TUYfef CHCttJ VA DAO TAO T f l ^ PHAN HANH CHINH T4I DlfC, PHAP VA MOT SO G0I M 6 CHO VIET NAM NGUYEN ANH THU " Jl^*^ t''''^''''I''''hani phdn hdnh chtidi CO vai trb ̂ umtraigox^igtg tyng hMi chlnh, li trung t[.]
TUYfef CHCttJ VA DAO TAO T f l ^ PHAN HANH CHINH T4I DlfC, PHAP VA MOT SO G0I M CHO VIET NAM NGUYEN ANH T H U " Jl^*^ t'^'I'hani phdn hdnh chtidi CO vai trb ^umtraigox^igtg tyng hMi chlnh, li trung tdm ^^ h^ ^ "it'd y& td quyet ^nh chdt luong xa a oudnhM, Mnh Tuyin chon vd ddo tgo ^'VliThanipliancdaAlMngldheisa-eSnthiSvdc^bdchtrmgciicdchtUphdpciUinudc'ta '^•"'y-Trongbmcanhdo.uifcneMlnc^cdehthlicti^d.onudddotaoThdmphdnhdnhchinh •* inlbiifcmMHpcxiiROi Q TUYEN CHON VA DAO TAO THXM PHAN HANH CHINH phan cua Tda an Dfiy lfi ii^uSn nhfin Iflc chfnh bao dam boat ddng xdt xfi cfia Tda an, bao dam hofin thfinh ehflc nfing cua cd quan Tda an Bdi vfiy, TPHC cd nhflng dac dilm cua T h ^ phan ndi chui^ Xu^t phat tfl quan nidm khfic v^ hoait ddng tai phan hanh ehfnh vfi nhflng ydu tfT mang tinh chat lich sfi, truyfo thfog phap 1;^, dieu kien chinh trj xa hdi vfi tfip quan ma eac nUdc t u tim nhflng giai phap phfl hdp ve vfin d^ Tai Dflc, Tda an hanh chmh chuydn trach nhUng khdng dpe l^p hofin tofin vdi Tda fin tu phfip (d tdm cao nhat, Tda an hfinh chfnh hay Tda an tu phap dfo true thu0c Tda fin tfii cao), ndn eac Thim phfin dflpc dfio t^o chung, khdng cd sy phfin bidt gifla Thim phan tfl phap va T h ^ phfin hfinh chinh Troi^ dd, tpi Phap, md hinh Tda an hfinh chinh chuydn trach dde I$p hofin tofin vdi Tda an tu phfip da dua tdi qufi t n n h tuyfo chpn vfi dfio tao T h i m phfin hfinh chinh mang tfnh chuyfo biet, d§c thfl (t^i trudng Hfinh chinh Qudc gia) Tuyfo chon vfi dao t a o T h i m p h a n h a n h t ^ Cdng hoa Lidn b a n g Dufc Tpi Dflc, mOt ngfldi de dUdc cdng nh^n lfi lu^t gia phai dam bao dap flng difo kifo sau: phai tflng hpe mdt trudng dpi hpc (t^a thifo nfim hay hpe k^) Xem: NgbiSn cOu pli^p lu^t so s&yi sfi* 164 @0Q^ j 2006} cua ThUdng vi$n Pbitp y | t u ^ c ^ n y^ ^ ^ TMm phin (le recrutem^it et ta finrnation i d i ^ B des magistrats du sifege), tr,12 ' • _- NGUYEN ANH THU chflc bdi Bd Tu phap bang E y thi n i y g l m L u i t hen bang ddi hdi thdi gian t i p sU eac b i i thi v i l t v i v f i i d a p 'Oraig ^ , ed dm vfli nhiing T h i m phan mdi tning d & b i i thi viet, mSi b i i t h i vift keo d i i tuyIn, thdi gian khdng duqfc d i i qua 5 tilng hudng tdi giai quylt Bnh huong n i m , nhung da p h i n e i c bang quy dinh thuc te m i cac l u i t gia chuydn nghiSp ttidi gian t i p sU n i m Trong n i m d i u phai giai quyet Chi nhflng Mnh vidn dat tien t i p sU, Tham p h i n mdi dUdc danh gia ydu c i u cic mdn thi viet mdi cd quyln t h i n g mdt lan v i cd t h i hi sa thai n l u tham gia ky thi vSii d i p khdng dap flng du dilu kien Khi thdi gian Dd k# thi l i n thfl n h i t cho phep hoc vidn t i p sfl k i t thflc, Thlin phan se dudc b l tham gia giai d o ^ hai cua dao t»o phap nhidm sudt ddi lujt keo d i i n i m (goi l i "giai doan ohuin b n Trong n i m hoc n i y , smh vidn duoc chlnh quyen bang tra luong v i phai trai qua klwang ddt thuc t^p khic Trong dd, k j thflc t i p dien tai tda hmh sft d i n su, cd quan h i n h ehinh v i v i n phdng l u i t sfl, edn kf thye tSip thfl hoc vidn lya chon theo sd thich, n h i m djnh hfldng ban t h i n vio mdt chuydn nginh eu the Sau n i m eua giai doan ehuin bj niy, hoc vidn cd the tham gia k^^ thi thfl hai, glm nhilu b i i luin, ehu ye'u ehfl trpng tdi kiln thfle v l td'tyng, eung nhu cae b i i thi viii dip Hdi ding d i n h gii glm eic l u i t gia thudc nhilu n g i n h n g h i khic Nlu khdng t h i n h cdng d k j thi niy, flng vidn cd the thi lai neu d i p flng dii dilu kien (thudng l i v l diem sd) T u y e n c h o n v i d a o t a o t h a m p h a n tai Cong hoa P h a p Md hinh Tda i n h i n h chinh chuydn t r i e h v i dde l i p h o i n t o i n vdi Tda i n tU p h i p Md binh cua P h i p cd anh hudng tdi mdt so quoc gia k h i c (Thi NM Ky, Hy Lap, Itaha, Ai Cip ) Cic qudc gia n i y cd cic Tda an h i n h cliinh dde l i p nhUng g i n bd c h i t che vdi n l n h i n h chinh quie gia thdng qua vide giao thdm cho Tda an h i n h chinh chfle n i n g tu v i h p h i p ly, nhSft l i d c i p tda eao nhi't vdi Tham ebinh vidn (Ckmseil d'Etat) X u i t p h i t tfl sy giii thich v l p h i n quyln, sfl p h i n ehia ba n h i n h quyln lUc d i n tdi vide tfl chdi giao cho cac Tda i n thudng kha n i n g xdt xfl cic cd quan h i n h h i n h chinh Vl viy, hd t h i n g h i n h ehinh Bd tu p h i p eic bang tuyIn Tham p h i n tfl t l ehflc eo quan t i i p h i n rieng eho sff nhflng flng vidn dat dilm t i t n h i t minh Ngoii ra, sfl g i n bd gifla ed quan t i i d k^ thi thfl hai n i y , dua trdn eic tidu chi phan h i n h chinh vdi ho^t ddng h i n h tflng bang d|it r a (kinh nghidm nghe chinh duoc hinh t h i n h tren cd sd coi n l n nghidp, n h ^ thflc v l le edng bing, kha h i n h ehinh dUde thdng n h i t bdi eiu n i n g l i m v i ^ , tinh t h i n r a quylt djnh ) t h i n h : h i n h ehinh h i n h ddng hay h i n h Ngoii eic dieu kidn v l hoc v8m v i chuydn chinh quan I^ (administration active) v i mdn, mdt sd'bang cdn quy djnh t u l i tdi da h i n h ebinh t i i p h i n (administration cd t h i ndp h i sd thi tuyIn Tham p h i n , eontentieuse) Su p h i n bidt n i y dudc IJ t u l i t& da thudng dUde eic bang xic dinh giai bdi muc tieu bao dam ydu e l u v l tinh l i 35 tuSL ehuyen nghiep cua cd quan niy, bdi vi vide S « # ehinh v i Tham p h i n t u p h i p Q u i trinh chuydn d i o tao dpi ngii.>ddi2g^.bb^'«i^d'd{^> tuyen chon v i dio tao cua ddi ngii cua nudc n i y Trong 70 h i m liehTa6f'^^ T h i m phan n i y vi t h i cd su k h i e bidt minh (trudng n i y dude t h i h h I$p tfii c i n ban Theo dd, vide tuyen chon v i d i o 1945), Trudng H i n h chinh qudc gia M IDS| d$i ngu T h i m p h i n h i n h chinh cua dao tao T i n g t h & g , Thu txtSag'^ Phap ed nhflng d^e thu ridng r i t n h i l u Bd trUSng R^ -M- v i o trudng Ddi ngu Thim phdn tu p h i p duijc tuyIn n i y I i mdt nhiing k^ thi ddi hoi dad eh?n v i dio tjo t ^ Trudng Thi'm p h i n n h i t tai nude P h i p , d l d u ^ v&'l^ qulb gia (Ecole Nationale des magistrats) trudng n i y , ed eich thfle; iiaw-ii! d Bordeaux™ v i dUdc d?it dudi sy quan IJ - KJ- thi md d i n h cho mpi flng liSa' 41 c i a BO trudng B9 Tu phip Nhidm vu t i t ngliidp cfl n h i n (Ucence) hd^c " i i f ^ "hinh cua trudng glm: t l chflc cic ky thi dUdng ' "• '*' tuyIn smh; dio t»o ddi ngu T h i m p h i n ; - KJ thi thfl hai d i n h cho cic thi sinh''fi bli dudng Thim p h i n ; hdp tae dio t»o Thim pliin eho eic quoc gia' k h i e thdng nhan vidn cdng vy cd tffi t h i l u 4'nlin l a p ' ; ',•** qua cac dy i n hdp t i e qudc t* D& tudng nghidm cdng tae dio t^o nguIn T h i m p h i n la nhflng khda sinh du dilu ki$n du thi v i trflng tuyIn k j thi tuyIn ebon T h i m phan, hoic du dilu ki0n miln k j thi tuyen T h i m phan theo quy djnh cua p h i p luit Ky thi tuyIn Thim p h i n t l ehflc qua ba k j thi, dilu kidn d l dU0c dy thi mii ky thi k h i c Trong dd, dpi ngu T h i m p h i n h i n h eWnh eua P h i p dudc dio tao chu ylii tfl Hoc vidn H i n h chinh qudc gia (Ecole Nationale de I'Admmistration), so it cdn lai duijc tuyIn chon tfl cac cdng chflc h i n h ehinh d p cao, bidt phii tfl nhflng ngudi hoc ehuydn nginh khic eua Trudng H i n h chinh qudb gia, eic T h i m p h i n Tda an tu Q NHlNiftniMHgcxiHOi - K;^ thi thfl ba d i n h cho cic thi sinl^'cd tdi thieu n i m kinh nghi$m l i m vi§c ngoii linh vyc cdng vy (khffi tU n h i n ho^c I i d£ii bilu d i n cfl) S I lUdng trung tuyIn cua trudng ENA khoang 120 ngudi mSi n i m ciing cho t t ^ phan n i o tidu e h u i n k b i t khe v l m p tuyen sinh ChUdng trinh d i o tfio kdo dii 24 t h i n g vdi n h i l u k j thyc t|ip xen k l t ^ cdng sd v i doanh nghi$p Hpc vidn eSa '** Xem: Ph?m Hdng Thai, NguySn Ho&ng Aali ^6^g chu bi6n, 2012), Gido trinh Ludt TSttfllf hinh Mah V(|(itfam, Nxb D ^ h9c QuSb gia, tr.19 ' '^^^sa]moOberto,Itecnilementet/brmaiionik8m'l^0n^ en Europe; etude comparatiue Hjil ConseU de It&iaaBS, 2003, tr 67 liHOtJ NGUYfiNANHTHU Trudng dudo xem l i cdng diflc sbk nUdc plian ndi chung v i T h i m p h i n h i n h ehinh v i dupc t r a luang s u l l q u i t i i n h hoe n^i rieng (ttt 1370 den 2lOOEfthang), dm tai, hpe Thii nhek, c i n xem cic chflc danh tfl vien phai cam k & plnjc vu N h i nudo t £ phap ndi chung v i ehflc danh Thi'm p h i n thilu 10 nam sau tft nghipp, n & la mpt n g h i die thfl ddi hoi trinh dd khdng se phai b l i h o i n ^ t o i n hd ehi p h i chuydn mdn nghiep vu cao Do dd, phai d i o tao va thu nh^p da nh*n Can cfl v i o dUde d i o tao co ban v l p h i p l u i t va djc vio bang xIp hang luc tdt n ^ d p , hpc vidn biet plmi qua khda d i o tao n g h i n h i s i dupc lua chpn Hnh vyc nghe nghidp ena trudng Ap dung hinh thflc thi tuyIn de mmh, dd cd n g h i T h i m p h i n h i n h lUa chpn hpc v i m d i o tao chflc danh T h i m chinh Tlieo thong kd, n i m 2014, P h i p ed p h i n Md rdng ddi tUdng dfldc tham dy 1^ 1377 T h i m p h i n h i n h chinh™ bao glm thi v i cd nhiing quy djnh nghidm n g i t v l cic t h i n h vidn cua Tham ehinh vidn dilu kipn dy thi k j thi tfl phap quIc gia (Conseil d'Etat, co quan t l tung h i n h nhfl: b i n g cip, t h i m nien cdng tic, dp chlnh t a cao cua Phap), cie T h i m p h i n cua 42 Tda i n h i n h chmh sd t h i m v i tuli Vide tuyIn chpn, d i o tpo v i b l nhidm T h i m p h i n h i n h chinh khdng chi gidi ban tda h i n h chinh phflc t h i m Nhu viy, ed t h i t h i y rJng, ddi ngu nguIn can bd Tda i n , m i cd t h i md rdng T h i m p h i n h i n h chinh d P h i p dUde lua ede dSi tupng k h i e nhu edng ehflc h i n h chpn r i t ky eing, dude d i o tao r i t ehinh, luSit sU dfla trdn cac quy djnh chuyto sau v4 b i i ban v l quan 1^ h i n h ehjt ehe, cy t h i ve tidu ehuin, n h i m lUa chinh n h i nude v i nghidp vy t l tyng chpn dupe nhflng ngudi ed n i n g lUc nhfft h i n h chlnh, cung n h u ed kinh nghidm Sau dude b l nhidm T h i m phan thyo t i l n phong phfl thdng qua cac ky qua trinh edng t i e phai thudng xuydn dupe d i o tpo I ^ v i bli dudng v l ehuyto thyc t j p thudng xuydn M6t aS gdi m d c h o c o n g t i c d i o mdn nghipp vy Thuc h i t o thi tuyIn vio cae chflc danh dd ed ehflc danh t ? o T h i m p h i n c u a Vidt N a m Cdng t i c tuyIn chpn v i dio tao ludn l i T h i m phan Q u i trinh thi tuyIn dflpc t i t o ylu td' quylt dinh den ehi't lUdng cua ddi h i n h bao dam nguyen t i c edng bing, ngu c i n bd ndi ehung v i ddi vdi ehflc danh minh bpch cdng khai, khaeh quan Thim phan ndi ridng Vi vliy, cae quIe gia ThU hai, ndi dung ehudng trinh d i o tao diu d i e bipt chfl y v i quan t i m ddii cdng Thim phan phai ludn g i n h i n vdi boat t i c u ^ Tfly thudc vio dilu kidn ridng, ddng n g h i nghiep T h i m phan Qua trinh mSi qudc gia cd nhflng nguydn tic, each dao t^o i p dyng eac phUdng p h i p khoa thfle t l chfle, phUdng p h i p v i ndi dung hpc hidn dai d l t i n g tinh dpc lip, sang tpo d i o t^o khae Qua p h i n tich kmh tieh cue eua hpe vidn Dd vdi Thim phan nghidm d i o tfio T h i m p h i n h i n h chlnh h i n h chinh, ngoii nhflng tidu ehuin eua eua Phap v i Dfle, chflng tdi dfla r a mdt so d l x u i t n h i m gdp p h i n n i n g eao ehfft lupng tuyIn chpn v i d i o tsio ^ ngii T h i m *" Xem: http://www.lamyetudiant.fr/Borienter/ficheBmetiera/aecteur-pubhc/240-magistrat.adminiatratif iftau NidNKfeKKiMHpcxiHOi m TUY^N CHQN VA PAO TAP THAM P H A N HANH CHINH ThSim phfin noi chung, Tham phan hanh chinh phai bao dam cac tieu c h u ^ dac thfl: CO k i a i thfle tdt ve quan ly hfinh diinh nhfi nUdc, cd sU am h i l u cfic Enh vUc chuydn mdn ky tiiuat khfic, cae linh vflc quan \y hanh chinh cu t h i nhiC quan ly nhfi nfldc ve dSft dai, tai nguyen vfi mdi b i , ^ g , thug', sd hflu tri tue, x i ly vi ph^m hf>nh chinh Hidn tai, fl nfldc ta chfla co quy *tirih rieng ve dieu kidn ddi vdi Tham phan hfinh ehinh mfi chi eo ydu c^u xuat phat tfl thflc tiln quan ly nha nfldc ddi hoi Nhfl vfiy, e ^ ehuyen bidt hda vide dfio tao Th^m phan hanh chinh Theo dd, c&i phai dfio t^o cac ki^n thflc chuydn sfiu v^ quan 1;;^ hfinh ehinh nhfi nfldc, lufit hfinh chfnh thay eho md hinh dao tao chung hi$n dang fip dung cho ta^t ea eac can b$ xdt XIJC tai Hpe vidn Tfl phap vfi Trfldng Cfin bp Tda an (chfldng trinh chui^ tfiit ca cfic ngfinh dan sfl, hinh sfl, hfinh chinh, lao ddng) Thli ba, xfiy dflng tidu c h u ^ chflc danh c\i the cho tflng cdng v i ^ bd mfiy nhfi nudc ndi chung vfi cho chflc danh ThiEm phan ndi ridng, d l Ifim cd s5 cho v i ^ dfio t^o, tuyen dung, stt d u i ^ , quy hoach, dfinh gifi vfi Ifi c h u & mflc d l rdn luy^n ph&i dfiu eua Th^m phan ThU tu, cin cd chd' dd dai ngd xflng dang, khen thfl&ig vfi ky luat thich dang dfia vdi ngfldi dfldc bo nhidm Th^m phan Tdn vinh, khich 1§ sfl phSn dau vfi nang cao vai trd trfich nhiem cua Th^m phfin xa hdi K^t lufin ^^l|c nghidn cflu kinh nghidm cua eac quoc gia khac dao tao Th^m phan ndi chung vfi Thfi'm phan hfinh chinh ndi rieng vd cung can thiet Tuy nhien, Q HHANi^RHUHQCXAKgi khdng cd md hinh chuing^i^o 'Vi^ ^ o ^ t T h ^ phan hfinh chlixh^tt&M