Phat trien giao due dao tao trong thoi l^ chu dong hoi nhap quoc t€ cua \^et Nam Luong Ngoc Mioh Truong Dai hpc Ha NOi Giao due ngay cang eo y ngfiia quyA dinh hong viec phat trien nen san xuA vat cha[.]
Phat trien giao due dao tao thoi l^ chu dong hoi nhap quoc t€ cua \^et Nam Luong Ngoc Mioh Truong Dai hpc Ha NOi G iao due cang eo y ngfiia quyA dinh hong - Quy md gido due tang nhanh, nhat Id a bac dai viec phat trien nen san xuA vat chat cua xa hoi hoc va ddo tao ngh^, bude ddu ddp iing nhu cdu ciia Trong thai dai chuyen dich manh m& eiia cuoc xa hdi Quy md phdt trien gido due trudc het the hidn each mang khoa hoc fd^u cQ dya vao boc lot siic lao d sd lupng ngudi hpc Cung vdi so lugng ngudi hpc, d6ng va tan pha m6i truong tu nfiiSn la ehinh seing quy md gido due edn dupe ddnh gid qua mang ludi cupc each mang khoa hpc ki^u moi hudng tdi nSng tiudng hpc theo dia ban ddn cir, sd lupng nha gido, eao nang suSt lao dOng, bao ve moi trudng sinh thai va hang Uiiet bi day hpc Phdt trien quy md hong gido nang cao ehat lupng cu6c sdng eon ngum, ham lupng due d nudc ta vua tang so lupng ngudi hpc vda ddm khoa hpc ket thih hong cac san pham hang hoa bao can ddi v^ ea e^u ngudi hpe theo dia bdn dan eu, cang tang Xu the toan cau hoa, khu vuc hoa hong linh hodn canh xa hdi, Idm cho ty le ngudi hpc hong ddn vuc kinh t e - x a h6i l^m cho cac quoc gia, ke ca cac cu toan cdng ddng eQng nhu hong tiJng nhdm ngudi quoc gia phat trien va cac quoc gia dang phat trien ngdy edng eao, ldm eho gido due dd'n vdi mpi ngudi, phai cau tnic lai nen kinh t^ theo hudng ma rpng lien Idm cho cd xa hdi tid thdnh mdt xa hdi hpe tdp k^t de toi mi hoa su eaiUi hanh va hpp tae toan cau - Cdng bang xa hdi tiong gido due v^ ca bdn dupc "Kinh t^ tri thiic" va "xa hoi thong tin" dang dan d ^ dam bdo He thdng gido due qudc dan da tao difiu funh hen co sa phat tri^n ham lupng tri tue eao kien cho dai bd phan nhdn dan hong dp tudi di hpc hong san xuSt, dich vu v^ quan ly tat ea eae qudc gia dat trinh dd xoa mu chil vd cap giao due Ueu hpc, vdl mue dd kh^c nhau, thudc vao su chuan bj cua phd cap trung hpc eo sd.tidn tdi phd edp tmng hpc he thdng giao due qudc dan va phat tri^n khoa hpc phd thdng, tao co hdi va nhung dieu kien eo bdn d^ cdng nghe Su ngtU&p cong ngfudp hoa, fiien dai hoa mdt bd phan nhan dan dupe hpe d cdc cap bac hpc d^t nuoc khdng phai cfii la qua trinh ddi mdi v^ khoa cao ban theo nhu cau va khd nang, chu y cdc khu vuc hpc cdng nghe, hien dai hoa, tfii trudng hoa nen san dac bidt kho khan (vung cao, vung sdu, vung xa), dd'i xuat xa hdi ma cdn la qua trinh chuyen ddi ve tam ly, tupng la ngudi ddn tde thi^u sd, ngudi ngheo vd ddi phong tuc t$p quan, loi sdng tfiich iing vol nfiip dp va tupng cfiinh sdch xa hdi Ca nude da hodn thdnh edng tde dd cua xa hdi cdng ngfiifip va hdi nh$p kinh t^ tae xod mu ehu, phd cap giao due Ueu hpc, phd cap qudc te tmng hpc ea sd Gido due d viing ddng bdo cdc ddn tde tfiieu sd, vung sau, vung xa da cd nhung chuydn Nhimg tmi chu yeu cua phat trien giao bidn Uch circ, U^p tuc phdt tii^n manh md nhd ede ehinh sdch giao due eho ngudi ddn tde dupc ban hanh due Viet Nam thoi gian qua va thuc thi cd hieu qud - He tiidng giao due qud'c d ^ dupc hoan tfiien hon - Cdng tde xa hdi hod gido due da dem lai ket qud vol cac cap, t)ac hpc, trirUi dp dao tao, cac loai fiinh va phuong thiic giao due Sau 25 nam ddi mdi, giao due budc dau Ckc lue luong xa hdi tham gia cdng Viet Nam da dupc dupe nliifiu tuu quan tipng, h'ch cue vdo viec huy dpr^ he den trudng, xdy dung eo da fiinh dupc mdt he thd'ng giao due qud'c dan sd vdt chdt cua trudng hge, ddng gdp kinh phi eho tuong ddi hoan cfunh, thdng nhat va da dang hoa vdi gido due dudi nfueu fiinh thuc khac Cdc loai day dli cae cap hpc va trinh dp dao tao tu mam non fiinh trudng Idp dd dupe da dang hoa, da ed thdm ede d^n sau dai hpc Mang ludi cae tnrdng phd thdng dupc loai fiinh trudng Idp ddn ldp, tu thue Cac ehuong trinh xay dung rdng khSp hen toan qudc Cae trudng dai gido due tu xa qua cdc phuang tien thdng tin dai hpc va cao dang dupe th^nh Ikp a hk\i het cac khu chung timg budc duac tang cudng f)6'i vdi cdc trudng dan cu ldn cua ca nude, cae vung, eae dia phuong edng, Nhd nude da ban hanh vd tung bude hoan tfuen Bko tsio sau dai hpc dupe hinh tiianh va phat trien ehe dp thu hpe phi va ede khoan ddng gdp khdc, tao vung chdc dang d ^ ddn dam duong hach nfiiem dao them ngudn luc tdi chinh cho cdc trudng Hd tao can bd khoa hpe trinh dp eao d tiong nuoc HS thdng trudng ldp ngodi cdng lap tidp tuc dupe md thdng giao due da budc dau dupc da dang hoa ea ve rdng, da tao dieu kien gidm bdt sue ep ddi vdi cac loai fiinh, phuong tiiiic va ngudn luc, tung bude hdi trudng cdng vd tao ca hdi cho cdc Iuc lupng xa hdi cung vdi nha nude tham gia vao su nghidp gido due nhdp vdi xu tiid' chung cua gido due th^ gidi 33 NGHIEN ClAJ RESEARCH Cdc lo^l hinh trudng ngodi cdng lap phdt trien, hpc sinh ngodi edng Idp chi^m ty Id ddng k^ - Cae dieu ki$n ddm bdo phat Ui^n giao due dupc cdi tfudn Trong nhiing ndm qua, k^t hop nhi^u ngudn vdn, ngdnh Gido due vd cdc dia phuong dd ed gdng tdng eudng ca so vdt chdt ky Uiudt nhd trudng, thuc fii^n chudn hod, hi^n dgi hod mdt bude co sd vdt chat ky thuat ciia cdc nhd trudng d cde edp b^ic hpe, tao di^u kidn de bao ddm ndng eao chat lupng day vd hoe DOi ngu gido vidn Id nhdn td quyet dinh sy nghiep vd chdt lupng gido due Trong nhdng nSm gdn ddy, dieu ki§n gido due vd dcri sdng gido vidn dupe cdi tfiidn Ngdn sdch nhd nude cfu cho gido due da dupe nang ddn, tu gan f% nam 1996 ldn 20% tdng chi ngan saeh Nhd nudc vdo nam 2010 Ddng gdp ciia nhan ddn cho gido due Id mpt khodn ddu tu ddng kd, ddp iing khoang 30- 40 % ehi phi hdng ndm eiia ngdnh gido dye Nhimg yeu kem cua giao due nuvc ta - Chdt lupng va fudu qud gido dye ndi chung edn thdp Nhin chung chdt lupng gido dye cdn thdp Chdt lupng gido dye thdp va khdng dOng ddu giua ede vung, midn; quan tdm ddn phdt tridn sd lupng nhidu ban ehdt lupng Nhiing ndm gdn day, vide cho phep thdnh Idp mdi cdc trudng cao ddng, dai hpe cd phdn dd ddi, cdc di^u kl^n v^ co sd vdt chdt, ky thudt vd dOi ngu gidng vidn khOng dam fiao, din den chat lupng ddo tao Uidp, nhdt la cdc hudng ngoai cdng lap vd cdc trudng cQa dia phuong Hd Uidng gido due thidu ddng bp, chua lidn thdng, mdt edn ddi glQa ede cdp hoe, ngdnh hpc, co cdu, trinh dd, ngdnh nghe, vCing, midn Chdt lupng nhan lue ehua ddp ung yeu cdu eiia san xudt Nhd trudng ehua quan tam dung mue hoae chua cd bifen phdp huu hi6u gido dye trdeh nhidm ngudi edng ddn, ngudi lao ddng chdn ehinh cho hpc sinh, sinh vidn - Dpi ngfl gido vidn vua ydu vua thidu va khdng ddng bO, phuang phap gidng dgy edn Igc hau Ngudi thdy ddng vai trd quydt djnh ehat lupng giao dye va dao tgo, nhung thuc td quy md hpc sinh, sinh vi&n tang nhanh da gdy ndn su bdt cap giua quy mO phdt tridn gido due vdi dOi ngfl giao vidn, nhdt Id d bae mdm non vd bae dgi hpc Rat nfiidu dia phuang cd tdng bidn chd giao vidn du, tham cfii tiiua, nhung lgi thidu nhung logi hinh giao vien nhu ngoai ngu, dm nhac, ky thudt Su hdng hyt ve giao vidn trinh dO cao d cdc trudng dai hoc ngdy edng gia tang, tudi tmng binh cua gido vidn cao Phuang phdp gidng dgy chua dupe edi tidn, phd bidn vdn Id ldi dgy thaytiiiydndgt, tid tidp thu thu ddng Di^u dd didn khdng ehi d giao dye phd thdng md ca d dgi hpc vd sau dgi hpc - Qudn ly giao dye nhieu ydu kem, bat cap COng tae qudn ly gido dye edn nhi^u ydu kem vd Id nguydn nhdn chfl ydu eua nhieu ydu kem khdc Co ehd qudn ly gido due eham doi mdi, chua theo kip su ddi mdi hen cdc Iinh vyc ciia ddt nudc Tu giao 34 due ch§m ddi mdi, chua theo kip yeu cdu ddi m^, phdt tri^n ddt nudc, hong bdi cdnh hdi nhdp qudc t^ NhOng tde dpng mat trdi cua co chd thi tn^Jng vgl nhung khd khdn cua ddt nude da dnh hudng ntiilu ddn su nghiep pfiat tridn gido due Qudn 1^ gido dye y^u kem ca tiong xdy dung th^ che, cfii dgo di^ hdnh, kiem gidm sdt vd xii li vi pham Co ch^ qudn ly" gido dye chdm ddi mdi, chua theo kip sy ddi mm trdn cde Iinh vuc ciia ddt nudc dao diic vd ndng l^c cua mOt bd phdn cdn bd qudn ly giao due cdn thap - Co sd vat chat trudng ldp edn gap nfiidu khd khfin, Uiidu thdn Ndi dung gido due cdn thidu Uudt thuc Nhin chung, CO sd vdt chat ciia ngdnh gido dye vdn cdn tinh trang nghdo ndn, lac hau Trang thidt bj, phdng thi nghidp phuc vy giang day vd hpe tdp c6n thidu thdn, tinh trang day chay edn bidn NOi dung gido dye d eae edp hpe tCt mdm non ddn sau dgi hpc cdn cd nfueu bdt cap Cd cho viia qud tdi ddi vdi hpc sinh, sinh vidn, ed chd viia chua dap iing dupe nhung thay doi theo xu thd cua thdi dai Then gian, siic lire ciia hpc sinh ddnh eho hpc tap Id cd gidi hgn, nhung sd mdn hpc va nOi dung timg mOn hpc ngdy cdng tang Ien Theo xu hudng dd, cang hpc ldn cao hon, thi cii cang gat gao hon, viee hpe thdm, luydn thi Igi cfir thdng, n$ng nd hon - Thuc ti^n phdt tridn gido dye nudc ta hi$n cho thdy ba mdu tiiudn dang tdn tai cdn dupc giSi quydt Mpt id, mau thudn giua ydu eau phdt tii^n nhanh quy md vd gdp nit nang cao chat lupng ciia gido due vdi khd nSng ddp Ong ban ehd eCia n^n kinh td vd ndng lye cdn yeu ciia hd thd'ng gido dye Hai la, mau thudn gitia khdi lupng thdng tin, tri thiic tang nhanh kfii thdi gian ddnh cho gido dye cd licin dcing edng trd nen gdy edn Ba la, mdu thudn giua yeu cdu ddi mdi gido dye dang ngdy cdng gay g ydu cdu gifl: su 6n dinh tuong ddi cho hd thdng Cac [jiai phap phat trien giao due - dao tao boi canh hoi nhap quoc te e Viet Nam Ddi mdi tu gido dye mdt edeh nhdt qudn, tii myc tidu, chuong trinh, nOi dung, phuong phdp d^n CO cdu va hd thOng td chflc, co chd qudn ly dd tao duoc chuyen bidn co bdn va toan didn cua ndn giao due nude nhd, tiep cdn vdi hinh dd gido dye ciia khu vuc vd the gidi; khde phyc cdch doi mdi chap va, thi^u tdm nhin tdng tiie, thidu kd hoaeh ddng bO Phdn ddu xdy dyng nen gido due hidn dai, ciia dan, ddn, w ddn, ddm bao edng bdng vd co hdi hpc tdp eho mpi ngudi, tgo dieu kidn dd todn xa hdi hpc tdp vd hpe t^p sudt ddi - Tang cudng eae ngudn luc cho gido dye: Ddu tu cho gido dye lay tu nguOn chi thudng xuydn vd ngudn chi phat trien ngan sach Nhd nudc Ngdn saeh Nhd nudc gift vai tro chfl ydu tiong tong ngudn lyc cho gido dye Ngdn sdch ndy phdi dupc sii dyng tdp tmng uu tien cho vide ddo tao, bdi dudng gido vidn, dao t: can bo cho mOt sd ngdnh hpng diem, bdi dudng nhdn tdi, tro giflp cho gido dye d nhung vung khd khan vd di^n cfiinh sdch Tich cyc huy ddng eae nguon Iuc ngoai r^an sdch Xdy dung quy gido dye qudc gia, quy khuydn hpc, quy Un dung ddo tgo xay dyng dOi ngfl giao vidn, tgo dOng luc cho nguoi day, ngudi hpc: Trudc hdt, can ciing cd vd ddu tu tap trung ndng cdp cdc trudng su phgm, tiong dd co mdt sd trudng dai hpc su pham hpng diem Tang cudng thuc hien chuong trinh boi dudng giao vidn, bdi dudng chudn hod, ndng eao pham chdt vd nang lye eho dOi ngQ giao vidn Cf dgi hpe cdn cd kd hoach ddo tgo, bdi dudng cdn bd he kd can Khdc phye Unh tiang hdng hut can bp Nang cao dia vi xa hdi vd dia vl kinh td ciia dOi ngu giao vidn, khdng bd tri nhflng ngudi kem pham chdt dgo diie lam gido vien, kd cd lam giao vien hop ddng hdeh nfiidm cua cdc co sd gido dye — ddo tao Xdy dung quan hd chdt chd gifla co quan qudn Iy nhd nude vd giao dye - ddo tao vdi co quan quan Iy nhdn lyc va vide iam Nha nude thue fuen dung ehiic ndng dinh hudng phdt tiidn, tgo ldp khung phdp Iy vd kidm ha, ha, giam sdt vide thyc thi phdp ludt, tao mdi trudng canh tianh ldnh mgnh tiong gido dye - ddo tao, ehdng benh thdnh tieh Ddi mdi to chue vd boat ddng, de cao vd bdo ddm quydn ty chfl, tu chiu hdeh nfudm cua nhd trudng, nhat Id trudng dai hpc, cao ddng, trung hpc chuyen ngfiidp vd dgy nghd Cflng vdi nhflng gidi phdp chidn lupc hdn, nfiidm vy cdp hdeh trudc mdt hong nhung nam tdi can gidi quydt dut diem la hodn thien chuong trinh saeh gido khoa, cdi Uen chd dO thi eu, khae phyc tinh hang "thuang mgi hoa" gido dye, ngan chan nhung hidn tupng tidu cue hong giao dye (van bdng, cdng nhan - Tidp tyc ddi mdi, nOi dung phuong phap gido dye hpc hdm, hpc vi, chan chinh cOng tde quan Iy hd • dao tao vd tang cudng eo sd vat chat cdc trudng hpc thdng trudng hpe ed edng ldp vd ngodi cdng lap)./ Hien dgi hod giao dye - ddo tao can tdp tiung vdo ydu cdu hidn dai hod ve cdc nOi dung vd quy trinh ddo tao gdn vdi ddi mdi phuemg phdp day vd hpc, tang cudng phuong tidn hidn dai cho cdng vide dgy vd hpc (cdng Tai lieu tham khao nghe thdng tin, vien thdng, ndi mgng ) Xa hdi hod Nguydn Duy Bdc (2011), Van hod gido dye Vidt gido dye - dao tgo la huy ddng vd td chiic lye lupng cfla todn xa hOi tham gia vdo qud trtnh gido dye - ddo tgo, Nam thdi ky ddi mdi, Nxb Thcri dai, Hd NOi2 Pham Xudn Dung (2008): Cdng nghd tien tidn vd dong thdi tgo dieu kifin vd co hdi dd mpi ngudi ddn dupc hudng thy cde thdnh qud efla gido dye - ddo tgo cdng nghe eao vdi tien trinh edng nghidp hod - hidn dem lai, xdy dyng dupc phong hdo todn ddn hpe tap dai hod d Vidt Nam, Nxb CTQG, HN sudt dm, thuc hien da dang hod cac loai hinh gido due Ddng COng sdn ViOt Nam (2011): Van kidn Dgi - ddo tao M^t khdc, ndng cao vai tid dinh hudng, cfii hOi dai bieu todn qudc ldn thu XI, Nxb CTQG, HN dgo vd qudn If efla Nhd nudc tiong qua tiinh xa hOi Dang HOu (chu bidn) (2009): Phat tiidn kinh td hi hod Dau tu hop ly, ed hidu qud, xay dung mdt sd eo sd thifc gan vdi qua trinh edng ngfiiep hod, hidn dgi hod gido due, ddo tgo dgt trinh dO qudc te d Viet Nam, Nxb KtiXH, HN - Doi mdi vd nang cao nang lue qudn ly nhd nudc Trdn Hong Luu (2009): Vai hd cua tri thiic khoa vd gido dye - dao tao Tidp tyc doi mdi co ehd qudn ly hpe sy nghidp edng nghidp hod, hi$n dgi hod d gido dye theo tinh thdn tang cudng tinh ty chu, tu chiu Viet Nam hidn nay, Nxb CTQG, HN Tuong quan luc luong giua cac nuoc Ion Ti^ theo trang 23 Nfun ehung, moi quan \\t giiia cdc eudng quoc va nhiing didu chinh efu'nh sdch cfiien lupc eua ede nude Idn ed dnh hudng to Idn ddi vdi ddi sdng chinh hi the gidi vd quan hd qud'c td tiong dd cd Viet Nam, la nhdn td hdng dau hong sy hinh hat tu the gidi mdi Vi thd, Viet Nam cdn ndm bat kip thdi, tdn dyng tdt nhiing ca hOi de thyc hidn nhanh chong mye tidu ddi mdi vd phdt tiidn dat nudc Tai lieu tham khao Vfl van Hien (2014) Viet Nam va thd gidi duang dai NXB Chinh tn qud'c gia Phgm Binh Minh (2014) Cyc dien tiie gidi ddn 2020 NXB Chinh hi qudc gia Cue dien the gidi sau khiing hodng kinh td tdi chinh hHp://wvvw.tapchicongsan.oi^.vn Xu hudng phdt trien mdi ciia ndn kinh td thd gldi vd nhiing didu ehinh cfla cdc nhd nudc quoc gia http://wvvw.tapehitaiehinh.vn 35 ... vd chdt lupng gido due Trong nhdng nSm gdn ddy, dieu ki§n gido due vd dcri sdng gido vidn dupe cdi tfiidn Ngdn sdch nhd nude cfu cho gido due da dupe nang ddn, tu gan f% nam 1996 ldn 20% tdng... dyng dupc phong hdo todn ddn hpe tap dai hod d Vidt Nam, Nxb CTQG, HN sudt dm, thuc hien da dang hod cac loai hinh gido due Ddng COng sdn ViOt Nam (2011): Van kidn Dgi - ddo tao M^t khdc, ndng... sdng chinh hi the gidi vd quan hd qud''c td tiong dd cd Viet Nam, la nhdn td hdng dau hong sy hinh hat tu the gidi mdi Vi thd, Viet Nam cdn ndm bat kip thdi, tdn dyng tdt nhiing ca hOi de thyc