Cdng trinh Khoa hgc QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH VE VAI TRO CUA GIAO DUC ThS ©INH QUANG THANH Bt) mdn Tu ludng Hd Cht Minh Khoa Ly lugn Chinh Iri Trudng Dgi hpc Giao Ihdng VSn tdi Tdm tdt Hd Chi Minh Id[.]
Cdng trinh Khoa hgc QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH VE VAI TRO CUA GIAO DUC ThS ©INH QUANG THANH Bt) mdn Tu ludng Hd Cht Minh Khoa Ly lugn Chinh Iri Trudng Dgi hpc Giao Ihdng VSn tdi Tdm tdt: Hd Chi Minh Id vf lanh tu muon vdn kinh yeu cua ddn toe Viet Nam Ngudi quan tdm sdu sdc din su nghiep gido due va ddo tgo Co thi noi Ho Chi Minh Id ngudl da khai sinh nin gido due Viel Nam mdi Tu tuang gido due cua Ngudi Id mgt he thong quan diem todn di?n vd sdu sdc vi nhirng vdn de ca ban cua gido due Viit Nam Trong he thong do, Ngudl dgc biet quan ldm din vai tro cua gido due Ngudi coi gido due ddo Igo Id dpng lyc quan trpng di thuc ddy suphdt trien kinh li - xd hpi ciia ddt nudc Hiin nay, chiing la dang liin hdnh cong cuoc "doi mdi lodn diin vd sdu sac nen gido due Viet Nam" Do dd viic nghiin cuu lu luang Ho Chi Minh vi gido dgc ndi chung vd quan diim ciia Ngudi ve vai tro cua gido due noi rieng la viic ldm cdy nghia ly ludn vd thuc liin sdu sdc Summary: Ho Chi Minh was the leader of boundless love ofthe people of Vietnam Born the people deeply interested in the cause of education and training Ho Chi Minh City can say who gave birth to a new education Vietnam The ideology of education is a holistic system perspective and insight into the basic problems of education in Vietnam In that system, he particularly interested in the role of education The education is considered an important driving force lo promote economic development - economic development ofthe country Currently, we are conducting a "comprehensive reform and profound education m Vietnam" Thus the study of Ho Chi Minh ideology on education in general and his views on the role of education in particular is making significant theoretical and practical depth Chi Minh quan tam siu sic din vai trd cua I DAT VAN DE Tu tudng giao dye Ho Chi Minh la mdt he thdng quan diem toan dien va sau sac ve giio due ddi vdi su hinh nhan cich ngirdi cung nhu su phit triln bin vung cita dit nuac nhung vin de ca bin ciia giao dye Viet Nam, tir giao dye dan chu nhin dan tien len giao due II NOI DUNG xa hgi chil nghTa Dd la tu tudng giao dye H6 Chi Minh xac djnh giao due la yeu nhim bdi dudng can ngirdi Viet Nam yeu , , , , - t , * ! jL_ nuac, CO nhan cach, co y thuc tu luc tu cuong , X L- u U-• L ke tuc trung su nghiep cach mang eua „ • , ^, T *.*-.• Dang va cua dan toe Tu tuang da da tra ° , ,, , kim chi nam cho v,ec xay dimg mpt nen giao due Viet Nam tien tien hien da, Trong he thong tir tirong ve giao due Ho **> " ^ " *ãã?"Đ " ' " * ' **'^"'' " ' ' ^ " ' ^ ' * ' ' '*^'' chat cua moi ngirdi * Thdne thudng, nhan cich ciia ngudi iiiuug 5, i T.i duac hinh dudi tac dpng cua rat nhteu -• ; yeu to khac nhu moi truang song, su tac ^,_^^ ^ ^ _ j ^ ^ ^ ^ ^1^ „_ ^ , , ^ ^ , ^ ^^^^ ^^^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ U^,, ^.,^g^^i viet chung ta ^ j , , ^, ,^yg, j j | |,^j ^4^ ^•„ (6 nay, coi la Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So43-09/2013 97 Cdng trinh Khoa hgc yeu td quyet dinh den nhan each ngudi theo xu hudng "d biu thi trdn, d dng thi dai" , H6 Chi Minh khang dinh su tac ddng cua cac yeu td ben tren den su hinh nhin cich, tri tue, ban chat ngudi Tuy nhien, Ngirdi cho rang giio dye quyet djnh den su bien ddi tu tudng tim iy vi nang cao nhin thirc ciia ngudi Giao dye trd thinh dieu kien tien quyet cho viec hinh va phit trien ban chit ngudi Nd la vu sic ben de cai tgo, xay dung ngudi phat trien toan dien Hd Chi Minh khang djnh: "Ngii thi cung nhu luong thien Tinh day phin ke dir hien Hien dir diu phii Ii tinh san, Phan nhieu giio dye mi nen"( 1) Ngudi nhan mgnh: "6c cua nhiing ngudi tudi tre sgch nhu mdt tim lua trang Nhugm xanh nd se xanh Nhudm nd se dd" (2), Do do, ngudi tot hay xiu, tii gidi hay ddt nat, cd ich hay khdng phu thudc rat nhieu vao giao dye Ho Chi Minh cdn nhteu lan khang dinh vai trd cua giao due ddi vdi su hinh nhan each ngudi, Mgt mat, giio dye la su tic ddng cd muc dich, cd he thong, theo mdt td chuc chat che, nd phac thao trudc md hinh nhan each can dat den Mat khac, giio dye truyen lai nhCrng tuu ciia nen van minh xa hdi theo dudng ngan nhit, hieu qua nhat Nhin cich ngudi dupe hoin thien bdi mdt nen giao dye xa hpi va tu giao dye toin dien se trd nhii'ng ngudi vira "hdng", vira "chuyen"; viia cd phim chat, vira cd ning luc; nhirng cdng dan tdt, nhu'ng cin bd tdt, se thye hien thing lpi myc tieu xay dung mdt nudc Viet Nam mdi Diy li each nhin nhan mdi, cd su phii hgp vdi quan diem giio due hien dai, nd khang djnh tam nhin chien lupc ctia Hd Chi Minh Giao due la nhan to quan trpng ddi vol su* phat trien ciia dat nirdc Theo Ngudi: "Mot dan tdc dot la mpt dan tpc yeu" (3) Dieu dd cd nghTa Ii neu giio dye 98 cham phat triln, yeu kem thi nhin dan se ddt, se lam eho dat nudc, dan tdc hen yeu chgm phit trien Neu "mdt dan tdc ddt la mpt dan tdc yeu" thi mdt dan tpc gidi se li mdt dan tpc mgnh, cudng thjnh va phat trien, Chinh vi viy, sau dat nudc \ira gianh dupc dpc lap nga> phien hpp dau lien ciia Chinh phu lam thdi (03-9-1945), Hd Chi Minh dl nhiem vu cap bach ciia chinh quyen mdi, dd cd nhiem vy ve giao dye, dd li "can md mdt chien djch de chdng ngn mil chii" va "giio dye Igi tinh than nhan dan bang cich thuc hien: CAN KIEM LIEM CHJNH" (4) Ngudi chi rd: Mdt nlul'ng cdng \ ice phai thirc hien cap tdc liic la nang cao dan tri bdi khdng mdt qudc gia nao cd the tien hinh xiy dung mdt che dp xi hdi mdi va bno ve Td qudc Ihanh cdng dieu kien van hda dan trf dao dire, tinh thin xa hpi ihap kem Chira day mdt tuin sau dgc lap, ba sic lenh quan irong ve giao due da dirge Ngudi ky va ban hanh: Sic lenh 17-SL, thinh lap Nha Binh din hpc vu Sac lenh 19-SL, quy dinh mpi lang phai cd ldp hpc binh din va Sac lenh 20-SL, cudng bach hpc chfr Quoc ngu khdng mat tien Trong "Thu giri cac hpc sinh" nhan ngiy khai tnrdng dau tien ciia nudc Viet Nam doe lap Hd Chi Minh viel: "Non song Viet Nam cd trd nen tuai dep hay khdng, din tpc Viet Nam cd budc ldi dai vinh quang de sdnh vai vdi cac cudng qudc nam chau'dirac hay khdng, chinh li nhd mpt phan ldn d cdng hoc tap cua cac em" (5) Y thirc sau sac v| tri vai trd ciia giio due nhu vgy nen sau niy dii d cuang vj nao Hd Chi Minh cung chu truong xiy dung nen giio due Viet Nam mdi nham dao tgo nhirng eon ngudi xa hpi chu nghTa vira "hdng" vira "chuyen" dip irng yeu ciu ciia cdng cupc "khang chien kien qudc" va su nghiep xay dung chii nghTa xa hdi Ngudi khang djnh "Vi lpi ieh mudi nam thi phii trdng cay Vi lgi ich trim nam thi phii trdng ngudi" Nhin logt da birdc vao thip ki thir hai ciia Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 43 - 09/2013 Cdng Irinh Khoa hgc the ki XX! vdi nhirng bien ddng sau sic ve kinh te - xa hgi Su biing nd ciia kinh te tri thuc vi xi hdi thdng tin, dieu dd ngiy cing khing djnh vai trd quan trgng eiia giao due Cd the ndi thing Ipi tren ITnh vuc giio dye ia tien de de thing Igi tren tit ci cac ITnh vuc khic Xic dinh dugc vai trd quan trgng ciia giio dye Dang Cpng san Viet Nam tir Dgi hpi VII (1991) da xic djnh ciing vdi khoa hpc cdng nghe, "giio due la tuang lai cita din tde", la "qudc sach hang dau" ddng vai trd quan trpng su nghiep xiy dung chu nghTa xa hdi v i la mdt ddng luc dua dit nudc thoat khdi ngheo nan lgc hgu, vuan len trinh dp tien tien cua the gidi (6) Nghj quyet TW Khda VIII khang djnh "Thirc nr coi gido due ddo tgo, la quoc sdch hdng ddu Nhgn thirc sdu sdc gido due - ddo tgo ciing vai khoa hgc vd cdng nghe Id nhdn Id quyet dinh tdng tnrong kinh te vd phdt trien xa hgi ddu tir cho gido due - dao tgo la ddu tir phdt trien Thuc hien cdc chinh sdch int lien lai dai doi vdi gido dgc - ddo tgo, dgc hi^t la chinh sdch ddu lu vd chinh sdch tien lirang Cd cdc gidi phdp mgnh me de phdt trien gido due" vd "Gido dgc - ddo tgo Id sg nghiep cua todn Ddng, cda Nhd nir&c va ciia loan ddn" Tuy nhien sau gin 20 nam thuc hien nen giao due nudc ta van cdn tdn tai nhieu yeu kem nhu: phuang phip dio tao va quy trinh dao tgo cdn lgc hgu, chua phit huy dugc kha nang sang tgo, tu ddc lap va nang luc hpc tip cua hgc sinh, sinh vien, quan ly giio due cdn chdng cheo, thieu khoa hpc khdng theo kjp vdi yeu ciu phat trien kinh le - xa hdi Giao due chua trd thinh "quoc sdch hdng ddu" nhi trudng dgy hgc van chua gan vdi nhu ciu xa hdi, chat lupng dao tgo thip, giio dye chua trd ddng lue cho su phat trien kinh te - xa hdi Vi viy, Hdi nghj Ban Chap hanh Trung uang Ding lin thu sau, khda XI (thing 102012) chu truang "ddi mdi can ban va toin dien giio dye va dio tgo", nham dap ting yeu cau cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dieu kien kinh te thi trudng djnh hudng xi hdi chu nghTa va hdi nhip qudc te, Hdi nghi mgt lin niia xac djnh vai trd vd ciing quan trgng cita giao dye va dio tgo Coi viec phit trien giao dye la nhiem vy hang dau qua trinh ddi mdi cdng nghiep hda, hien dgi hda III KET LUAN Hd Chi Minh la ngudi dgt nen mdng eho sir nghiep xay dyng nen giio due Viet Nam mdi Tu tudng giio due ciia Ngudi soi sang cho chung ta khdng chi giai doan hien mi ci mai sau Trong dieu kien nen giao dye nudc nhi dang cd sy chuyen bien siu sac nhu hien thi viec nghien ctiu tu tudng dd cang quan trpng va can thiet Die biet, chimg ta phai nhgn thiic sau sic, day dit vai tro cua giao dye tir nhiing di huan qui bau cua Ngudi Cd nhu vay chimg ta mdi thuc hien cdng chien lupc "ddi mdi can bin va toin dien giao dye vi dio tgo", nham dip img yeu cau cdng nghiep hda hien dgi hda dieu kien kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng xi hdi chit nghTa va hdi nhgp qudc te ma Dang ta da de Tai lieu tham khao [1] Hd Chi Minh.Toan tap, t 3, Nxb Chinh tri quIc gia, H, 2011, tr 413 [2] Hd Chi Minh Toan tap, I 5, Nxb Chinh n-j quIc gia, H, 2011, U 102; [3], H6 Chi Mmh Toan tap, t 4, Nxb Chinh trj qudc gia, H,2011.n-.8; [4], H6 Chi Mmh, Toan lap, t 4, Nxb Chinh trj quicgia H.201l,lr 7; [5] H6 Chi Minh, Toan tap, t Nxb Chinh tri quicgia, H, 2011, tr 34-35; [6] Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vin kifin Dai hoi dai bilu loan qu6c lin thii IX, Nx Chinh tri qudc gia, H, 2001, tr 108- 109 [7].http://www,bqllang.gov.vn/index,php?option=c om_contenl&view=arlicle&id=1467,quan-di-m-ca-h-chi-minh-v-vai-lro-c-a-giao-d-c-trong-vi-cphat-huy-nhan-t-con-ngu-i&catid= 106'nghiencuu-hoc-tap-lu-tuong-ho-chiminh&Itemid=771&lang=vi» Tgp chi KHOA H Q C GIAO THONG VAN TAI Phan bien: ThS Ngfl Thi Loan S6 43 - 09/2013 ... tudng dd cang quan trpng va can thiet Die biet, chimg ta phai nhgn thiic sau sic, day dit vai tro cua giao dye tir nhiing di huan qui bau cua Ngudi Cd nhu vay chimg ta mdi thuc hien cdng chien lupc... hpp dau lien ciia Chinh phu lam thdi (03-9-1945), Hd Chi Minh dl nhiem vu cap bach ciia chinh quyen mdi, dd cd nhiem vy ve giao dye, dd li "can md mdt chien djch de chdng ngn mil chii" va "giio... thudc rat nhieu vao giao dye Ho Chi Minh cdn nhteu lan khang dinh vai trd cua giao due ddi vdi su hinh nhan each ngudi, Mgt mat, giio dye la su tic ddng cd muc dich, cd he thong, theo mdt td chuc