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® GIAO OUC NUOC NGOAI DAY HOC KHOA HOC QUA KHAM PHA TRONG CHUDNG TRINH VA TAI UEU HOC TAP CUA SINGAPORE VO THj MINH NGUY|T Vien Khoa hoc Gilo due Hfil Nam Tdm tdt Viet Nam dang trong giai dogn doi mdi[.]
® GIAO OUC NUOC NGOAI DAY HOC KHOA HOC QUA KHAM PHA TRONG CHUDNG TRINH VA TAI UEU HOC TAP CUA SINGAPORE VO THj MINH NGUY|T Vien Khoa hoc Gilo due Hfil Nam Tdm tdt: Viet Nam dang giai dogn doi mdi ehuung trinh vd sdch gido khoa theo dinh hUdng phdt triin ndng ttfc hge sinh (HS), viee doi mdi phuang phdp dgy hpc Id rdt quan trpng Vdi mdn Khoa hoc, dgy hgc qua khdm phd Id mdt nhtfng phUOng phdp phd hop vdi ddc thtf mdn hge vd vdi muc tiiu phdt triin ndng Itfc ddc thtf cung nhu ndng Itfc chung Vi vdy dinh hudng dSi mdi phuang phdp day hpc theo djnh hudng phdt triin ndng Itfc HS eda Viet Nam thdi gian tdi dgy hoc khdm phd Id mot phuang phdp cdn dupc chO trpng Ndi dung bdi viit di vdo trinh bdy vd phdn tich vdn di day hgc khoa hgc qua khdm phd chuang trinh vd tdi lieu hgc tap eua Singapore, ttf rut mpt sSkinh nghiim day hge khoa hpe qua khdm phd tgi Viet Nam Ttf khda: Dgy hge khdm phd; mon Khoa hge; hpe sinh (Nhgn bdi ngdy 14/4/2016; Nhdn kit qud phdn biin vd chinh stfa ngdy 01/6/2016; Duyit dang ngdy 24/6/2016) Dat van de Mdt thdnh td quan trpng cua q u i trinh day hoc chfnh la phUOng phap day hpe Da ed rat nhieu nghien eiixi khic d l dUa d c phUdng phip day hoc t i l n tiln, tich eye dap dng ede yeu d u khdc eiia ddi mdi gido dye Myc t i l u gilo due cda nhilu ndde d t h i ki XXi, dd ed Viet Nam Id dgy hpc phat trien ndng luc HS Cd t h i khing dmh ring, khdng cd phuong phdp hay kT thuat dgy hpe la tdi Uu eho myc tieu dd, md mdi phUdng phdp, kT thudt d f u ed nhdng uu dilm, han c h l vd ed the phu hdp vdi mdt sd mdn hoc nhat djnh Mdt nhdng phuong phdp phu hpp vdi dgy hoe phdt triln nang lyc HS Id dgy hpe khoa hpc qua kham pha Trong bdi viet nay, ehiing tdi nghien edu kinh nghifm vln dyng phUdng phap day hpe khim pha vao ehUdng trinh vd tdi lifu hpe tap mdn Khoa hpe eda Singapore Quan nilm v l day hpc khoa hoc qua khIm pha Khdi nifm khdm pha dupc dung de chf sy phdt hifn edi mdi Bit d l u td nda cudi t h i ki XX, td "kham pha" ddde dUa vao nha trddng Hpe tap dUa tren khdm pha {Inquiry - based learning, IBL) 11 mdt phUdng phap sd pham, phat triln d c hogt dpng nghien cdu day hpe td nhdng nam 1960.Triet lieOa hoc t i p qua khIm pha chfnh Id li thuyet hpe tap kiln tgo, nhU cdc nghien cdu cda Piaget, Dew/ey, Vygotsky, va Freireamong, Phuong phap day hoc truyln thdng dan dupe thay the bang day hpc tfch cue, dd cle hoat ddng hpc tap nham hlnh kiln thdc mdi thdng qua viee gidi quyet ede nhifm vu hpc tap HS thdc hiln bang d e hogt ddng tU nghiin cdu d c tdi lifu, trao ddi, thIo ludn nhdm d i n cdc hogt ddng tim tdi qua thdc hanh, thi nghiem, nhdng hoat ddng eiia HS dupe goi la kham phd, Quan niem v l dgy hpc khoa hpc qua khdm phd (Inquiry - based science education, IBS): John Dewey, mdt trilt gia ndi tieng ve gido dye dau t h i kl XX, la ngUdi 116 CGFAODUC dau t i l n chd y v l di xuat dgy hpc khoa hpc nhU mdt qua trinh kham phd vd cdch tu chd khdng phli II vile ghi nhd kiln thdc mdt chd di Cd nhieu quan diem khdc v l day hpe khoa hpe qua khdm phd, dd rd rang hdn ed la dgy hpc khoa hpc qua kham phi la mdt "phuang phdp dgy hpc khoa hgc mdHS hgc khoa hgc bdng each stf dung cdc phUUng phdp, thdi dd vd ki ndng tuang ttfnhuede nhd khoa hge khihg tiin hdnh nghiin ctfu khoa hpe" Dgy hpe khoa hpc qua kham pha cd mot sd die dilm nhd sau: HS ddae tham gia df xuat/phdt trien cdc d u hdi nghifn edu; thyc hifn d c qua trinh thue nghifm, thu t h i p dd Ilfu; phdn tieh vd xd li thdng tin; gidi thfch sau phan tfch va xd If thdng tin thu thdp dupe; kit ndi di gili thieh cdc kien thdc thu nhdn ddpc td qud trinh tim tdi kham pha, lap k l hoach cho eae nghiin cdu tilp theo, Kinh nghiim day hoc khoa hoc qua kham phi cda Singapore 3.1 Vi chuang trinh Day hpc khoa hoc qua kham pha la quan dilm chii dgo day hpe khoa hpe cila Singapore Quan difm ndy the hiln van bdn chuong trinh mdn Khoa hpe mdi Theo ehUdng trinh khoa hpc cda Singapore, day hpc khoa hpc khdng chl dan thuin Id cung d p kiln thdc, thdnh q u i dat dupe eda cdc nhd khoa hpe md cdn phli ehi cho HS thay eon dddng d c nhd khoa hpc da thyc hifn de cd k i t q u i dd; td dd HS dddc thdc hiln d c nghidn edu theo eon dddng tUdng ty, phdt triln dddc cae kT ndng tien trinh khoa hpe, hlnh thdnh va phdt triln dupe cdc ning lye Thdng qua phUdng phdp ndy, HS cdn cd t h i ap dyng d e kT nang qua trinh vao vile gidi quylt cdc van de, hifn tUdng tU nhifn vdi thai dd diing myc ChUdng trinh cdng nlu mdt sd net dac trUng cda dgy hoe khoa hpe qua khIm pha nhu d Bing ' j b r GIAO OOC NUOCNGOAl ® Sdng 1: Mdt so ddc trUng eua dgy hpc khoa hgc qua khdm phd Ddc diem cO bdn cda day hpc khoa hpc qua klidm phd Tang Gidm ^ ^ ^ ^ Cdu hdi Dgt dUdc cau hdi HS bj thu hut vdo cae vln dl, hifn tupng, sU viec deem Lupng HSty dinh hudng Gidm LUdng hudng din td gido vien hodc tdi lieu Tang ^^^^ Lya chpn gida cdc edu Lam rd hoac phdn tfch Chap nhdn edu hdi hdi eau hdi dUpc cung cap cho trUdc BSng chdng Xdc djnh chiirig cd vd Tryc tilp thu thap cdc Oupc cho trudc cdc dd Oupc cho trUde eac HS UU tien cdc bing thu thap chdng dd Wiu eho trUdc lieu vd hdi d l phdn tfch dd lieu va hdi each chiilKj d c em chiing phdn tich chung Gidi thfch HS tu gidi thfch dUdc Dupc hudng din qua Dupe cung d p cdch oupc cung d p d e HS tim dch gidi thich sau tdng hpp cle trinh hinh thdnh gidi cd thf sd dung d l hinh chdng ed chiing ed thfch dya vdo chdng gidi thich td deem chdng cd Kft ndi Kilm tra d c ngudn Oupc chl dan hudng Dupe chi cdc kit ndi Oupc cung d p kit HS ddnh gil gidi thfch khdc vd hinh cdc tdi nguon kiln thdc CO t h i ndi kit ndi vdi nhdng gidi cua chung cdc em thfch trude dd TmyIn thdng Hinh thdc, trinh bdy Oupc hudng din de GUdc chl din giao tiep phat triln giao tilp (HS bao cdo v l minh logic, hpp If hoa kit qud cdc em ) OUdc hudng dan tdng budc giao tif p 3.1 i Vi npi dung dgy hpc chuang trinh khoa hgc cda Singapore Npi dung dgy hpe II mdt phan quan trpng hd trd dgy hpc khdm p h i dat hifu q u i cao hdn Vi vgy, ehuang trinh mdn Khoa hpc mdi d trung hpc ca sd cda Singapore nfu rd y nghia cda vile dda cle ngd d n h hpc tap Id d c tinh hudng ddi sdng thdc vdo mdn Khoa hpe Vifc di/a cdc ngd d n h hpe t i p hay vd cd ;? nghia se thu hut dupe HS tham gia ddt elu hdi v l tim kiem kifn thdc vd c6 the gidp hp dgt dupe myc t i l u II hilu biet sdu sic hdn ve ede chd de khoa hpe Day Id diem khde biet Idn giii^ hai chUdng trinh thed ndi dung (chuong trinh nam 2008) vd chuong trinh thed nang lyc (chucmg trinh nam 2014) Chuong trinh theo ndng lue Id ehUong trinh tieh hpp eao, cimg vdi sU kft hpp vifc dUa ngd einh hpe tdp vdo, elc module ehUdng trinh khda hpe Singapore ndm 2014: Vat chat quanh t a ( d c chd d l : Tfnh chat eua vdt chat, dung djch, huyln phti, d nhiem ngudn nudc, nhifm khong khi) Nhdng ban khodn vf co the eon ngudi,, d l u phii hap vdi vifc sddung phuang phdp day hpc khdm phd 3.1.2 Ddnh gid dgy hoc khdm phd Ngay v l n bdn chUdng trinh Singapore chl ro, day hpc khIm phi, vile danh gid cd the thye hifn qua nhilu hlnh thdc khde Ngoai eac bai thi vilt, giao vien cdthe thye hiln danh gil qui nhifu kfnh khdc nhau- Bdi thUc hdnh, qud trinh thue hifn du an, 5ddd 1: Cdc bUdc nghiin ctfu khoa hgc dUac trinh bay bdng kilm quan sit, qua sdn phim la eac md hinh, sd f™"9 tdi liiu Singapore dd, poster, q u i trinh thdo luin, chia sf vd bdo cao kit qua trinh Hd sO hoe tap cdn giOp HS vifc ty ddnh qud Gido vien cd the ddnh gia HS qua hd so hpc tip Hd gid bdn thdn vd ddnh gil ddng dang so hpe tap cda HS chfnh Id bdc tranh md ta day dd v l qud 3.2 Tdi liiu hpe tdp trinh hpc tip, sy tien bd vd thdnh tich cOa HS sudt Chung tdi nghiin edu bd tai lieu All about science stfl29-THiiNGG/Z01B*ll7 ® GIAO OOC NUOC NGOAl topical esentical guide for lower secondary eda NXB Pearson xuat b i n nam 2014, bd t i i lllu xuat b i n dua t r i n chuong trinh quoc gia mdi nam 2013 (bd tdi lieu vilt eho HS) Tdi lieu hpe t i p cda Singapore dupe biln soan theo djnh hudng vile day vd hpe theo d c hogt ddng Viee danh mdt ndi dung t i l lifu d l chi d c bude nghiin cdu cho thay sy chu cua d c nhd gido dye Singapore theo phuong phdp dgy hpe khdm phd Cle bude nghiin edu khoa hpe dupe trinh bay tdi lieu cda Singapore: Cung vdi dd, vdi mdi ndi dung thuc nghiim cdc bai eu the, tai lifu mdn Khoa hpe eCia Singapore cung dda theo d c budc ro rang bao gdm: Muc dich, dyng eu boa chat, quy trinh, phdn tieh, kit ludn, thao ludn Cic hogt ddng dupe thiet ke chi t i l t hd trp HS va giao vien cae boat ddng day va hpe khdm pha.Theo cleh dd, HS s l dupc ldm quen d i n vdi cle budc nghiin cdu khoa hpc, ddpc thyc hlnh va phdt triln d c kT nang q u i trinh, lam nen ting chd vile phdt triln d c ndng lyc Ndi dung dupc lya chpn cae bdi hpc d tai lifu rat gan gui vdi thye tien cupc sdng eiia HS, khdng ed nhiimg van de qua khd, ban ldm Dieu lam tdng hdng thd eda HS hpe tgp eiing nhu nghifn cdu khoa hpe, eung nhu hd tro HS rit Idn vdn dung kiln thdc de nghifn edu, kham phd, gili quylt cle vln df lifn quan d i n thue tien Vi dy, vdi chd d l bien ddi hoi hoe, tai lifu lya chpn d c ndi dung b l i , bao gdm: Cle loai biln ddi; d e qua trinh I I nguyfn nhdn gly biln ddi hoi hpe (nhift, Inh sing, ddng difn, trdn cdc chit); axit, bazo, chit chi thi; md hlnh hat v l biln ddi hod hpe; Inh hudng eiia biln ddi hoi hpc Cd rat nhilu cle phdn dng thye tien Suae dua vIo ndi dung chii d l : Phin dng chay cua than da; phin dng t i l u hod dudng, phdn dng gi sat, phdn dng quang hpp, Ket luan Xlc dinh dupe y nghTa cOa phUdng phip dgy hpc khoa hoc qua khdm pha vdi sp hinh va phit trien ning lye cho HS, phUdng phdp da dUpe dua vdo ehUdng trinh v l tai lieu hpe t i p cda Singapore ChUdng trinh mdn Khoa hpc cda Singapore neu rat rd vai trd eiia phuong phdp day hpe khoa hpc cung nhu ed nhCmg ehi dan eho vile thye hien day va hpc eung nhu ddnh gid HS thue hifn phuang phip Td djnh hudng dd, tdi liiu hpe tap mdn Khoa hpc cung dupc lya chpn ndi dung v l bien sogn tdi lieu tao dilu kiln cho gilo vif n va HS thye hien dgy vd hpc khoa hpc qua khdm pha Vift Nam dang giai dogn ddi mdi ehdong trinh va sleh gilo khoa theo djnh hddng phit triln nang lUe HS, vifc ddi mdi phUOng phdp day hpc Id rat quan trpng Ven' mdn Khoa hpe, dgy hpe qua khdm phi Id mpt nhdng phdtxng phap phu hc^ vdi dac thd mdn hpc va vdi myc tieu phit trien nang lUc ddc thii ciing nhu ndng lye ehung Vi vdy, djnh hudng ddi mdi phuong phip day hoe theo ^ n h hudng phit triln ning lye HS cda Vilt Nam thdi gian tdi, day hpc khdm phd Id mdt phUdng phap can dUdc chd trpng Oe thUe hifn dupe difu ndy, d n thiet cd them nhdng nghien cdu diy dd hon v l phuang phip, each thdc thyc hifn eung nhUcd nhung nghiin cdu slu hon d l v l n dung phdong phap day hpe kham phd vao nhdng ndi dung, chd di cy the thdi gian tdi TAILIIUTHAMKHAO [1] Vygotsky, LS., (1962), Thought and Language Cambridge, MA: MIT Press [2], Koay Suan Se, (2015), Principles & Characteristics oflBSE [3] Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd, Singapore, (2014), AH about science: Topical essential guide for lower secondary volume 2, based on the new 2013 MOE syllabus DISCOVERY TEACHING METHOD IN CURRICULUM AND LEARNING MATERIAL IN SINGAPORE Vu Thi Minh Nguyet The Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Abstract: Vietnam is on the way torenew curriculum and textbook towards students'competence development, in whichthe change in teaching methods is cruciaL Discovery teaching is a suitable methods to Science subject, to target specific and general competence development So the teaching innovation should be paid more attention to students'competence development in Vietnam in the coming time This article presentsand analyze discovery teaching method in Science subject in Singapore, then withdraws some lessons-learnt in science teaching through discovery Keywords: Discovery teaching; Science subject; pupils 1 ' K H O A HOC GlAO DUC ... chuang trinh khoa hgc cda Singapore Npi dung dgy hpe II mdt phan quan trpng hd trd dgy hpc khdm p h i dat hifu q u i cao hdn Vi vgy, ehuang trinh mdn Khoa hpc mdi d trung hpc ca sd cda Singapore. .. khdm phd Cle bude nghiin edu khoa hpe dupe trinh bay tdi lieu cda Singapore: Cung vdi dd, vdi mdi ndi dung thuc nghiim cdc bai eu the, tai lifu mdn Khoa hpe eCia Singapore cung dda theo d c budc... phip dgy hpc khoa hoc qua khdm pha vdi sp hinh va phit trien ning lye cho HS, phUdng phdp da dUpe dua vdo ehUdng trinh v l tai lieu hpe t i p cda Singapore ChUdng trinh mdn Khoa hpc cda Singapore