CQl NGHl£NCliU HOCHOICUATOCHUrC TRONG BOI CANH Tif CHU DAI HOC TAI VIET NAM ThS TR^N QUANG HUY ma KInh te Buiu flien Hoc fl$n Cong nghe smi chfnh Wfin thOq TS PHAM TH! BiCH NGOC TrUttng Dal hoc Klnh l[.]
CQl NGHl£NCliU_ HOCHOICUATOCHUrC TRONG BOI CANH Tif CHU DAI HOC TAI VIET NAM ThS TR^N QUANG HUY ma KInh te Buiu flien - Hoc fl$n Cong nghe smi chfnh Wfin thOq TS PHAM TH! BiCH NGOC - TrUttng Dal hoc Klnh li Quifc dan I.Ddt vdn d l Khoa hpe tdm If dUdc nhilu hpe gid nghien edu vd edng bd cic kit qua lien quan tdi hinh vi hpe hdi cua ngudi Tuy nhien, nghien cdu v l hpc hdi ciia td chdc nhilu ciu hdi dd ddpe dit gdm:Td chdc ed the hoc hdi hay khdng? Td chdc se hoe hdi nhuthi ndo? Mdi lien hi vdi viec hpe hdi cCia cd nhdn td ehUe nhuthe ndo? Trong hdn thip kl vda qua, nhilu trUdng phii If thuylt lien quan da dUde cdng bd d l lim rd bin chit eCia viee hoe hdi cCia td chdc Trong dd, Argyris & Sehon [1] coi vile hpc hdi eiia td chdc nhu mdt qui trinh phdt hien vd sda toi.Theo dd, qui trinh hoat dpng eae td chdc gip nhilu vin de phit sinh v i qud trinh phdt hiln, khac phue dddc cac Idi giiip hinh thdnh tri thdc mdi nhd vao qui trinh tril nghilm thUc tien Khi xlt trdn quan dilm quin trj tri thdc thi hoat dpng ciia td ehUe chfnh ti mdt he thdng gIdt nghTa tri thUe [2] Trong td chdc se cd nhieu tri thdc mdi dddc tilp nhin v i chia si, tri thdc niy duae diln giii gida cie thinh vien thi ho se cd ciing mdt nh^n thdc chung giOp eho hoat ddng cua td chdc dupe ddng bd vd hieu qud FHol & Lytes (3] ^nh nghTa: "Hoc hdi ciia td chdc Id qui trinh thay ddi eiia to chdc dUa trin su phit triln v l tri thdc vd hllu bilt ciia td chdc" Dinh nghia da lim rd bdn ehdt hpc hdi eiia td chdc thdng qua mdi quan h i giOa sU thay doi tri thdc v i qua trinh phit triln ciia to chdc dd Nghidn eUu hpc hdi ciia td chdc nhu mdt qud trinh se glCip hilu rd bin chat td chdc hoe hdi nhU t h l nio de td dd cd cic giii phap thuc diy phit triln Huber [4] da ^ n h nghTa qua trinh bao gdm: tilp nhan tri thdc chia sd thdng tin, giil nghTa thdng tin vd bd nhd ciia to chdc tVlic dii cd nhilu trudng phdi If thuylt khdc nhdng hiu hit eic hoc gid dlu thdng nhat ring: "Hpe hdi eiia td chdc Ii qud trinh thay ddi tri thdc eOa td ehUe difa tren qud trinh trii nghiem thuc tien" [5] Trong bai vilt chiing tdi tdp trung tim hilu bin chat cua qua trinh hpe hdi cda td chdc cde trddng dai h ^ cdng lap tai Viet Nam dang thf dilm ddi mdi cd ehl heat ddng theo Nghj quylt 77 eiia Chfnh phii [10] d l Idm ro M trd CLia hpe hdi cCia td chdc viec ning eao ehdt lifong dio tao nhd vao vile sir dung hieu qui ngudn nhdn liiecOa ede trddng Hoc hdi ctia t6 chilTc cac trddng d^l hpc lUloi trUdng giio due dai hpe trdn t h l gidi dang c6 nhdng thay ddi theo chieu hddng canh tranh hdn, thiic d^y ede trddng dai hpc d n sdm phat trien thinh cde td chlic hpc hdi tfch cife d l cdi thien ket qui giing day v i nghieip edu eiia minh [11 ] Hinh vi v i thdi dd cda cic edn bd, giing viln trddng dai hoe lien quan ch^t ehe tdi hoc hff eiia td chdc va la mdt cic ylu td quan trpng de t^io kit qui hoat ddng vUpt trdi eiia nhd trddng [12] Dod6, vi^c nghien ciru vd thiJe day qua trinh hoc hdi eCia td chiiE cde trddng dai hpc Id rIt d n thilt d l tao Ipi thl e^nh tranh dUa tren tri thdc giup nhd trddng dat dupe cac muc tieu phit then Theo nghien eifu eCia Huber [4], qud trinh hpe hdi eOa td chdc bao gdm ylu td: tilp nhan tri thdc ehia si thdng tin, giii nghia thdng tin vd bd nhd eiia td chdc Trong t r d d ^ dai hoe, tifng ylu niy si cd nhdng dae diem ridng so vdi loai hinh to chdc khde, eu t h l nhd sau: - riep nhdn tri thUe: Tri thdc td chdc dupe ti^ nhin theo nhieu cdch khde nhu khio sit nhu c&i khdeh hdng, phan tich sin pham ciia ddi thii canh tranti, hoat ddng nghien edu & phit trien, dinh gii kit qud hojt ddng cda td chdc Theo Huber [4], vi^c tilp nhin tri thtJfe td chdc dUdc chia thinh eae qua trinh nhd: 1/ Hpe hii ban dlu; 2/ Hpc hdi trdi nghidm; 3/ Hpc hdi td td chdc khSc, 4/ Hpc hdi tU thinh viln mdi; 5/ Hpe hdi qui trlnh TrUdng dai hpe Ii mpt loai hinh td chdc die biet vdi sd tim kiem thdng tin Trong cic trUdng dai hpc vile hoc h6l mang sing tao v i chuyen giao tri thdc mdi eho xa hdi cd cde ban dlu se dien cic cin bp mdi vdo Idm vide sd diftfc hoat dpng ehinh lien quan tdi gidng d^y, nghien cdu vd dich hpc hdi v l Ijch sd truyin thdng, muc tieu v i djnh hifiimg vu [6].TU chd dai hpe dupe djnh nghTa Ii "Quyen ldc ciia nhd phdt trien eda nhi trudng Sau dd, qud trinh th^fe hiSn trudng vile tiiquan trj m i khdng bi phu thupe vio sd cdng vide quin Ii, gidng day hay nghien cdu cOa minh cic kilm sodt td bdn ngoii°[7] va nd Ii bin chat vdn cd ciia eae cin bp ddpe tilp nhin tri thdc mdi Cdc trUdng dai hoc khfc trUdng dai hpc giup dip dng tdt ydu eau eCia xa hdi Trong vdi cic td chdc khde hoat ddng ehuydn mdn ciia nhi trudng d?i hoc gidng vl4n va cin bd quin lila nhdng ngudi trddng cQng chfnh Id cic boat dong hpc hdi, sing t^o.vS cd hllu bllt chuyin sau ITnh vpe giing day nghien ehuyin giao tri thdc Do dd, trddng dai hoc cd kit qui ti^p edu vd ddc dilm edng vile ciia hp tUdng ddi dde lip [8] eho nhin tri thUe tdt hdn so vdi cdc loai hinh td chdc khde nen tU ehii nhi trudng rdt d n tao mdi trudng trao ddi, - Chia si thdng tin: Li nhdn td hinh thinh ndn viet ehia si tri thdc gitiS gidng vien v i cic edn bd quan If d l dp hpe hdi td chdc nhd eae thong tin da dddc chia st dung cdc kiln thdc chuyen siu vdo chfnh hoat ddng quin If Trong cic trddng dai hpe, thdng tin gida cic bd ph|n cda nhi trUdng Dd chfnh la hoat dpng hpe hdi ciia td chdc ddpe ehia si se giup d i thiln hieu qud edng vide ehung.C" eic trddng dai hpc va theo dinh gia cOa Baunman [9] thdng tin ve kit qui hpe tdp ciia sinh vidn dUpc d c glM^ thi cic trddng ehda hpe hdi hieu qud nhd tilm nang sdn cd vidn hay cin bd quin If giio vu eip nhdt kjp thdi thl sd g ^ 22-KHOAHQCGIilODUC acDuCQl bd phdn qudn If ddo tao cd cde d l xuat edi tiln phd hop vdi thuc tien cCia nhi trddng - Dien gidl thpng tin: Li qud trinh giii nghia thdng tin hay bidn dich cdc sd kien d l gidp mpi ngUdi td chdc ciing hilu gidng [2] Do dd, cac ea nhdn td chdc ciing hilu ve mdt thdng tin nao dd thi vile hpc hdi to chdc dd xuat hien Trong d c trudng dai hoc viec ban lanh dao nhi trddng giii thfeh day dd, chi tilt v l cic djnh hudng Idn nhU td chii dai hpc dinh hudng nghien cdu tdi toin t h l cin bd qudn If, gidng vien se giup eho mpi ngudi eting hllu rd v i thdng nhit v l d c djnh hudng vd lam cd sd cho cam kit phit triln chung Trong qud trinh gidng day v i nghien cdu, cac kiln thdc If thuyet ciing nhd thdng tin thuc t l dupe cdp nhdt, chia si gida giang vidn v i d n bd qudn Ii se giiip cho kit qua hoat ddng cOa nha trddng dupe cii thien hdn Tuy nhiln, theo nghien ciili ciia Bauman [9], cic hoat dpng dien gidi thdng tin nhutren cic trUdng dai hpe khdng duac tdt nhU tilm ning Trudng dai hpe la noi tiep nhdn vd chia se tri thdc tdt hdn cic td chdc khac nhung viec ap dung thdng tin, tri thdc dd vio edng viee thpc t l eiia nhi trUdng thl khdng hidu qui nhu tiem nang - Bp nhd cda t6 chdc: Li phddng tien, cich thdc luu gid tri thdc td chdc eho vile sd dung tUdng lai Kinh nghilm thuc te cung nhU ede nghidn cdu d i chi ring bp nhd cua td chdc dda vio tri nhd ciia eon ngddi td chdc Ii ludn khdng dd so vdi yeu d u Khi nghiln cdu ve bp nhd eiia td chdc thl d n quan tam tdi cic phddng phap tdu trd v i truy van thdng tin cho hidu qud Hien nay, trudc sd phdt trien nhanh chdng ciia cdng nghi thong tin thi bd nhd cda td chdc se dua tren he thdng mdy tinh d l lUu gid nhieu thdng tin va truy van nhanh hdn Trong cic trudng dai hpc, bd nhd ciia td chdc ddng vai trd rat quan trpng ei ho^t dpng ehuydn mdn Ian hoat dpng quin If cCia nhd trUdng Tri thUe eda td chdc nhi trUdng d dang quy trinh quin Ii hay cdc quy djnh cho cic ho^t dpng khdo thf, ehUdng trinh ddo tao, hpc lieu, qudn If tdi chfnh, k l toin can dupe liiu trd tren cie h i thdng miy tfnh d l thuan tiln qui trinh sddung Ben canh cac thdng tin qudn If v i chuyen mdn niy, thl nhilu thdng tin mIm khdc dupe Idu gid bdi chfnh ede gidng vien, edn bp nghien edu hay edn bp quin If kinh nghilm gidp gidi quylt cac van d l thdc t l nhd viec gidm sdt chat Iddng ddo tao, chat Idcmg nghiln edu hay phuong phip giing day nhd trUdng Oi thOe d^y qua trinh hpc hdi ciia td chdc cic trUdng dai hpc cie nhi nghidn euU eung da chi nhieu giai phdp khac Cu the, Bauman [9] cho rang d c trUdng can phii khuyin khich can bd qudn Ii, giing vien ddi mdi, sing tao de hudng tdi chat lupng dio tao v i kit qui hoat dpng chung ciia td chdc Ngoai ra, sdtham gia cua epng ddng vio ede hoat ddng eCia trddng dai hpe Id dilu kien rat tdt de thue ddy hoc hdi cCia td chdc v i cin phii truyen thdng tdi t i t ci cae thinh vidn nhd trUdng nhU dn bd qudn If, gidng viln, sinh viln vd eic d nhin liln quan khic hilu v l vi^c de i p dung vio tifng dieu kidn eu the cda cdc trUdng Trong dd, mdi quan hd giufa trUdng dai hpc v i doanh nghiep se Id dilu kien thiic diy chit lupng dio tao sit vdi thpe te cong vile cung nhU giup chat lUdng nghidn eUu khoa hpc dl dung trpng tdm han, gidl quylt tdt hem nhu du eCia thdc tien Cudi ciing, so vdi dc td chdc khic thl cic trddng dai hpc ed mot ngudn luc chuyen gia rlt ddi ddo cac ITnh \are qudn Ii, gidng day v i nghiln cdu gdp phan quan trpng de phdt trien nhi trddng td chdc hpc hdi tich cUc nhanh, hieu qui hdn ede loai hinh td chdc khac Cdc nghien cUu tren da cho thIy sU can thilt phii thiic day qui trinh hpe hdi eiia td chdc cde trUdng dai hpe d l khai thie toi da tiem nang tri thdc eiia d c thdnh vien td chdc dd giup cic trudng dai hpe phat triln v i ddp iitig tdt ylu d u eiia xa hdi Vile phan tich qua trinh hoc hdi theo yeu to ciia Huber [4] se giOp hllu rd bin chit ciia qui trinh trddng dai hpc eung nhd mdc dd tdc ddng ciia nd vdo kit qud hoat ddng ciia nhd trdcmg dde biet boi cinh doi mdi giao due dai hpe tai Viet Nam Hpc hAi cDa tS chdc d i thien k i t q u i hoat ddng bdi d n h tdchil dai hoc tai Vilt Nam Sau gan 30 nam dot mdi dat nUdc, he thdng gido due dai hpc ciia Viet Nam da ed nhuTng tuU nhat ^ n h lien quan tdi viec md rdng quy md dao tao, phit trien dupe doi ngu gidng vien, md rdng hap tdc qudc t l Tuy nhien, Nghi quylt 29 d i khang ^nti chat tupng giio due dai hoc ctia Viet Nam edn nhilu han ehl, ehda dip dng duocylu d u v l cdng nghilp hda, hiln dai hda dat nUde cong tdc qudn It edn nhieu bat cdp, ndi dung v i phuang phip giing day chua phii hop vdi thuc tien Do dd, viec ddi mdi todn dien giio due\^et Nam la rIt edn thilt v i d i dUpc Bd Giio due v i Ddo tao eung nhU cic trddng dai hoe trien khai thdng qua vile ban hanh cac van bin phap ludt vd eae k l hoach hinh dpng triln khai rIt chi tilt d l giao due gdp phan dim bio tdi ndm 2025-2030 Viet Nam trd thdnh nUdc edng nghiep, hien dai khu vdc Theo Nghi quylt 29, muc tieu ddi mdi giao due dai hpc theo hudng dio tao nhan Idc trinh dd cao, bdi dddng nhan t i i , phdt triln phIm ehdt v i ning lue tu hpc tU lim giiu tri thUe v i sing tao cua ngudi hoc phat trien ca d u trddng, nginh nghe dao tao phti hap vdi quy hoach ngudn nhdn ldc qudc gia theo muc tilu cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nddc thi nhi nudc d i ban hanh nhilu quy i^nh nhu Luit Giio due Dai hpe; Dieu le trUdng dai hpc va die biet Id Nghj quylt v l Thi dilm ddi mdi ca ehe hoat ddng eda cic trudng dai hpc cdng lip theo hudng td ehii Trddng dai hpe Ii mpt td chdc die biet theo dd cdc thinh vien deu Id nhdng ngUdi ed tri thdc, hilu biet chuyen sau cic tinh vdc chuyin mdn v i die diem nghe nghiep ed tfnh dpe tap rat eao, do khd nang boat ddng tif chd ti rat quan trpng d l trudng dai hoe ndi chung hay tifng thinh vien ndi rilng phit huy tinh ehC dpng, sing tao edng viec cua minh dupe quyen tham gia vao cdc quylt dinh lien quan Ve thdc tien, viec x i hdi hda hoat dpng gido due dai hpe Id rat can thiet de huy dpng nguon lUc xd hdi glOp nang eao chit lUdng gido due dai hoc d l Nha nUdc cd the dau td ed chilu sau ban vio mpt sd ITnh viic, mpt sd trddng dai hoe trpng dilm Chinh phii dd ban hanh nghi quylt ve vide thi diem ddi mdi ca chi hoat ddng eiia cic trddng dai hpc cdng lap giai doan 2014-2017 v i muc tieu Id trao quyen tUehii eho d e trudng dai hpe v l tdi chfnh, nhdn sU vd chuyen mdn d l nhi trddng sd dung hpp Ii, hieu qui cie ngudn lUe nhim nang cao chat Iddng dao tao dai hpc, giim ehl cho ngdn sach Nhd nude ddng thdi khong tdm gidm ea hot tilp can giio due dai hoc ciia sinh vien nghdo, sinh vien ta ddi tuang S6127-T1IANG4/2016-S3 C Q NGHieNCflU ehinh sdeh Theo n g h j q u y e t t r e n , d c t r d d n g dai hpc edng phep Thiic d i y hpc hdi cua t d chdc t r o n g cdc trUd^g d^ lap cam k i t t u d a m b d o t o d n b o ehl phf boat d d n g t h u d n g hpe ta m p t t r o n g ede g i i i p h i p q u a n t r p n g g l i i p p h i t hiiy x u y I n v i chi p h i d d u t d d d d e t h d c hien t u ehii, t d chju trdeh tdi da n g u d n tuc tri t h d c cila cdc d n b p q u d n If, gidng vien n h i l m t o i n d i e n ve vide t h i i c hien nhiem v u dao tao, nghidn vao hoat d d n g ciia nha t r u d n g , tU d d c i i t h i d n k i t q u i hoat c d u khoa h p c c d n g tdc t d chdc b d mdy va n h i n sU eung d p n g ndi c h u n g va n i n g cao c h i t tdpng d a o t a o n d i rieng n h u t u ehii v l t i i c h i n h Khi d d , c i c trUdng dai hpe cam k i t d d m b i o chat l u p n g d i o tao, bdo t o d n vd phat trien v d n , tdi sdn eiia Nhd nddc giao t h e o q u y d j n h ciia phap l u a t Tfnh t d i T A I L I E U T H A M KHAO [1] Argyris, C & Sehon, D.A, (1978),'Organ/zatfonol thcri d i l m hien nay, ed nddc cd 13 t r u d n g dai hpc edng Idp Learning: da d U d c T h i i t d d n g Chinh phO p h e duyet d i an ddi m d i v i Wesley hoat d p n g K i t t h i i c giai d o a n 2014-2017, ket q u i thf d i l m A Theory of Action Perspective', ndy se ddpe d i n h gid d l t r i l n khai t r e n t i t cd c i c trUdng dai of organizations hpc t r e n d M a n a g e m e n t Review, 9,284-295 nUdc G i i i p h a p thuc 6iy h p c h d i ciia t o chdc t r o n g cdc t r d d n g d a i hpc D l t h a n h edng t r o n g giai doan t i i c h i i t h e o Nghj q u y l t [3] as an interpretation system', Fiol, C M., M.A Lyies, (1985), Academy of 'Organizational learning', Academy M a n a g e m e n t Review, 10,803-813 [4] Huber, G P, (1991), 'Organizational 77 [10], d c t r d d n g can van d u n g q u y l n t d chO ve tdi ehinh, contributing t d chdc nhan s u va hoat d d n g e h u y i n m d n d e n i n g cao Science, 2:88-115 hieu q u d sd d u n g n g u d n ldc g i u p nang eao chat i d d n g d d o MA:Addition- [2] Daft, R L a n d K E Weick, (1984), Toward a model processes and [5] Argote, learning: The the literatures' Linda, and Organizational Ella Miron-Spektor, tao v i k h d n g g i i m c d h d i hpc t i p eiia sinh v i l n ngheo, sinh 'Organizational vien ehinh sdeh C i c k l hoach tren se php thupe vao k h i Organization Science 22.5 (2011); 1123-1137 nang t i i chinh ciia n h i trUdng va he t h i n g ea e h l qudn t n [6] learning: From experience to knowledge, Johnes, J and Taylor, J., (1990), Performana npi b d p h i i hap.\^ee ede t r d d n g t i n g mdc t h u hpc p h i cung Indicators phan n d o d i p d n g dupe yeu cau dau tU eho chat l u a n g Tuy for Research Into Higher Education & Open University, n h i l n , nha t r u d n g can phat huy tdi da n g u d n life tri t h d c s3n Buckingham ed eiia m i n h d e cdc edn b d q u i n Ii, g i i n g vien d d n g g d p t n in Higher Education: Buckingham, [7] 8ERDAHL, R 0., GRAHAM, J., & PIPER, D R., (1971), t h d c v i kinh n g h i e m v i o hoat d p n g qudn lleOa nha t r d d n g 'Statewide Ben canh do, viec tao m d t m d i t r d d n g l i m viee cd d d n g American Council on Education coordination of higher education', l d c k h u y i n khich ede t h d n h v i l n phdt t r i l n chuyen m d n cua [8] Clark, B.R ,(1983), The Higher m i n h se ta d i l u kidn quan t r p n g d e d a t dUde muc t i e u nang Berkeley:The University of California Press cao chat lUdng d i o tao The Society [9] Washington, Education System ,, Bauman, G L.,(2005), 'Promoting Organizationci - Cde t r u d n g can nghien euXi vd xdy d u t i g hd t h d n g co Learning in Higher Education to Achieve Equity In Education^ e h l q u i n tri ndi b d p h i i h p p vdi q u y l n tU chii hen quan tdi Outcomes', New Directions for higher Education, 131,23-3^ t i i chfnh, nhan sii v i hoat d p n g chuyen m o n de g i i i p tao [10] Chinh p h i i , (2014), Nghi quyet so 77/2014/NQ