ITlNeWNlNGHlEIICIIUI Thifc trang lap ke hoach hoc tap trong sinh vien dai hoc Y Ha Npi va mot sd''''ydu td''''anh hffdng Nguyin Vin Huy(*),Dao Thi Minh An(**),Giang Thach Thio(***) Muc tiiu Md td thUc trang[.]
ITlNeWNlNGHlEIICIIUI Thifc trang lap ke hoach hoc tap sinh vien dai hoc Y Ha Npi va mot sd'ydu td'anh hffdng Nguyin Vin Huy(*),Dao Thi Minh An(**),Giang Thach Thio(***) Muc tiiu: Md td thUc trang lap ki hoach hgc tdp (LKHHT), kiin thiic thdi dg vd khd ndng LKHHT cua SV DHYHN ndm 2(X)9-2010 vd m^t sdyiu td dnh hudng PhUOng phdp: nghien cdu mo td cdt ngang sUt dung phUOng phdp dinh luang (bd cdu hdi tU dien co hudng dan) trin 421 SV da khoa DHYHN Kit qud: Tl H chung SV cd hdnh vi LKHHT khd cao, nhien tl H thudng xuyin LKHHT ndm hgc qua vd ndm hgc hiin tai thd'p, nhung cd xu hUdng tdng ddn, cao nhdt d Y6 Ti li SV thuc hien ddy du ky ndng LKHHT thdp (-25%) Ti H SVcd kii'n thiic chung vi LKHHT cao (-96%), nhiin ti li Ird ldi diing cd cdu hdi thdp (0.70, dieu niy eho ihay thang cd dp tin c|y 44 Tap chl Y te Cdng cdng, 11.2010, Sd 16 (16) chap nh|n drfdc [11] 2.5 Xd ly vd phdn tich sd'lieu: Nhap li?u bing SPSS 11,5 xff Iy va phan iich bing phan mem STATA 9.0 sff dung phffdng phap thdng kg md la (Vc TB SD Min Max tan suat bidu do, v.v phuc vu cho muc tieu va cic ihong kd suy luan x2 ipi^>*i>i90%) vi d mffe dd ddng ^ eao "tdt" \k "rat tdt" Tuy nhien, co tdi 34% SV vin cho rang "Neu nhrf ban da hpe lot eic mon hoc, thi khdng can thiel phai lap KHHT " 3.2.4 Khd ndng cua SV ve LKHHT (khdng trinh bdy bdng sdliiu d day) Nhin ehung, SV ttf nhan thay vl kha ning LKHHT cua ban than iha'p, khdng song hinh vdi mffe dp kidn thffc vi thii dp eua SV vl LKHHT Trung binh SV dat dffde mffe dp Iff 2.5 den 3.0, tffdng drfdng vdi mrfc kha ning "khd" tdi "trung binh" Khi linh ty le % eho tffng tinh hud'ng kha nang chiing ldi cung thay ke't qua tffdng trf Ty lg % SV cho rSng hp cam thi'y cd kha ning thffc hien dtfde vigc LKHHT (eie clu hoi tinh hudng vl kha nang LKHHT) chl dat dtfdc tff 40-70% Kha nang chung vl LKHHT dffqfc ldng hdp tff bidn sd khic thu ihap iff cac clu tra ldi cd linh cha't iff nhan xdt cua S V vl kha ning LKHHT ch! dai ty le ehung la 57,48% 3.3 Mgt sdyeu tdanh hUdng de'n hdnh vi Iqp KHHT cua SV 3.3.1 Phdn tich dan biin: cho thdy cdc yiu td: Gidi (nff so vdi nam OR=1,08, €1=0,78-1,18) nam hoe (nhffng nam cud'i so vdi nhffng nim dau 0R=1,12, CI=0.73-1,69), KTXH (eao so vdi thSp 0R=1,2, CI=0,73-1.94), kidn thffc (eao sd vdi thap OR=2.86, CI=1,1-7,6), thai dd (cao so vdi Ihap OR=l,97, CI=0,51-7,46), kha nang LKHHT (cd so vdi khdng OR=1,50, CI=0,98-2,29) Udn quan vdi Tap chi Y te Cdng cdng, 11.2010, Sd 16 (16) 45 I TiNG QUAN &NBKIEN ciru i hinh vi LKHHT, Irong dd kidn thffc lien quan cd YNTK \ dl hinh vi LKHHT 3.2.2 Phdn tich da biin: Bang Cdc yiu to dnh hudng tdi hdnh vi LKHHT OR P 93% CI Gidl va hanh n LKHHT l.OS 0.44 0.72-1.21 NSm hoc va hinh vi LKHHT 1.12 0J7 0.68-1.82 Kinh i€%i h^i ta hanh vi LKHHT 1-19 0.47 0.70-1,99 Kien ihifc LKH vi LKHHT vi hinh vi LKHHT 3/»5 0.033* IJ9-4J5 Thdi LKHHT vi hinh vi LKHHT 0.82 0.811 OJ2-1.85 Khi ning LKHHT i s hanh vi LKHHT 1.62 0.029* 1.22-2.12 IMn qoan giSa Nhdn xet: Trong phan tich tffdng quan da bidn, cic ydu td ve gidi, nim hoc, dilu kign kinh td xa hpi, kidn ihffc va kha ning LKHHT deu cd lien quan Idi hanh vi LKHHT nhuiig tffdng quan cd YNTK ddi vdi kidn thffc vi kha nang LKHHT Ding ehu ^ thii dp lien quan khdng cd YNTK vdi hinb vi LKHHT Kiem dinh linh thich hdp ciia phffdng trinh clu trtie cho eic phffdng trinh hdi quy mi cie bidn phu thupc trung gian li 1) kien thrfc, 2) thii dp, 3, kha ning vi bidn phu thupc cudi ciing la 4) hinh vi LKHHT cho thay hg sdltfdng quan sai sdvdi gii tri rho (hg sdsai sd nhd=0,084.95%Cl=-0,97 den 0.98 cd chffa gii tri (p=0.94) cho thay mo hinh da bidn tren li thieh bdp Ban luSn 4.1 Thuc trgng lap KHHT, kien thdc, thdi dQ va khd ndng LKHHT cua SV 4.1.1 Thuc trang LKHHT cua SV: Hinh vi LKHHT ddng vairf-dquan irpng doi vdi kdt qua hpe lap ciia SV [15] Tuy vay, theo Monique Boekaerls [9] tai trrfdng dai bpe Leidein, Hi Lan vi Barry J.Zimmerman cCing Dale H.Schunk [7] tai NewYork MJ cho thay nhilu SV van edn ehffa cd thdi quen LKHHT Trong nghien crfu hign tai, chdng tdi thay ty lg SV da khoa DHYHN cd hinh vi LKHHT irong nam hpe qua vi nim hoe hign tai tffdngffngli 26% vi 21 % Kdt qua phii hdp vdi nhan dinh ciia cic lie gia tren Dieu niy cd Ihe phan anh SV dai hoc y chffa quan tam nhieu den viec LKHHT Ngoai ra, chung ldi 46 Tap chi Y te Cdng cong, 11.2010, Sd 16 (16) Ihay ri lg chung S V ^ hanh vi LKHHT la 70.78% ly le niy la kbi eaonBfU^S rnffe dd hoan ehinh (dav du) eiia LKHHTfflphan che' Trong ti le SV thrfc hign trong^fflfiT nine drfa chidm d lg rat eao (-40%), ihi CSTCH gan 25% SV thrfc bien day du ca ki ning ngu (rong qua irinh LKHHT Ding chii ^ nhat la hanh vi LKHHT cua SV nam qua va^^&i hoc deu cd xu htfdng ting theo nim hpei^8> nhai d nhffng nam cudi) Xu htfdng eho thay mdi irtfdng hoc lap d dai hoc, SV da bit diu hinh (hdi quen LKHHT theo thdi gian N e u ^ htfdng va dtf dinh LKHHT Clia SV tidp tuc drfdc tri cho de'n SV trrfdng vi lim viec t^eae cd sd y te'se ra'l hffu ich eho edng vigc s a u Q y ciJa ho Tuy nhien iheo nhilu lie gia, de thiic day hinh vi va dtf dinh LKHHT eua SV cin cd nhffng boat dgng dinh hffdng thuc day t h i i | p va trd giup SV thtfc hien hioh vi niy cd higu qna nhtf td chffc cac khoa hoc dinh hrfdng ngin han va cac hdi thao ehuyen de ve phrfdng phip hpe tapga LKHHT cho SV nam dau hp mdi bffdc vic^tfdng cac ntfde phai trien nhff My, l)c New Zealand, Ha Lan Canada, Singapore, vvv SV bat dau vio mdi ky hoc dau lien, eie Trung tlnflld giijp SV Hoc tap ciia mdi trrfdng thrfdng td ehifc^at hdi ihao ve phtfdng phap hpe lip vi cic k h o i ^ c dmh htfdng 1-2 man nham trd giiip SVLKHHTiguan ly thdi gian (rd giup SV ve ngdn ngff, ky ning vidt bii trinh bay nghien cffu khoa hoc, ky ning tMo luan cac eae budi hoc thrfc hanh [16-17] 4.1.2 Kiin thdc, thdi vti khd ndng LKHHT ciia SV: Khi lien hanh khio sat ve kidn ihffc ciia SV, nghien crfu niy sff.dijmg nhieu cau hoi nham lini hidu mffe dp hieu bidt day du ciia SV ve LKH \a LKHHT Trong s d ^ ^ j hdi dtfa cd cau hdi ve kidn thffc diu ed ri le Ira ldi diing tha'p hdn nhieu so vdi eac cau khic dd Ii * Hanh \ i LKHHT co bi chi phdi bdi yeu tdlam li", 'Moi suy nghi (ra Idi cho cau hdi ban dff dinh lim gi thdi gian ldi diu la hanh ddng LKH", "Khi LKHHT ban khdng dtf bao trrfdc kdl qua eiia hocflp" \ di ti le tra ldi diing thap cic clu ednl^ deu ed li Ie ira ldi diing tren 90%.Diebidt, lilds'dcSuira ldi diing ta't ca cac cau hdi dinh gia ve kienjhffc LKH va LKHHT cung khdng cao (ri lg diingja cau chi gan 237^) Dieu cho thay t ^ e n | W ehung cua SV ve LKH va I m e QUJU(& NGHIEN CtfU KHHT cdn chffa toin didn va dly du Ve Ihii dp, nhin chung SV cd thii lich crfc vdi vigc LKH va LKHHT, vdi gii tri (rung binh ciia thang diem li tff den 2,ffngvdi thii dp rat tdt vl lot thang diem Likert gdm mffe dp tff "rat tdt" tdi "rat khong tdt" Khi id hdp thang thai dp, ty lg SV cd thii dd tdt eung cao (>90%), eic thai dp trfhg tinh hudng eu the cung deu cd ty le tren 90% Kel qua niy gidng vdi kdl qua cua Kalyani Chatterjea va Changchew Hung [10] tren SV dai hoc Nanyang Technologies, Singapore cho biet, trung binh thii dd ciia SV ddi vdi lam vigc theo nhdm eung ban hoc se giup hpe l|p higu qua hdn hai mdn hoc khac Tuy nhien vdi linb hudng "Neu ban da hoc tdt cic mdn thi khdng cin thidt phai lap ke hoach", diem trung binh cic eau tra ldi cua SV li 3.74 (SD=1,21) tffdng rfng vdi thai dp " inmg binh" tdi "khdng lot" Khi tinh ty le % chiing tdi cung thay kdt qua kha tffdng tff; vin cd tdi gan 34% sd SV Irong mlu nghien cffu ddng y vdi quan nigm Nhff vay, mac dia Ihai dp cua SV cae cau hdi tinh hudng \ e thii la tot, nhffng thii dp vdi viec LKHHT da hpe lot cac mdn hoc vin cdn ehffa tich cffc Day la khia canh thii dp can quan llm tuygn truyin ed \ u SV nhim thay ddi thii dd Khi Iff nban xel ve cac kha nang LKHHT, trung binh SV dat drfdc mffe dp tff 2.5 den 3,0 iffdng dtfdng vdi mffe kha nang "khd" ldi "trung binh" Khi linh ty le % cho ifftig tinb hudng kha nang, chung ldi cung thi'y kdl qua trfdng tff Ty Id % SV cho rang hp cam thay cd kha nang thrfc hign drfdc viec LKHHT (eae eau hoi tinh hudng ve kha nang LKHHT) chi datl drfdc Iff 40-70% Kha nang chung \ e LKHHT drfdc long hdp tff big'n sd khic thu thap iff cic eau tra ldi ed linh ehl't tff nhan xet cua SV ve kha ning LKHHT cung ehi dat ly Ig chung li 57,48% Nhrfvay mac du kien thffc vi ihii dp tdu nhrfng kha nang eua SV drfdng nhrf khdng song hinh vdi kien thrfc vi thii eua hp Ket qua gdi y ring de SV ed thetfirfehign viee LKHHT tdt, viec nang eao kien thrfc va lang crfdng thai dp ein cung cdky nang vi kha nang ciia SV thdng qua vigc thrfc hinh LKHHT cac khoa hoc dinh hrfdng va hdi thao trao ddi eua SV, 4.2 Cdc ye'u tdanh hi^g den hdnh vi LKHHT caa SV Trong phin tich ddn bie'n cho thay chi ed ye'u id kien ihrfe la ed lien quan cd YNTK vdi hinh vi LKHHT Kdt qua phu hdp vdi nghidn cffu ciia Billie Eilam va Irit Aharon [SJ Hai tic gia da lien hinh thff nghiem ve vai trd eiia kie'n Ihrfc vl quan ly va LKH Itf dilu lidt hoc tip da di tdi ket luan rkog nhfliig SV cd mrfc dp kie'n thffc tdi vl quan l;y hpe tap nr dilu tie'l thi kha nang va LKHHT tff dieu liet hoc tap tdt hdn nhffng SV khong cd kidn ihffc niy Khi phin lieh da bidn, ehung tdi tha'y them mpl ydu id nffa cung cd lien quan ddn hanh vi LKHHT Clia SV dd la yeu tdkha nang LKHHT Cu thd la SV trf nhan thay minh cd kha ning LKHHT tdt thi cd ty le hinh \ i LKHHT gap 1,62 Ian so vdi SV nhin thay khdng ed kha ning LKHHT {\ di p