I*P CBi PBAT TRItN KHSCN, TAP 17, SO Q3 2II14 SV CHAP NHAN VA Slj DVNG DAO TAiO TR VC TUVEN THEN BIEN TOAN DAiH MAY ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF CLOUD BASED E LEARNING Nguyin Duy Thanh Trudng Bpi hpc each kh[.]
I * P CBi PBAT TRItN KHSCN, TAP 17, SO Q3-2II14 SV CHAP NHAN VA Slj- DVNG DAO TAiO TR VC TUVEN THEN BIEN TOAN DAiH MAY ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF CLOUD-BASED E-LEARNING Nguyin Duy Thanh Trudng Bpi hpc each khaa, OHQG - HCM- thanKmnivenrhn'Svmnll mm Nguyln-Tiln DQng Trudng Hpi hpc Bdch khoa, DHQG - HCM Cao Hao Thi Bal hpc Cdng nghi Sdi Gdn IBai nhjn iijiy ihmg 04 nim 2013 horn chli* s m d m ngiy 26 M„ M nim 2013) TOIU TAT Bdo too uuc tuyin dang Id mpl xu hupng mil cua nin gtdo d,c hifn dot Mdc du cd nhiiu nghien cuu vf ,/io „ „ inrc luyen uin difn tpdn ddm mdf nhung khdng cd nhiiu nghien ouu vi su chip nhan sudung difn lodn ddm mdy Mft khac cd rdt h nghiin cuu vi su chdp nhdn vd su dung ddp tao true uryen tren difn todn ddm md, khong nhimg p Viet Nam md cd tren thi gidl Nghien cdu ndy tham chieu theo mo hlnh md rfng cua ly thuyil thing nhdt chdp nhdn vd su dung cdng nghf (UTAUn) di nghien ctiu su chdp nhpn vd sti dt/ng Joo w uuc tuyin iren difn tpdn ddm mdy d Vift Nam Trpng dp cdc,eu IP ky vpng hlfu qua kp vpng nf luc dnh hudng xd hfl diiu klin thufn 10 ddng luc thu hidng vdlhd, quen cp dnh hudng den f dinh vd hdnh vl su dung «f& tpo true uryin Uen dtfn loan ddm md Mo hmh nghien cdu gldi thich dupc khpdng 75% nhiing blin dpng cia sp chdp nhdn vd su dung ddp tap true uryentrin diin ipdn ddm md, TU khoi: Chap nhfn vd sd dmg ^oo lao uuc tuyin dlin todn ddm mdy UTAUT ABTRACT E-learnlng Is an Inevitable trend In modem educaturn Despile much research on E-learnlng based on cloud computlngresearch on the adoption and use pf cloud-based Eleaming In Vleutam as welt as m the world remains limited This surd, adopt, the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technplpgy (UTA UT2) ta research pn the model of acceptance and use pf E-learnlng based on cloud computing In Vietnam Resuh shows that faclors such as performance expectancy effort expectancy, social Influence, facilitating cpndltlpn hedonic motivation and habh affect the Intention and use of clpud-based E-learnlng The model explains 75% of variance In Intention and use of cloudbased E-learnlng KeywordstAcceptanceanduse cm cloud computing E-leaming factors UTAUT thifn Ttong xa h^i hi§n dji thi qua Mnh hoc tap dang ttO Ihinh mot nhihig yju to quan bvng kinh doanh v4 tang traong kinh tl xa h}i (KameL 2002) NhOng khda hpc dju " l " "^ ^'' "*• "V= ""y*" " E-leaming (BTTT) ' ' ' ' " " " ° " ^ ' " * • ^8 tit vi|c Itinh '^"^^ '^'^ ^ ^^vc niyjn lan truyen khap toAn ciu voi su canh tranh khde hft Theo thdng ki Trang 71 Science ^Technology DcTeiopnenl, Vol 17, No.Q3-2014 ciJa Certifyme (2013), o Hoa Ky cdc doanh nghiip tik kiem ^roc khoang tir 50-70% chi phi thuc hien DTTT so voi dao tao true tiip; cic khoa hpc DTTT nit ngan khoang tir 25-60% thoi gian so voi dao tao truyin thdng Co khoang 23% nhSn vien tin bo cong viec vi thieu dieu kifin thing tien va co hoi dupc dao 130 DTTT giup tang kha n3ng luu giii kifin tiiuc khoang tir 25-60% Hifin t£ii co khoang 70% cAc khda DTTT diln tai BSc M^ vk chau Au, nhung o chau A Thai Binh Duong cOng dang phdt trifin rit nhanh, v6i Vifit Nam (VN) va Malaysia phat trifin nhanh n h k Bfin cgnh d6 Ambient Insight (2013) dir bdo iing VN s5 xfip hang 10 qu6c gia h ^ g dku tii4 gidi ve t6c dp tdng miong doanh thu cao cua DTTT vdi nam t6i (2011-2016), d^f kiin t6c d$ tang truong cua DTTT VN Id khodng 44% Chinh phu vd B$ gido dye va ddo ^ o VN nd lire Aia cdc npi dung s6 vdo h? tii6ng tru6ng hpc (3), vi?c mo rOng kha ndng cua gido dye tr^c tuyen vd nhu cau ngdy cdng tang \h DTTT khu vyc doanh nghiep sfi tinic ddy sy phdt triin ngdnhgido dye mjinh mg Trong nhftng ndm g4n ddy, difin todn ddm mdy - Cloud computing (DTDM) da Idm thay d6i ban chat cua Intemet ttr moi tru&ng tmh sang m6i tru&ng nSng dpng hon, cho phfip ngu6i su dimg ch^y cdc (mg dyng phin mfim, chia sfi th6ng tin, t^o irng dung ao, hpc t|p true tuyin Cdc ihig dyng DTDM dang phdt triin m^nh me vd DTTT ciing dang ngdy cang biin NguW su dung dang tro nen quen thu§c v6! vific truy d p m^ing mpi luc mpi nai voi mpi tiiiit bj c6 tile kit n6i dupc Intemet Hon nfta nhu cdu trao d6i hay cpng tac qua Intemet dang ngdy cdng tr6 thdnh xu tiifi, vdi nhu clu hpc tip ngdy cdng da dang vd sir phdt nifin nhu vu bdo Clia cdc hfi thing thong tin tiii cdc ung dyng trfin DTDM ngdy cdng khdng dinh tinh '"Huong din cua BQ GiSo dye vd Ddo t^o (2011) vh vi?c man khai nhiem vy CNTT nta hpc 2011-2012 theo cong van s6 4960/BGDDT-CNrr Trang ^ ^ hifiu qua, nen DTTTfirfinDTDM (Cloua-*&jga, E-leaming) cung Id m6t xu huong d t y&i, M{lt khac, Masud & Huang (2012); MasudA c ^ (2014) cho rdng DTDM la m6t nh&ng xu hudng cong nghfi moi co tac d6ng dang ki d&i m6i tnrong gidng dfty vd hoc t|p M5c du CO nhiiu nghien cuu vfi DTTT tr&i DTDM da dupc thuc hi?n boi nhifiu tdc gia (v.d., Masud & Huang, 2012; Viswanatii* &§., 2012; Zheng&Jingxia, 2012; Utpal&MajiduJ, 2013, Masud& ctg., 2014; Nguyen & ctg., 2014c) Tuy nhien, kh6ng cd nhifiu nhifin cthi L ve sv chip nh§n DTDM (v.d., Leonardo& ctg.^ , 2013; Muhambe & Daniel, 2013), sy chip nhjn sii dung DTTT (v.d., Will&Allan, 2011; Lin& ctg., 2013; Al-Gahtani, 2014) Mgt klidc, c6 It nghien ciiru vfi sy chip nh§n va sii dyng DTTT ' trfin DTDM (ngo^i trCr, v.d., Nguyen & c ^ 2014a; 2014b) Myc tifiu cua nghifin ciiu ndyli tifip c|n cdc khdi ni^m c6 lien quan ciia DTTT* DTDM, sy khde bi^t giOa DTTT truyin tiiipg va DTTT trfin DTDM, chi nhihig lpi ich cda DTTT tren DTDM Bfin c^nh d6, dya teSn ^ nhQng nghien ciiu lifin quan vd ly tiiuyit th6ng nhat chip nh|n vd sii dyng c6ng ngh§ (UTAUT) (Venkatesh & ctg., 2003; 2012) tdc gid nghien ciiu sy chip n h ^ su dyng DTTT trfin DTDM Dii hrpng vd phgm vi nghien cihi Id nhChig nguM da tiing su dyng ho(ic c6 ^ djnh sit dyng DTTT trfin DTDM cua cdc to chftc giao dye a VN Ting quan cc so- IJ thuylt 2.1 Bdo t^o tryc tuyin trfin ili$n todn ddm mdy DTTT Id m6t nhttng c6ng nghf dgc bifit dupc phdt hifn dk h6 trp vifc hpc t|p vd ddo tao dupc dl ddng hem so v6i cdch truyin thing vdi sy trp giup ciia cdc phin mim ihig dyng vd m6i tru&ng hpc t|p Theo Tavangarian & ctg (2004), DTTT bao gim nhieu logi phuong tifn truyen tiidng nhu vSn ban, dm Uianh, hinh dnh, hlnh dnh d§ng, video J J i ,.j TAP CHi PHAT TRItN KHiCN, TAP 17, SO Q3.20H true hiyen, tniyin hinh vt tinh, hoc tap dua tren may tinh eiuig nhu mang cue bo hoac mang diSn r^ng dao tao tten web Bondarouk & Ruel (2010) thi cho tang DTTT la bit ky loji hinh hoc tap nSo ma bii canh giiSng day diroc thire hien thong qua vi& sil dimg mang may tlnh, chli yh la qua mjng noi bo hay Internet bat cir dau va bk cit luc nao Theo Lee & ctg (2004), mot s6 hinh thirc DTTT nhu: (1) Dao tao dira ttSn c6ng nghe (TBT), (2) Dao tao dim tren may tinh (CBT), (3) Dao tao dua tren web (WBT), (4) Hoc t^pldko tao ttuc hiyen (.OUT) va(5)D4ot?ot£txa(DL) BTDM IS mpt ttong nhimg tir ngO th6ng dvng ph6 biln duoc sit d(ing trgn khSp the gidi cong nghf thong tin (CNTT) DTDM Ihirc sn bat nguin tit Intemet vJ thudng dupc bieu thj ttong c4c so d i mjlng (Pocatilu & ctg, 2010) Theo Foster & etg (2008), DTDM li mot mo hlnh di?n toiin phan tdn c6 tinh tdy biln cao, li noi chila cic thu^t loin, kho luu ttQ, cac nin tang, cdc djch vy duoc phdn phii theo nhu cSu Clia khdch hdng thong qua Inlemet Trong di, Bnyya (2009) thi cho rang DTDM la mit diing h | thing song song phdn tdn bao gim l^p hgp cdc mdy chu kit nil viti nhau, cdc mdy chii dupc cap phdt ding vd the hl|n nhu mit hay nhilu tdi nguyen dong nhit dira ttin st/ thda thudn djch vt/ giOa nhd cung eip yd nguiii sir dvng Bin cjnh ii, theo Sun Microsystem (2009), DTDM thudng dupc chia thdnh lo«i dva trln g6l tdi nguyin mdy tlnh cdc lop dich w khde nhau: (1) Co sd tang nhu djch vv (laaS), (2) Nin tdng nhu dich vv (PaaS) vd (3) Phin mim nhu dich vv (SaaS) Theo Zheng S Jingxia (2012) cdc dich vv cua DTTT n^n DTDM cd thi dupc chia Ioai nhu md td ttong Bang Bang I: Npi dung vd dich vu DTDM Npi dung DTDM Dtt lieu lieu chuan \k dm ihanh video diJJi^u hinh anh van ban IaaS Da lieu CO the dirge chujin d6i dit lieu chuan SaaS Du heu dpc qu>en d^ra tren «eb, trinh choi nhac nhiing vao eac irang web Sons DiJ li^u rieng tu nguoi su dgng can phai tai ve thii eong PaaS ^gudn: Zheng & Jingxia (2012) DTTT tt^n DTDM la mpt phan cua DTDM Irong Ilnh virc giao dpc gianh cho cdc h§ thing DTTT DTTT tt£n DTDM se la tuong lal cho cdng nghe vd co sd tang ciia DTTT DTTT ttin DTDM cd diy dli cac quy chuin nhu phin cdng vd phan mem d^ tdng cudng co sd hv ting cho DTTT Mpl cdc ldi lipu gido dpc cho cdc h | thing DTTT dupc hda ttong cdc mdy chli dam mdy cd sin dl sir dyng cho ngvdi hpc vd cdc CO sd gido dvc khde Ihul lpi tit cdc nhd cung cdp ddm mdy (Viswanath, 2012), ThcoLaisheng & Zhengxia (2011), DTTT tren DTDM dupc chia thdnh ldp chinh: (1) Tdi nguyen phdn cdng, (2) Tdi nguyin phin mem, (3) Qudn ly tdi nguyen, (4) Mdy chi vd (5) Ldp dng dyng Bdo tso trpc tuyin truyin thing vS dio Ijo trpc truyin tren difn lodn ddm mfly Trong md hinh DTTT tmyin thing, thi h | thing dupc dat ben ttong cde l i chdc gido dye hay cdc doanh nghiep nen vijc xdy dpng, thyc hien vd bao tti phdt sinh nhieu van dl, chdng han nhu diu tu ddng kl co sd hp ting he thing thdng tin, nguin nhin luc din den thiiu tilm nang phdt ttiin Ngupc lai, md hlnh DTTT tren T r a n g 73 Scitnce & Tecbnology DeTelopment, Vol 17, No.QJ-2014 DTDM thyc hi?n theo co che quy mo hieu qud, tlic Id viec xdy dung he thing duoc giao cho cac nhd cung d p DTDM (Mendez & Gonzalez 2011) Mdt khac moi truong DTDM ho trg cho viec tJio cdc the he moi ciia h? thong DTTT cd tfie chay tren nhiiu thiit bj thiit bj phan ciing khde nhau, dii lieu dugc luu triJ tren cdc dam mdy (Masud & Huang 3012) Ben cgnh do, tiieo Marshall (2013), nhBng Iy chinh yfiu d€ chuySn h? tiidng DTTT tniySn thdng sang nen tdng DTDM, nhu Id co thi tiiyc hi?n bdt cu noi ddu vd bdt cd ndo; cpng tdc vd phdi hgp voi tii&i gian thyc; theo d5i dugc thong tin phdn hoi mOt each lien tyc; quan trgng nhat Id thyc hifn cong vi?c hgc t^p va gidng day hi^u qua hon Vi dy, vdi vi^c chuyin DTTT sang nen tang DTDM thi cdc trudng d^i hgc da tiet ki§m dugc chi phi ddng kl, c^ the Id d^i hgc Marconi (V) da tiet ki?m dugc khoang 23% chi phi ddo t9o mgt ndm dimg DTTT tren DTDM so vdi gidi phdp DTTT truyin tiling (Venkatraman,2013) L9I fch ciia ddo t^o tryc tuyin trln di{n toin ddm mSy Theo Al-Jumeily & ctg (2010), DTTT tren DTDM giiip gidm chi phi ngudi s* dyng khdng chn cdc mdy tinh d]x hinh m?nh de chjiy cdc ling dyng DTTT, ngydi diing cd th^ chgy cdc ling dimg tir DTDM trfn mdy tinh cd nhdn di?n thogi di dgng mdy tfnh bdng vdi cau hinh phSn Cling binh thudng thong qua kit n6i Intemet Rao & ctg (2012) cho rang DTTT tran DTDM giiip cai thi?n hifu suit vl ngudi sii dyng DTTT hAu nhy khdng g§p sy c6 v i hi§u suat edc ung dyng vd qud trinh xCr IJi d|u dugc thyc hifn trtn ddm may Theo Viswanath & ctg (2012) vi$c c$p nh^l ph^n mim dugc thyc hign m^t cdch ty d^ng tir ddm mdy cho cdc ling dyng DTTT ti«n DTDM Vifc cdi Ihifn tfnh tuong thich vl djnh dgng tdi ligu vdi cdc ung dyng ttr DTDM s6 tr^nh dugc sy c6 Trang 74 md tap tin trfn nhiing thiet bj tin hgc khtb Viswanath & ctg- (2012) cung cho rirg DTTT n-^n DTDM giup ich cho gido vien troi^ vifc chudn bj bai kiem n^ tryc tuyin, tgo gifo an thdng qua hf thong quan ly ngi dung, danh gia cac bdi kiem tra, bdi t^p ciia hpc vifin, gdi cac phdn hoi va thdng tin vo'i hpc vifn thfii^ qua diln ddn tryc tuyin Pocatilu & ctg (201- Sai sd ngdu nhif n Phuong trinh hfii quy bieu diln mfli quan h i gitta phin CEI va vifc su dung DTTT trfn DTDM + PiiX,, + p,yX,: + p,yX,3 + A^V„ + ^,^V„ + j?,.a',.; + P,^X„ + ^rXr + £/ (4.1) - Yf Gid trj cua y djnh sir dyng DTTT trfin DTDM (CEI) Bang 2: Ket qua phdn tich nhdn td khdm phd cut cdc thdnh phdn ddc \%i Cac biln quan s&t EE, Sudyng i 11 tren 01 UM iang hifu qua vd chat lugng hQC i$p EE2 Sir dyng BTTT tr6n DTDM giup tiet kifm Ihfti gian EE4 DTTT trfin DTDM mang din co hfi ty hgc md rfng hon EE, Cam ih^y djcii vy DTTT ufin DTDM r^t hilu ic vd thu^n ti^n PE, Ul IT tr6n DTDM de sir dyng PEj Tuong tSc sir dyng DTTT tren DTDM 1^ don gidn vd dl hilu PE, Hgc cdch sir dyng DTTT trfin DTDM dl dSng PE, Dl d4ng thuin thyc vi?c sti dyng DTTT trfin DTDM HM| Su dung DTTT tren DTDM mang din nhOng trai nghifm ihil v| HM, se ik thich ths sir dyng DTTT tren DTDM HMi Sir dyng DTTT tren DTDM rdt dfi chiu HAj Nghifn sii dyng DTTT trfin DTDM HA, Khflng thfi ttr bo vifc sir dyng DTTT trfin DTDM HA, Sii d«ng DTTT tifin DTDM trd thSnh thoi quen SI, Nhttng ngudl quan trgng ung hf sir dyng DTTT trfin DTDM Slj Ban bfi nghr rang nfin sti dyng DTTT trfin DTDM Slj Trd nfin co tim anh hirdng ty hpc bing DTTT tren DTDM Traog 80 EE PE HM (I) (2) (3) CAc ylu t6 HA Sl (4) (5) 0,840 0,786 0,775 0,772 0,839 0,820 0,789 0,786 0,813 0,754 0,728 0,892 0,804 0,797 0,783 0,650 PV FC (6) (7) TAP CHi PHATTRIEN KB&CN, T^P 17, SO Q3-2014 DTTT ir&j DTDM mang l^i nhifiu kifintiiiicso vdi chi phi bo la 0.857 Tiei ki«ii thdi gian va cong siic sir duna DTTT trfin DTDM 0.849 Co difiu ki^n phiJ hgp dfi sir dung DTTT Ufin DTDM Co kifin thiic d n thifit dfi sir dung DTTT tren DTDM 0.724 He sfi tin cfv (Cronbach a) Gia trj rieng (Eigenvalues) Phucmg sai uich (I'arianceextracted) Ket qua phdn tich hdi quy dugc trinh bay chi Iiet nhu d Bang 3, vdi gia tn cac bifin quan sdt dira tren difim yfiu td (factor score) dugc luu tir phan tich nhan td kham phd Theo nhu Bang vd Cdng thirc (4.1) thi kfit qua phdn tich hdi quy cho thdy cdc yfiu td dnh hudng dfin S djnh sir dyng DTTT tren DTDM (CEI) gdm PE, EE, Sl, FC, HM PV vd HA Phuong trinh hfli quy nhu sau: CEI = 0.129PE" + 0.185EE' + 0.307SI' + + 0.I1IFC"+ 0.498HM' + 0.039Py'"+ 0.268HA' + £t •p0,05 Bi^n PV cua phuong trinh hoi quy cd mitc -j nghTa th6ng Up = 0,375 (> 0.05) nfin loai bo bien ndy la khdi phuong trinh Kifim djnh t ctia cdc y^u to PE EE, SI, FC, HM vd HA d^u dgt 0.830 0.841 0,807 5.530 2.618 1.854 26.333 12.467 8,831 0.804 1.508 7,181 0,740 1.465 6,975 0,685 1,032 4.912 0,721 1,000 4.764 yfu cdu {p < 0,05) Hf sd Rf hifiu chinh la 0,465 Kifim dinh F vdi mirc y nghTa thdng kfi p = 0,000, nfin phuong trinh hfli quy phu hgp vdi tdp dii lieu vd co tfif sii dyng dugc (sau logi bd bien PV) Theo nhu Bang vd Cflng thtic (4.2), ket qua phdn tich hdi quy cho Uily nhdn to CEI cd anh hudng dfin vific sti dyng DTTT trfin DTDM (CEU) Phuong tinh hdi quy nhu sau: CEU= + 0.7I6CEI'+Zu *p