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sir DUNG VAT LIEU THIEN NHIEN TRONG HOAT DONG TAO HINH GUA TRE MAM NON TliS NGUYEN THj MY HANH'''' Abstract Organizing activities of shaping for children by using natural materials becomes one of the imp[.]
sir DUNG VAT LIEU THIEN NHIEN TRONG HOAT DONG TAO HINH GUA TRE MAM NON TliS N G U Y E N THj M Y HANH' Abstract: Organizing activities of shaping for children by using natural materials becomes one of the important methods in teaching al preschools This method teaching helps children cultivate knowledge and perceive the beauty of life and art In the article, author provides an overview on the use of natural materials in shaping acliulties for preschool children Keywords: Nature Materials, preschool children, shaping activity Ngdy nhgn bdt: 20/03/2016; ngdy sua chua: 30/03/2016; ngdy duyet ddng: 30/03/2016 I.Vaitrdciia vat lieu thien nhien (VLTN) qua trinh tao hinh cua tre mam non (TMN) VLTN cd sflc hap dan manh me, dd thay ddi hinh dang, d i bien ddi, day la dieu kien thuan Ipi de phat trien co quan cam giac, danh thue tu va gdp phan phattrien tham m l cho tre, VLTN vua la phuong tien, vij-a la doi tupng kich thich tre hoat dpng.Trong quatrinh "hoat dpng" vdl VLTN, tre em cd the phat hien nhieu dieu kiihu, hap d i n , lam sinh otrenhung Xlic cam tinh te, tao trang thai tinh than d l chju va thoai mai; tu'dd kleh thich kha nang sang tao Cung chinh hoatddng nay, tre nhan biet dupc nhflng dau hieu, dac diem, ban chatcua cac loai vat lieu cung nhumdl lien hecua cac suvat, hien tupng dd vdi Su'dung VLTN khitoehuc hoatdpng tao hinh eho TMN segdp phan thoa man nhu cau hoatdpng true tiep vdi the gidi vat thien nhien; kich thieh hflng thii quan sat, tim hieu, kham pha the gidi xung quanh cua ttB Khi su'dung loai vat lieu vao cac hoat ddnp, nhatia hoatddng tao hinh cung gdp phan giai quyet phan nao suthieu vat lieu, true quan va diing day hpc thuc tien giao dye mam non; dac bietdcaetordng viing sau.viingxa.eaetinh mien niii dieu kien kinh te khd khan, cp s6 vat chat thieu thon, diing, choi cho tre edn han ehe Ngoai ra, VLTN cac hoatdpng giao dye tre eon gdp phan phattrien tinh nhan van, giiip tre ed tinh cam voi thien nhien; tu'dd, hinh dtre thai dp, each dd'i xuthan thien vdi mdi trudng song xung quanh {bao ve thien nhien, tiet kiem, gifl gin mdi tn/dng song ) Quan sat tre taohinhydicaeduan lam ttiiicdng tfl VLTN eho chiing ta tiiaiy: qua trinh tham gia vao lam eac "tac pham nghettiuaf.trenhanthucmdi trudng xung quanh tot hon, cd nhflng thii va 64 Tap chi Gido due so 381 sang tao ddc dao Chinh nhflng nguyen lieu tflthien nhien dddupc detrong trang th tunhien chua xiili ludn ludn lam cho tretdmd, hflng thii Nhimg an tugng dau tien cua tre va loai VLTN thd rat manh me, kich ttiich tre mong mud'n dupe hoatddng vdi nhflng vat lieu Phan ioai VLTN cho TMN tao hinh ttieo nhom VLTN dung de cung cap cho tre tao hinh thudng rat don gian va gan gui, nhu: len ft/nhien, rdm ra,day ben, sap ong, bpt mau thflc vat tunhien,da, gd, canh cay, spi tunhien, giay thu cdng, hot, hat, ciJ khoaitay, ea rd't, bong bdng, cat, hoa, la, cdn tning, vosd.hen va nhieu loai nguyen lieu thu vj khac dupc suu tam tii eupe song xung quanh tre Mdt so loai VLTN cdthe dupc ttiu thap ttieo cae miia va bao quan; mpt so khac edsan quanh nam tunhien; cungcdnhflng bai VLTN dupe tan dyng laitirnhung d6ph§'li§u boditii eupe sd'ng ma van dam bao m flc dp ve sinh, an toan vacdthetaisi/dyng lai Cdthe tam phan loai mdt so vat lieu thudng dung lam diing, choi thi) cdnq va cho tre tao hinh trudng mam non ed nguon goc tflthien nhien va cupc song xung quanh tre, gom: - Cac vat lieu cd tfl ttiien nhien xung quanh: + Vat lieu tflthien nhien vd sinh: cat, dat, da, soi ; + VLTN ed nguon goc tfl thuc vat: la cay, hoa, canh cay, hot, hat, rom, ra, canh cay khd.,.; + VLTN cd nguon goc tii dpng vat: vd 6c, vo sd, vd trung, Idng cac vat (chim.ga.vjt ) - Tan dung lai cac loai vat lieu phe ttiai cho tre tao hinh Loai vat lieu thudng cd xung c^uanh cupc s6ngcuatre,gan gui vcfi tre va cting e6tti§'coi nhumpt loai vat lieu suu tam tfl ttiien nhien nhu: + Cac lo?iv?t lieu phe thai: vai, len, giay bao, hop giay, ttiiing giav * Tnrong Cao dang Hai DiTdng (kil-5/2016) lo[cupn giay, |6i cudn chi, thia nhua, hop nhua, hop s'/^'1?P >(e, hop banh ; + Mpt sd'do dung, dochdicu cdthetaitaoyalapgheptan dyng lai;qua bdng, mieng ghep, mpt so chitiet ciianhflng choice hinh blng hot, hat, sdi, da; khuyen khich tre lam mptso Choi don gian nhu lam blip be baig rom, len; lam Ion tfl cii khoai lang eung kich thich tre thu, say me hon vol nghe thuat tao hinh M o t s o g p i y sudung VLTN cho TMN tao hinh Kh\ s u dung cac dyng cy, vat lieu tao hinh blng chat lipu thien nhien cho tre tao hinh, giao vien m I m non can chuy: Ngoai ra, VLTN gan gui cdn dupc tim tha'y cac tac pham nghethuatdan gian phong phii Khi cho tre tiep xuc vdi eac tae pham nghe thuat dan gian ciia cac nghe nhan cung chinh la "con dfldng" dua tre gan gui vdi thien nhien, vi chinh cac tae -Can nghien cflu, to ehue "gdc Iflu trfl vat lieu" va pham nghe thuat dan gian ludn g i n chat vdi van dayjre nhflng each sap xep, bao quan cac loaivat lieu h d a v u n g m i e n , d i a p h u o n g ; dd, chfla dung (giay, vai, VLTN ) dnoi thich hpp (trong cac loai tiii, rat nhieu nhung yeu to thien nhien pan gui xung phong bao, hop, chaito )cdtrattuvatien cho viec sfl quanh Thien nhien dupc s u dung de lam chat lieu tao nen eac tac pham dd nhu: mau s i c tu eac mau dung, dpn dep - Tuy theo tinh chat, hinh dang, kich thudc cua ciia hoa, qua, cay, la , giay lam tfl than diep, cae vat lieu ed the tao hinh theo y m udn (giay, vai ) va bdt cay, la ; each thflc tao tae pham eung rat eac vat lieu cd the tan dyng theo hinh dang tu gan gui (thudng tfl ddi ban tay kheo leo cua cac nhien san cd{la, canh hoa, canh cay, hot, hat,.,), giao nghe nhan vdi nhflng dung ey thd so mde mac; vien tap cho tre so sanh, phan loai, tim kie'm va lua hpn nfla, npi dung bieu cam eua tac pham cung rat chon vat lieu thich hpp de tao nen cac san pham xep, gan gui vdi mdi trudng xung quanh (nhu: tranh ga, Ipn, chupt, meo, cay cd'i, hoa, la ) dan, lip ghep khac - Trong qua trinh hudng dan tre tao hinh vdi vat li|u tflthien nhien, ngudi Idn va giao vien mam non nen ehii y cho tre tiep xuc vdi vat lieu tfl ban dau de kich thich hflng thii cua tre Vi dy, hudng dan tre tulam mdt so choi, ngudi Idn nen hudng dan tre tutim kiem, suu tam nguyen vat lieu gan gui (nhu giay,bia,hdp, nhflng bpphan ciia chpi dacii hong ) Qua trinh tu suu tam vat lieu se tao cho tre cam giac tfl td md de'n thich thii, tham chi sirng sdt tfl nhung vat lieu tudng nhu bd di ay lai cd the lam nhungdochdihaiadan (chang han: nhung chiec thuyen gaptflgiay, may bay dupe xep bang giay va que, ngdi nha tfl giay bia va hop eatton, hay mpt so ehoi vdi hinh tupng ngdnghinh khac -Vdi nhirng VLTN nhu hot, hat, cd cay, hoa la lai dem de'n cho tre nhung cam xuc khac la Ngudi Idn hoac giao vien iriam non cd the hudng dan tre quan mdtchieeken bang laehud'i, hinh ngudi dupc tet blng rpm ra, chiec vdng deo co dupc xau bang nhung bdng lioa ; tre se trai nghiem nhung Choi dd cac trd ehdi md phdng sinh hoat eua ngudi Nhung 66 chdi phdng theo su vat thien nhien (con trau, nghe, cay cdi, chim mudng ,) se tao nen nguon choi phong phu, nudi dudng a tre tinh yeu thien nhien, xdm lang, que huong, dat nudc, Thdng qua qua trinh tiep xuc, quan sat cac suvat hien tupng, nhi/ng loai vat lieu thien nhien, su kien cua ddi sd'ng xahoi, lam quen vatim hieu eae san pham.taepham nghethuatdan gian sfldyng VLTN, giao vien mam non se tflng budc cung cap cho tre hieu biet, boi dudng kha nang tri giac, cam thu tham ml, tieh luy cae bieu tupng, hinh tinh yeu cai dep, yeu nghe thuat, mdrdng vd'n kinh nghiem van hda xa hdi N hflng xuc cam va trai nghiem nghe thuat ban dau cdthe rat so dang va nhe nhang, song lai de tao nen dtre nhflng trang thai tinh than rat tich cue va hinh thai dp tham mtdung d i n ve hien thuc, ve nghethuattaohinh, • Tai li£u tham khao [I ] N P Xaculinna (1992) Phuong phdp dgy tre hogt ddng tao hinh NXB Giao due [2] Tran Thu Thuy (bien dich) (2006) Chuong trinh khung gido due mdm non ciia Nhdt Bdn Trucrng Cao dang Su pham Trung urnig [3] Tr^n Thi Nggc Tram - Le Thu Huung - Le Thi Anh Tuyet (ddng chu bien) (2009) Hu&ng ddn tochuc thuc hiin chuong Irinh Gido due mdm non (mau giao be, mSu giao nha, m&u giao lan) NXB Giao due Vifet Nam [4] Le Thanh Thuy (2003) Gido Irlnh Phumgphdp Cac hinh thflc tao hinh da 6ang ldp va ngoai to chiic hogt ddng tgo hinh cho Ire mdm non NXB k^ vdi nhflng VLTN d mpi luc mpi noi va gan gui Dai hoc Supham tu nhien xung quanh tre nhu: tre dupe quan sat eae [5] E A Kotxakopxicaia (1979) Day nan trucmg va\, vat, sau ddvetren dat, eat, nen gach; x ^ vatao mdu gido (Ta Thi Ngpc Thanh djcli), NXB Giao dac ... chupt, meo, cay cd''i, hoa, la ) dan, lip ghep khac - Trong qua trinh hudng dan tre tao hinh vdi vat li|u tflthien nhien, ngudi Idn va giao vien mam non nen ehii y cho tre tiep xuc vdi vat lieu tfl... mdm non ciia Nhdt Bdn Trucrng Cao dang Su pham Trung urnig [3] Tr^n Thi Nggc Tram - Le Thu Huung - Le Thi Anh Tuyet (ddng chu bien) (2009) Hu&ng ddn tochuc thuc hiin chuong Irinh Gido due mdm non. .. dung cac dyng cy, vat lieu tao hinh blng chat lipu thien nhien cho tre tao hinh, giao vien m I m non can chuy: Ngoai ra, VLTN gan gui cdn dupc tim tha''y cac tac pham nghethuatdan gian phong phii