® NGHIEN CUU GUiO OUC NUOC NGOAI GIA TRj CA NHAN CUA SINH VIEN DAI HOC PHUDNG DONG VA PHUDNG TAY NGUYIN THj H|£N EiMll latciisyeduegiiMll c Wtn Khaa hoc GÎ o due VIM Nam NILE SIANlfY Email iistanley@[.]
® NGHIEN CUU GUiO OUC NUOC NGOAI GIA TRj CA NHAN CUA SINH VIEN DAI HOC PHUDNG DONG VA PHUDNG TAY N G U Y I N THj H|£N - EiMll: latciisyeduegiiMll.c Wtn Khaa hoc GI^o due VIM Nam NILE SIANlfY - Email: iistanley@iml.edu fial Inc NHtt Horida, Hoa Kl Tdm tdt: Bdi viet sCtdung Thang gid tried nhdn deso sdnh gid tri cd nhdn cua sinh viin sUphgm din td4 quocgia (Ode, t^i, Viet Nam, Trung Qudc) Kit qud phdn tfch dinh luang eho thdy: SUkhdc biet cd-y'nghia thong kid 10 gi tri ed nhdn (Nhdn di; Tudinh hudng; Thdnh dat; Quyen lUe, Binh an, Sutudn thu) eua sinh viin dhai nen vdn hda phuang Ddng vd phuang Tdy Mat khdc, bdi viit cung cho thdy cd su tuang dong gida hai nhdm sinh vien d gid tri ed nhdn: Truyen thdng; Yiu chupng hda binh; Thich mgo hiem; Hudng thu Tdc gid phdn tich mpt so nguyen nhdn cda su tuang dong vd khdc biit ndi tren; dong thdi, dexudt mdt soy kien nhdm ndng cao hiiu qud cua dinh hUdng gid tri ed nhdn cho thieu niin giai doan hien Tifkhda: Gid tri cd nhdn; sinh vien dai hoc; phuang Ddng; phuang Tdy (Nhan bdi ngdy 19/5/2016; Nhdn kit qud phdnbienvd chinh sda ngdy 14/7/2016; Duyet ddng ngdy 27/12/2016) I.Datvande Su thay ddi hay "dieh chuyin" gid tri, he gid tn vd sU "khung hodng gid tri" Id detai thu hut rat nhieu sUquan tdm cua ede hoc gid cung nhu dU luan xd hdi thdi gian qua Cd hai loai gia tri:G/dfr/edn/idn vd gid tri xd hpi dnh hudng vd chi phoi niem tin vd hdnh ddng cua ngudi, do, gid tn ed nhdn, mdt khai niem dd dUPc nhilu hpc gid, dae biet Id ede nha tdm li hpc xd hdi d ehdu Au quan tdm, nghien cQu Tren eo sd ke thda cac ket qud nghien cQu trade do, chung tdi eho rdng, gid tried nhdn Id nhdng dieu md ed nhdn cho Id quan trpng Id Uu tien cao nhdt cudc sdng Id nen tdng, Idm kim chi nam dan ddt mpi hdnh ddng vd sUlua chpn cua cd nhdn cupc song Gid tn ed nhdn dupc hinh thdnh tdkhi cd nhdn sinh ra, tuang ddi on dmh d tuoi trUdng thdnh, ehiu dnh hudng bdi mdi trUdng song, nen vdn hda, xd hpi dd ed nhdn sdng vd tham gia hoat ddng Da cd nhieu cdng trinh nghien cQu nUdc ban v l van de gid trj, dmh hUdng gid trj cho the he trd, nhien, eac tdc gia chu yeu tdp trung nghien cdu va d l xuat he gia tri ed nhan vdi tU each la myc rieu phat triln nhan each ngudi hoc eua gido due - de xuat, djnh hudng nhQng gia tri duoc eho la phd qudycdt ldi md mdi ca nhan can vd nen hUdng tdi.Tuy nhien, hien van chua ed y kiln thdng nhat la ed bao nhieu gia tn (edt Idi/pho quat) can hinh d the he tre Mat khac, "ddng chay" vd su"giao thoa"giQa eac nIn van hda khde hien du mudn hay khdng, chung ta khdng the phu nhan hoac "ngan chan" mdt each ca hoe su du nhap nhdng tU tudng, quan mem va gia tn tQ ben ngoai, vuot khdi bien gioi mdt qude gia - quy luat tat yeu cua qua trinh todn eau hda Nhieu edng trinh nghien cQu eua cac hoe gia chau Au gdn day (nhU Nisbett, Peng, Choi, & Norenzayan, 106 •KHOA HOC GIAO ogc 2000; Schwartz, 2014) da cho thay sU khdc biet van hda lUa chpn gia tri cd nhdn dang cd xu hudng cdng thu hep lai bdi sU tdc ddng eua qud trinh todn cau hda d nhilu mat, nhilu Unh vQc Do dd, viec d l xuat he gid tri ed nhdn nhdm dmh hQdng eho t h i he t r i can dUa tren viec xem xet xu hudng lua ehon gid tri Uu tien cilia cd nhan xu hudng toan cau hda Tuy vdy, day Id d l tai chUa duoc nhieu nhd nghien edu nUde chu y, dae biet, nhQng nghien cQu ve he gia trj ca nhan ciia sinh vien sQ pham cdn rat khiem tdn ThUc t l eho thciy, ben canh nhQng thdnh tUu ve kinh t l , vdn hda, khoa hpc edng nghe dem lai, chung ta cung dang phdi ddi mat vdi mdt nhQng thdch thQc rat Idn dd Id sQ suy thoai, biln chat v l dao dQe, van hda, ldi sdng cua mdt bd phdn khdng nhd ngQdi Viet hien nay, Dilu lo ngai la thUc trang dd cd dnh hudng rat tieu cUe d i n viee hinh thdnh gia tr; ed nhdn d t h i he tre Cd hay khdng sudnh hudng eua qua trinh toan eau hda anh hudng den sU Uu tien/lua chpn gia tri ca nhdn? Sy khde biet vdn hda hay sy khde biet ed nhdn ed vai trd Idn hon qua trinh hinh thdnh he gid tri ed nhan? Day la nhQng cdu hdi dupe ban luan nghien cQu ndy, nham gdp phan rim nhQng nguyen nhdn eua sU "khung hodng" gia tri va nhQng bien phdp ndng eao hieu qua eua dinh hudng gid tri eho the he tr^ giai doan hien Khio sat gia trj ca nhan cua sinh vien dai hoc phiTtfng Dong va phi/ong Tay 2.1 Caeh thdc tien hanh 2.1.1 LUa chpn thang Chung tdi sQ dung thang do/edng cu gia tri ca nhan (PVQ) eua Shalom H Schwartz (1992), la thang hien dUOC sQdung dilu tra xa hdi hoe, td chQe 06 thang mdt lan d chau Au Schwartz vd cae cong sQ (2003) NGHIEN CifU GIAO DUC NOdlC NGOAI ^ ngUdng, tdn giao, quy tde, chuan mUc xa hdi - 5a fadn thu: CU xQ ljch sU, hda nha, dung mUC vdi mpi ngudi, khdng thich gdy gd, tdm phien ngUdi khac; Cot suvang Idi, tudn thu (cha me, ngudi Idn tudi ,) - Binh an-Co\ trpng sUantodn, yendn eua ban than, cua ngUdi khdc vd cua cdng ddng., - Quyen luc: Coi danh tilng, quyen lye, sUgidu edvddlavjxa hdi; Thich Idnh dao vd kilm sodt ede nguon lUe (con ngUdi va thien nhien.,.), - Thdnh dat;Thich duac t h i hien ban than, eoi trpng thdnh tieh, phan dau de cd duoe tich vd dupc xa hdi edng nhan - Hudng thu: Coi mem vui, su vui ve, su tan hudng eude sdng - Thi'ch mao ft/em:Thich kham phd cai mdi, dilu bat ngd, sdn sang chap nhan mao h i l m d l tim thay sUthQ vi cudc sdng,., Schwartz eho rdng khdng nen ki vpng he so Cronbach's Alpha cao cho thang PVQ, vi hai nguyen nhanehinh.ThQnhat, md/gidff/cd nrtdnch; boo gdm mpf vdi bien (nhilu nhat Id Yeu chupng hda binh cung ehi cd bien- items)/Tdng thang gdm 21 items, Moi bien PVQ gdm 40 eau hdi trac nghiem (md td chan dung tQng gid tri dUoc iQa chpn d l bao qudt tat ed ede cua mdt sd ngudi), do, the hien mue tiiu, UdemuPn, phan cua djnh nghia rdng ban Id ludng ede khai khdtvong hay ngudn cam hQng eua ho, dung thang niem hep Thdhai, nhilu gid tn ed nhdn ed nhQng dinh tuong tQ nhu thang Likert mQc dd Gia tri ed nhdn nghia rdng, bao ham nhieu thdnh phan Vidy: Quyen/uc duoc xdy dung theo thang da hudng, dupc the hien bao gdm sQgidu sang va quyin t h i ; Yeu chupng hda binh va nhdm 10 gid trj co ban sau day bao gdm sUthau hilu va cdm thdng, quan tam den cdng I Self TraniccDdenci: | bdng va gidi tU nhien da t i l n hanh khdo sat thQ nghiem 10 gid tn cd nhan (xem bieu do), tren han 210 mau quan sat (nghiem thi) den tQ 67 qudc gia (mpt sd mau tU cac nQdc phuong Ddng nhu Hdng Kong, Indonesia ), d cae chau lye khac Mac du dd tin cay ed thap ban d ede nUde kem phat trien va d nhdng trudng hpp eUc doan, nhung kit qud cac nghien cQu thQ nghiem cua Schwartz da chQng minh dQpc tinh Qu viet eua thang bdi nd ed t h i sQdung vdi nhilu mau quan sat la, gdm tre em tU 11 tudi d i n ngudi gid vd khdng phan biet cd nhdn tiep thu nen gido dye phuang Tdy hay phuang Ddng Sau nay, Schwartz cung ed thQ nghiem eac gia tri khde d l bd sung vao 10 gia tri ndi tren, nhUng dng da khdng tim thay sQ tdn tai biin cua cac gid tri dd cdc nen van hda khde Mac du thang dd rien hanh dilu tra tren cdc mau d cdc nudc chdu A, nhien, van ehUa duac thye hien d Viet Nam, Vi vay chung tdi mudn thd nghiem thang tren mau nghiem the dViet Nam, nhdm so sdnh vdi cac kit qua quan sdt dupc tQ ede mau nghiem t h i d cdc nudc khdc tren the gidi, ddc biet ede nUdc d nen van hda phuong Tdy nhu MT, DQc 1.2 f/lau khdo sdt Nghien cQu khdo sdt tren 845 sinh vien dai hoe sQ pham (khu vQc thi) d i n td nQdc Mi, DQc, Trung Qudc va Viet Nam, dai dien hai nIn van hda phuang Ddng (n=569) va phuang Tdy (n=276), nQchiem81%, tudi tQ 18-25 2.1.3 Phuang phdp thu thdp so lieu Bdng eau hdi duac bien soan bdng tilng Anh, sau dd duoc dieh sang tieng Trung Qudc, tilng Viet va tieng S«jf- tahaiceineiu DQc d l phu hpp vdi ngdn ngQ thQ nhat eua tdng nhdm Bieu 1: So Gid tn ed nhdn (Schwartz, 1992) nghiem t h i Qua trinh thu thap sd lieu dapc thuc hien Self-Direction (Tu dinh hudng) Universahsm (Yeu dUa vao phdn mem true tuyen Qualtrics Trudng Oai ehudng hoa bmh); Benevolence (Nhan ai): A Tradition hpc North Florida, Hoa Ki cung cap vd dUac tien hanh (Truyen thong): Conformity (Su tuan thu); Security (Binh theo hai bade, Budc Thu mdi tham gia cudc dieu tra An); Power (Quyen luc) Achievement (Thanh dot), daoc gQi den dia chi email eua smh vien den tQ cac HedoOnism (Hudng thu): 10 Stimulation (Thich moo hiem)tradng supham cua nude ndi tren, Si/dc2: Neu nghiem Ndi ham cua 10 gia tn duoc md td tdm tdt nhu t h i ddng y tham gia, ho se cung cap nhQng thdng tin ca nhan (gidi tinh, dd tudi, ,), sau do, mpt email khac ta - Tudinh hudng Thich daoc lam chu ban than, tu ddng se daac chuyin den de ho tiep tue hoan phieu tra ldi true tuyen, dUa quyet dinh, coi tinh ddc lap ea nhan , - Yeu chuong hoa binh: Yeu quy, quan tam, bao ve 2.1.4 Phdn tich sd lieu thien nhien va ngudi, de eao su ddi xQ cdng bdng, Kilm dinh dd tin cay cua thang SQ dung he sd cdng li, binh dang, hda binh xa hoi,, Cronbach's Alpha de kilm tra dd tin cay cua cac tham - Nhdn Thich giup dd mpi ngUdi, trung sd udc luong tap dQ lieu theo tdng nhdm yeu td vdi ban be, tha thQ cho nhang ngudi Idt lam, khdng thu md hinh Trong dd, thdng ke md ta gid tn trung han binh (M) va lech chudn (SD) cua 10 gia tn duoc phan • Truyen thdng Tdn phong tue, tap quan, tin tieh, d l tim hieu cac gia tn Uu tien cua cac nhom nghiem E J SO 135-THANG 12/2016* 107 ® NGHIEN Cljru GIAO DUC NUKIC NGOAI the - sinh vien su pham den tQ qudc gia Phan ti'eh phQong sai ANOVA vd Indepent-sample T - test (kiem dinh gia thuyit trung binh eua hai tdng thi) de rim hilu sU khae biet cd y nghla thdng ke vdi dp tin cay 95% (hay mQc y nghia Sig,< 0.05), Test One way ANOVA (Post Hoc Multiple Comparisions) dQpc thUe hien de ehi cu t h i sQ khac biet cd y nghla thdng ke giQa cap gia tri trung binh ndo giQa hai nhdm nghiem the (Ddng -Tdy) Trong do, cau hdi ve gia tn ed nhdn Id bien ddc lap, cae nhdm nghiem the la biln phu thudc Ket qua khao sat gia trj ca nhan cua sinh vien dai hpc phuong Dong va phUcfng Tay 3.1 Kit qud Kiem dinh thang gid tri cd nhdn: Kit qua eho thay He sd Crobaeh's Alphas cua 10 gid tri ed nhdn dao ddng ta Q = 0,47 (Truyen thdng) den o = 0,75 [Thanh dat) Od tin cdy cua thang cua tQng gia tri (fidng 1) deu d mUc chap nhan duac va tUOng ddng vdi nghien cQu cua Schwartz, (1992, 2001) Tuy he sd Cronbach's Alphas khdng eao nhQng van dQOc chap nhdn bdi nd phu hop vdi nhQng li giai ma tac gia thang Schwartz da dUa (da duoe md ta phan Thang neu tren) Bdng 1: Kit qud kiem dinh thang gid tri cd nhdn - He so Cronbach's Alpha STT Thanh phan gia trj So items M Tudinh hudng 4,50 Yeu ehudng hda binh 4 70 SD 0,81 0,78 Cronbach's Alpha 62 63 vdi cdc gid trj mang tinh cdi m * de thay doi (Openess to change) Mat khde, kit qud phan tieh thdng ke tQ ham t-test cung cho thay sy tUOng ddng gJQa hai nhdm sinh vidn den hai nen vdn hda - phaong Ddng va phUOng Tay, d bdn gid trj: Truyin thong, Nhdn di, Thich mao hiem, Hudng thu Bdng 2: SUkhdc biit vd dong nhdt ve gid tn ed nhdn eua hai nhdm nghiem the STT G\& trj ca nhan PhUOng Dong (n=569) PhUtmg Tay (n=2761 T-test M SD M SD t Tudinh hudng 4.56 0.78 4.11 ,74 6,52" Yeu e h u d n g hda binh 4.56 0,77 4,99 53 -7 68** Nhanai 4,58 0,73 4,55 54 0.60 TruyenThdng 3.71 0.58 3.72 ,60 -0,11 Sutuanthu 4,56 78 4,11 74 6,52** Binh an 42 0,74 4,12 72 5.36" Quyen Lue 3,46 1.04 3.08 98 5.60" Thanh dat 4.38 0.93 3.88 ,57 7,11" Hudng Thy 4.37 0,88 4,47 82 -1,48 10 Thich m a o h i e m 3,93 3,84 91 18 1.03 (GhichO-M He so trung binh: SD Ddlechchuan) 3.2 Nhan xet Nghien cQu duoc thUc hien tren ede mau nghiem the la sinh vien sU pham den tU Mi, Bdc, Viet Nam, mac du sd lupng nghiem thechua du Idn de dai dien cho tat Satuanthu 4 42 0,81 0,62 ca sinh vien d i n tU hat nen van hda Odng,Tay; Mat khdc, Binh an 4,32 78 0.58 day la nghien cQu dau tien ve gid trj ed nhan sQ dung QuyenlUc thang PVQ cua Schwartz tren mau nghiem t h i den tCr 3 34 1,01 0,64 Viet Nam, Tuy nhien, tQ kit qud nghien cQu cd the thay Thanh dat 421 0,98 75 nhQng ddc trQng ve van hda, xa hdi„ da ed tdc ddng tdi Hudng thu 41 90 54 dinh hudng gia tri eua ed nhdn; ddng thdi, qua trinh toan 10 Thich mao hiem cau hda cung da lam cho mdt sd gid trj trd nen phd qudt/ 3,90 1,05 0,69 Sukhac biet va dong nhdt ve Gid tn ca nhdn gida sinh bien d nhQng nen van hda khac tren t h i gidi Nhu da trinh bay d phan thang do, mdi gia gia tri ca vien d hai nen vdn hda phuang Dong vd phuang Tdy: Kit qud thue hien ham T-test (Bdng 2) da phat hien nhan (theo Schwartz) cd nhdng dinh nghia rpng, bao ham su khdc biet cd y nghla thdng ke d 10 gia tn ed nhieu phan Mat khac, viee chuyen ngQ ten goi cdc nhan cua sinh vien dhai nen van hda, \a-.SUtudn thu, gia tri td tieng Anh sang tieng Viet cd the chUa bao qudt Yeu chuong hda binh Tudinh hudng, Thdnh dat, Quyen hit y nghTa cua tdng gia tn ma tac gia thang dUa luc Binh an Trong dd, smh vien phuong Ddng cd xu VI vay, de so sanh gid tri ea nhan giua hai nhdm nghiem hudng uu tien hOn cac gia trr Thdnh dat Quyen Luc vd the, can xem xet tren co sd ndi ham md ta y nghia mdi Binh an, Su tuan thu; Sinh vien cdc nude phuong Tay lai gia tri, de co cai nhin bao quat hon van de can nghien cd xu hudng cao hon d cac gia tn Tudinh hudng, Yiu cQu, ehudng hda binh Can cd vao hai nhdm gia tn ma tac gia SQ khac biet d gia tri ca nhan (Thdnh dat, Quyen thang phan ehia [xem bieu do), co the ihay Sinh vien LUc, Binh an, 5U tudn thu Tu dmh hudng Yeu chuong hda d cac nude phuang Ddng cd xu hudng lua chon cac gia binh) giQa hai nhdm nghiem the Ket qua taong tn mang tinh an toan (bao dam) {Conservatism), ddng vdi cac kit qua nghien cQu trade ve gia tn uu smh vien phuong Tay lai cd xu hudng trdi hon ddi tien cua sinh vien dai hoc d cac nen van hda khac Nhanai 4.57 0-73 0,70 Truyen t h d n g 3.71 0.83 0.47 - K H O A HOC GIAO DUC NGHIEN CUTU GIAO DUC NOdfC NGOAI cua Schwartz va Bardi (2001) Mat khac, sU khac biet van hda CO bdn giQa phQong Ddng va phaong Tdy, da daoc nhilu tac gia trudc dd (nhU Holfstede, 1991; Nisbett, Peng, Choi, & Norenzayan, 2001) de cap tdi: Dd Id su khac biet giQa quan dilm de cao Id ich chung eua tap the, nhdm va eua edng ddng cua ngudi phuong Odng vd quan diem d l cao tinh cd nhdn, tdn trpng sU lUa ehon, sU tu do, trach nhiem ca nhan, tinh tU ehu, pham chat ddc dao cua moi ea nhan cua ngUdi phuang Tdy Day cung ed the la nguyen nhan dan din viec sinh vien Viet Nam (phuang Ddng) lua chpn cac gia tri Binh an va SU tudn thu nhieu ban Gia tn Thdnh dat - Id mdt nhu cau can ban va Id mdt gid tn tot dep ma ngudi du d bat ki nIn van hda nao deu hudng tdi Viet Nam va Trung Qude la nhQng nQdc dang phat tnen, vdi khat khao vUan len, phattriln"ngorjg (dm" va"vua(rcrm"the gidi, ed le vi the ma Uu tien eho sU thdnh dat dupe dat ien eao hon; Quyen lUc cung duoc quan tdm nhieu hon d nhdm smh vien phuang Ddng, Dilu dd duoc the hien rd quan niem, hdnh vi vd ldi sdng cua ngUdi Viet Nam va ngadi Trung Qude Thdnh dgtva quyen lUc cung chinh vi the trd noi khat vong manh me cda nhieu ngUdi Hien trang cung da va dang anh hudng tieu eUc den ldi sdng, hdnh vi, dao dQe eua the he tre nay, Nguoc lai, anh hudng eua quan diem de cao trach nhiem va coi trpng tinh ty ehu, pham chat ddc dao eua mdi ea nhan d ngUdi phuong Tdy, sinh vien den tU nen van hda Qu tien han eac gia tn ed tinh edi mdde thay doi han, nhu Tudinh hudng - tQ chu, tU lap, td dilu khiln,., ^ hdi gan day cung cho thay sQ khac biet van hda ed anh hadng d i n nhQng pham chat nhan each cua ea nhan, dd cd gia trj ea nhan, dang cd xu hQdng thu hep lai - xu hadng ddng nhat ve van hda giQa cac quoc gia khae nhau, Chang ban: SQ khac biet la khdng dang ke giQa ede dan tdc, cae qude gia khac quan mem ve tin ngudng, gia tn sdng va thi hieu (Eshghi & Sheth, 1985) NhQng tranh luan neu tren deu cd ca sd va rat khd de rim nhQng nghien cQu lam bdng chQng phu dinh hay khang dmh mdt hai chieu hQdng - quan diem ndi tren Ca hai quan diem deu ed ehung kit luan: Su phdt tnen nhanh chdng eua nhdng nen kinh te d mpt sd khu vUc nhdng ndm qua dd ddn den nhdng thay doi quan trpng cdu true xd hdi vd hi gid tn song Vi vay, xu t h i hdi nhdp toan cau ve nhieu mat cua tat ca cac qudc gia tren the gidi hien nay, mot mat, cd nhQng gia tri dapc Uu tien lya chpn d nIn van hda nhUng lai kem dupe Uu tien d nen van hda khae, mat khdc, ed nhQng gia tri lai mang tinh quat, duoc d l eao d tat ed cac nIn van hda nhU Truyen thong, Yeu ehudng hda binh, Thich mgo hiem, Hudng thu cudc sdng, Ket luan - Cd sQ khae biet ed y nghTa thdng ke ve dmh hudng gid tried nhan giQa smh vien din tQ hai nen van hda khac nhau, eu t h i la gia tn SU tudn thu, Yeu chupng hda binh, Tudmh hudng, Thdnh dat, Quyen lUc, Binh an Mat khac, nghien cQu cung da phat hien ed sa tuong ddng giQa hai nhdm nghiem the d mdt sd gia tn: Truyen thdng, Nhdn di, Thieh mao hiem, Hudng thu Ve sutuongdong giQa hai nhdm nghiem t h i - NhQng yeu td nhu mdi tradng xa hdi, dieu kien lUa chon cac gia tri Truyen thong, Nhdn di, Thich mao ehinh tn, van hda, phong tue tap quan cua cdng dong hiem Hudng thu ket qua phan tich thdng ke cung cho ed anh hudng den dinh hudng gia tn ea nhan eua mdi thay sQ taong dong viec danh gia mde dd quan thdnh vien song edng ddng dd eua cac gia tri, dd, Nhdn di Tudinh hudng, - Qua trinh toan eau hda dan den sU thay ddi va sU Yiu chupng hda binh Id cae gtd tri dUdc tat cd sinh vien d "giao thoa" van hda giQa cae ddn tde khde nhau, da lam hai nen van hda deu danh gia quan trpng nhat; tiep den cho mdt sd gia tri trd nen phd quat - ludn dQOc Uu tien d la Truyen thong, Quyen lUc, Thi'ch mgo hiem; cudi cung la nhieu nen van hda khac (nhu Yeu ehudng hda binh, Binh an, Su tudn thu, Thdnh dat Ket qua phu hop vdi Nhdn di, Truyen thong.) cac kit qud nghien cQu cua cac tac gia trudc ve su Mpt so y kiin nhdm nang cao hieu qud dmh khac biet gtd trj ca nhan giQa cae nen van hda (Hofstede, hudng gid tri cd nhdn cho thiiu nien giai 1980; Schwartz, 1992) Viee tranh luan ve sU khdc biet doan bien vdn hoa hay sU ^hdc biit ed nhdn eo vai trd Idn ban -Gdi mdi tuduy [nhUsU thay ddi quan diem ve he viee dnh hadng, chi phdi hon den cac van de toan cau, gia tri, phuong phap giao due gia tn ) la nhu cau, xu the dd cd van d l ve he gia tn, van dang dien gay va la ddi hdi tat yeu de phat trien, ed y nghia khdng ehi gat va ehaa ed cau tra ldi thda dang, Xu hudng thdnhdt ddi vdi mptca nhan ma ddi vdi ea mdt quoc gia Ndt each cho rang: SQ khac biet van hda giQa eac qudc gia dang khac, sU thay ddi tich cQc la dilu can thiet, dac biet la trd nen Idn ban (nhUHofstede's, 1980;Tian, 2003), Trong sU thay doi quan niem ve he gia tn sdng va cae nghien cQu ve van hda eua Hofstede's (1980), eho dadng hlnh gia tn Cac hoe thuyet tam li hoc hien rang viec de eao ca nhan la mdt gia tn ngQtri nhieu nhat dai da chdng td mdi ca nhan la mdt ea the ddc dao, khac d Ml Nguoe lai, nhieu nghien edu lai cho rang, nhQng ve nhu cau, nang lUc, sd thich, hdng thu , Do do, sinh vien td nen van hda phaong Dong nhu Han Qude va tdn ca nhan, tdn sU khae biet d moi ngUdi Nhat 8an ed xu hudng de cao vai trd ca nhan, tdn "cai toi" ca nhan rat Idn, tham chi la Idn - mdt each tiep can giao due gia tri nhdm hudng hon ca smh vien Ml (Triandis, Bontempo, Villareal, Asai, the he tre den nhQng gia tn mang tinh edi md de thay &Luccia, 1988,Wileox,Gyungtai, Gentry, Stricklin, 8, Jun, dot, thay doi de tien bd, NhQng tQtadng, quan diem lac 19961 Xu huang thdhai, nhdng nghien cQutam li hocxa hau, khdng cdn phu hap vdi xu the phat tnen thdi dai can phai loai bd, nhu viec qua de cao quan diem cua tap SO 135-THANG 12/2016 • 109 ^ NGHIEN COU GIAO DUC NlMC NGOAI the, cua nhdm va thilu tdn sQ khac biet ca nhdn - Xdy dung nilm tin v l sU ton tai khach quan cua cdc gid tn la yeu cau rat quan giup thieu nien xdc dinh dung nhQng gia tri can thilt, tranh "chay" theo trao luu, theo ddm ddng nhu hien nay, artifaetual sources, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 42(7), 1127-1144 [3] Schwartz, S H, (2014), Rethinking the Concept and Measurement of Societal Culture in Light of Empirical Findings, Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 45(1)5-13, TAI LI$U THAM KHAO [4] NguyenThi Hien - Stanley, N - Rank, A, - Stanley[1], Hofstede, G., (1980), Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values, BeverlyL, & Wang, Y., (2015), A comparative study on storytelling perceptions of Chinese, Vietnamese, American and Hills: Sage Publications, [2] Fischer, R., & Schwartz, S., (2011), Whence German educarion students Journal Reading Psychology Differences in Value Priorities? Individual, cultural, or ,00:1-25,001:10.1080/02702711.2015.1105340 STUDENTS' INDIVIDUAL VALUE IN EASTERN AND WESTERN COUNTRIES Nguyen Thi Hien - The Vietnam Institute of Educational Sciences Emaih katepsyedu@gmail.com Nile Stanley - University of North Florida, USA Emaih nstanley@unf.edu Abstract: The article uses Individual Value Scale to compare pedagogical students' personal values in countr (Germany the US, Vietnam and China) Results of quantitative analysis showed significant statistic differences In out 10 students'personal values (Kindness, Self-Direction, Success, Power, Safety, and Compliance) in East and West On the other hand, the article also expresses similarities between two groups of students in individual values: Tradi Love peace; Like adventure; Enjoyment The author analyzes some causes of the similarities and differences as menti above; at the same time, proposed ideas to improve the effectiveness of individual value orientation for youth in th current penod Keywords: Individual value; students; Eastern, Western n o ' K H O A HOC GIAO DUC ... hien tren ede mau nghiem the la sinh vien sU pham den tU Mi, Bdc, Viet Nam, mac du sd lupng nghiem thechua du Idn de dai dien cho tat Satuanthu 4 42 0,81 0,62 ca sinh vien d i n tU hat nen van... tien cua cac nhom nghiem E J SO 135-THANG 12/2016* 107 ® NGHIEN Cljru GIAO DUC NUKIC NGOAI the - sinh vien su pham den tQ qudc gia Phan ti''eh phQong sai ANOVA vd Indepent-sample T - test (kiem... nhdn Id bien ddc lap, cae nhdm nghiem the la biln phu thudc Ket qua khao sat gia trj ca nhan cua sinh vien dai hpc phuong Dong va phUcfng Tay 3.1 Kit qud Kiem dinh thang gid tri cd nhdn: Kit qua