd miu theo cic tTnh mgch rdi mang dd vio tam nhT (hinh 8) phgm Thii Trin Bii (2009) Dgng vgt hgc khdng xuang sdng NXB Giio dye Thii Trin Bii (2010) Gido trinh dgng vdt TSm nhi T»th m»ch i S m hgc NXB Giio dye Vift Nam Miller - Harley Zoology, Fifth Edition Front TWlmjchmang Matter Preface © The McGraw Hill Companies, Tinh m^ch quanh 2001 Lf Trpng Son (2008) Th\re hanh Dgng vdt hgc NXB Dgi hpc Hul Hinh H? tinh mgch cua Trai sdng Nguyin Vto Thi^n, Lf Trpng Son (2008) Hf thin kinh gdm ddi hgeh (hgeh nao - bfn, Dgng vgt khdng xuang sdng NXB Dgi hpc Hul hgeh phu tgng vi bach chin) vi eie day thin kinh Nguyin Quang Vinh (Tdng Chu bign) - Trin Ddi bach nio - bgn hinh tam giie, miu ving nhat, Kien (Chii bifn) - Nguyin Vin Khang (2003) Sdch nim dudi thinh co thi, gin vdi gde thuy mifng Tft gido khoa Sinh hgc NXB Giio dyc.Ehenet 32 • TAP CHf THlffBIGlAO DMC-sd 109-9/2014 ... 2) din chtog thd ca thg Hf tigu hda: Bit diu li thuy mifng gdm day khdi vd, liic niy ngtog dun rdi rang kitin d hai bgn, d gifta li ludi gai Tilp theo la gap dc Khdng gilt chiing thyc quin dii... thi tich Ito Hlp theo li ruOt gifta dii, cuOn thinh nhilu khiic, dogn diu ruOt ehgy tft dg diy hutog phia sau vi xudng dudi, doan cudi etog nim gin song song dpan diu nhung theo chilu ngupe Igi,... Nguyin Vin Khang (2005) theo hai hutog trude vi sau rdi trd vl tTnh mgch mang Dgng vgt hgc khdng xuang sdng NXB Dgi hpc Su mang, thyc hifn qui trinh trao ddi d xy, sau dd miu theo cic tTnh mgch rdi