THI/C TIEN KINH NGHIEM Thuc frang van de co dong thdi nhieu hanh vi rui ro of lioc sinh frung hoc pho thong tai Ha Noi • ThS DUaNG TH| THU HU''''aNG HQC vfen BAo chi vd Tuy§n truydn Hdnh vi nii ro la vfi[.]
THI/C TIEN - KINH NGHIEM Thucfrangvan de co dong thdi nhieu hanh vi rui ro of lioc sinhfrunghoc thong tai Ha Noi • ThS DUaNG TH| THU HU'aNG HQC vfen BAo chi vd Tuy§n truydn Hdnh vi nii ro la vfin de rfit dang quan tam d ltotofiivjtiianfaMm ndi ehung va hpe sinh trung hpc pfad tiifing (THPT) noirigng.D ^ la giai doan efai^en h.kptobe em sang nguoi lon, vi vgy se eo nMlu biln ^ i vg tdra sinh Iy, sdfluefa,quanfaexfifafi, kMen Ifta todi pfaai ddi mat vdi nMeu riguy ea rui ro Do la cac van de ve bgo lyc, ve sft (Mng matoy,but thude la, cfao den trgng tfaai tinfa fllin ed y djnfatiltiXv.v D I tita Mgu thyc trang van dg cd dfing tiidi nMeu hanh vi nii ro d hpc sinfa THPT tgi Ha Ndi, tac gja tap trung ngfaien euu 11faanfavi eytiigffirpcliy mlu ttgn 1.333 hpc smh Kit qud ngjurai ctiu da dua dupe bang cfaftng vg: tfaye trang cd ddngtiidinMdu hdnfa vi rfti ro, Meu bilt rieng ve timg hanh vi nii ro va mfii Ugn hf ^ua cdc h&nh vi rfti ro Tren ca sd dd, dua nhitag giai p h ^ pfaufappddi voi cae cfaucmg trinfa can titi^, giam s&tfaanfavi rfli ro cua hpc sinh THPT Gidi thifu Tgi Vet Nam, ngMgn ciiu (Jufic gia VTN cho Hdnfa vi rfti ro 1& vin dl rit dang quan tam d vj liiiy rit nMlu bing cfaflmg vl caefadnhvi cd nguy tiianfa nign (VTN) noi efaung vd hge sinfa tiung fagc CO cao d VTN nhu: bgo lye, hftt thudc Id, sft d\fag phfi thfing (THPT) nfii rieng Day 1& Ifta tofii bia rugu, sue khoe tinfa tfain, cd y djnfa ty tft va cfi chuygn ti^ tu tre em sang ngufli ldn, pfa&i dli mat ging ty tft Hge sinh THPT Ifi giai dogn cuoi cua voi nMlu thay ddi vg tfim ly,fliicfaIdiam pfaa nfaiing VTN, mge dft fag danfa pfafin Itm thdi gian sfing, thu mdi, ed them nMgu mli quan he xa fadi pfafte fagc tap tgi mfii tradmg giaffinfava nfaa buong, lap haa v& di cimg voi dd chinfa 1& nguy co ddi mat nWgn cae bang efaung ngjtien eftu gfin dfiy tgi Vft vdi nMlufadnhvi riii ro Tfi efaftc Y tl tfae gjdi da Nam eung kfafing tranfa kfadi nfaiing nguy co ciia tiing dua mft vai sfi dang quan tam nfau: eacfaanfavi rfti ro (Nguyen Thanh Huong 2010, fadi^ nam cd kfaodng 16 tiifu nu VTN ttong dp todi Le TM Kim Thoa 2013, Lg Cy Linfa 2010) Tuy 15 din 19 sinfa con, va VTN, tiianh men d dp mfii nMgn, cac ngMen eftu ve hdnfa vi nii ro efta VTN 15 - 24 cMgm ^ If 40% tiong tfing sfi n^ifli tiudng ndi chung va hpe sinh THPT ndi rigng m.in cfaft tfa&nh nMem HIV raoi Ngodi ed kfaodng 20% yeu dftng lgi d viec phfin tich rieng biet thye trgng VTN (E tiing gap pfaai nhiing van dg vl sue kfaoe tiing hdnfa vi Vfin dl dat la lieu hge sinh THPT tinh tfain, kfaoang 150 trieu ngudi tretofiifauttfaudc efi dfii mat voi thyc trgng cd nMgu va dfing tfafli v& mpt sd Iugng dang ke tfaam gia vao bao lye cung e&efaanfavi wi ro kfafing v& nhdmfagcsinfa n&o ed nfatgu nguy coLdfii mat voi nfaieu fadnh vi rui ro? nfau tii vong vi bao lye (WHO 2014) LT UIAH DIIIIH TRI VA TRUTfll THOHG _ stf / ^ THl/C T I I N - KINH NGHIEM Hon niia, cacfaanfavi rui ro cd moi Ugnfafvoi nfaau hay cy tfal faon la viec cd mfit s l e&cfaanfavi rfti ro cd pfa&i 1& y l u tfi l a m tang n g u y c o cd thdm c&c hanfa vi rfti ro khac hay kfadng? D a y l& cfic v&n dd chua duge quan tfim ngMgn cftu nMeu frong die ngMgn cftu d a tiln hdnfa, v | y dfiy se 1& ttgng tfim b&i viet pfaan tieh d l i voi fapc sinh T H P T tgi Hd N f i K i t qu& ngMen e u u se b o sung thgm nfaung nfagn tfaiic, b i n g efaflng ve hanfa vi rui ro cfta fapc sinfa T H P T frong bfii cdnh x a h f i dang cd nMlu biln ddi P h m m g ph&p nghign c d u Phirang phdp thu thdp thong tin NgMen eflu sft dyng pfauong p f a ^ djnfa lugng, ey tfag la digu tta chpn mfiu bang bfing hdi vdi e d m l u Id 1333 hpc smh tgi ttudng T H P T fliugc qugn ngi th&nfa H a Ngi NgMgn eftu d u g e thyc Mfn ttong kfaufin kfafi lugn an tien sy, da d u g c pfag duyet Bdng fadi d u g c x a y dyng tfadng cjua cju& tiinfa tong quan t&i Ufu cac nghien eftu v l hdnfa vi rfti ro nuoc va ttgn tfal gifli, dge bift Id cd k l tfafta cd chgn lgc danfa s&efa cacfaanfavi rfti r o d o Trung tam k i l m so&t va ngan ngira bfnh tfit (Centers for ffisease conttol and prevention - C D C ) cfta M y da ^ dyng dg giam s&t h&nfa vi ruirocfta fapc sinfa bgc THPT tgi M y v& da dugc tiln fa&nfa ngMgn Cliu tai 42 faang tgi M y v& k l tfaua cfapn lpc tft ngMen curu qufie gia V T N Vift N a m lan frong ed dg cap d i n cdcfaanfavi nii ro cua VTN, tfaanh nign Vift N a m (L.Kann 2014) Cae eau fadi v a tfaang bang fadi sau ktd xay dyng da dugc cfauanfao&qua nMgu budc: bang fadi dugc tfaft voi 30 fapc sirtii tgi traomg Cac vfin d l b i t c§p pfa&t Men ttong q u atiinfatfaft bang fadi duge faodn tMfn v(ii sy tbam gia y Iden cua hgc sinh v& tham vfin y kign cfauygn gia Bdng fadi tilp ttic duge tiift l l n voi mgt Iflp hpe gfim 42 fape sinfa nfaam d a m bfio chac cfaan bang hdi khdng ggp cae Ifii sai v l p h u a n g an tta Ifli va ldi h f tiiong khae, dfing thdi tigp tye tfaam van chuyen gia vg nfaiing thay ddi v& hoan titifn tiudc kM tiln hdnfa ffilu tta efauifa tiifte Mdu nghien cdu vd ky thuat phdn tich sd lifu Mfiu ngMgn eftu bao gfim 1.333 fape sinfa dugc 74 LYUlAHCHIHHTR|VATRUyfllTH0HG-Stf3/2O17 efagn tgi tiudng T H P T (3 huomg cfing lap v& ttudng ngoai cdng lap) fliudc qugn tong so = 12 qugn ngi tii&nh H a Ngi, b a o gfim: H o a n Kiem, c i u Giiy, B i c Tft Liem Tgi mfii qugn, nghien cflu lya ehgn ngau nMen d u d n g T H P T ttong tong s l e&c tmfing Mfn c d tgi m l i c j u ^ - Tgi mfii tradng, fagc sinh tigp tyc d u g c chpn v a o mSu ngMen cihz dap ftng tigu cM ngau nMgn v& kfa&efa quan: mdi kfaoi lya efagn ngau nMen Idp, sau toan b f fapc sinfa ldp d u g c m d i tfaam gia nghign cftu sau kM d a nghe phfi bien v e m u e dieh, tinh khuylt (Janh v& vifc tham gia ngfaien c u u la hoan toan to nguyfn Tfing fagp lgi cd 1.333 h g c sinfa t y ngi^fn tfaam gia ngMdn ciiu, dfiy la sd h g c sinh thufc 36 ldp h g e tft kfadi 10 ddn khfii 12 v& tft tradng T H P T thufic qugn tgi H a Ngi NgMen cftu s u d y n g phan m e m SPSS 20.0 nfaam fao ttg qii& trinfa p h a n tt'ch so lifu Cae ky fliugt phfin ticfa tfin suat v& t u o n g quan dugc sir dyng nfaim xac djnh thyc trgng fagc sinfa cd nMlu faanfa vi niiro,cy the ( » t f t hanh vi nii ro h d Ign, xac djnfa n h d m h g e sinh tiem an nMeu nguy c a efl dong tfadi nMeufa&nfavi rfti ro, dong tfadi xac dinh mfii Hen Ue giiia c&efa&nfavi rfti ro frong khufln khfi ngMen cniu Bien so nghien cdn B&i viet gjfli fagn ngMen cftu nfadm hdnh vi rfli ro, d o bao g d m 11 hanfa vi niirocy t h i yfain Nhdm a: hanh vi faftt tfaudc la, uong bia/nigu, but sMsfaa, sft dyng m atoy,sft dyng tfaufic/chit gay &o gi&c, kich tMcfa Nhdm b: h&nh v i gfiy bgo lyc, d u g c cMa flianh Iogi cy t h i : hanfa vi bgo lye tfal cfait (gay g l , danh nhau), bat ngt, dog ngt trye tilp, de dog, xuc phgm trgn raang x a hgi qua tm nh&n Nhdm c: h&nfa v i bgo lye v d i chinfa b&n tfami mmh, bao gfim h&nfa vi cy tfal: tu gay thucmg tich cfao ban tlian, da timg cd y dinfa t y tft, da tiing cfl gang b^ tii NgMen eftu kfafing dung Igi d vifc tim Mgu tin s d t tungfaanfavi rfti ro m& plian tich tfaye trgng cfl n M l u faanh vi nii ro (tft 2fa&nfavi nii rotirdlgn) Day la b i l n s6 tflng fagp, d u g c thye h i e n b i n g THI/C TIEN - KINH NGHIEM phuong pfa^ cfing biln vdi 11fa&nfavi rui ro nhu dl cap, bien sfi se ehgy to din 11 vdi gj& tri tocmg ung efainfa I& s lfaanfavi nii ro mafagcsinfa cd Kit qii& nghign cftu 3.1 TTtuc trqng hdnh vi rui ro cua hpc smh THPT Hd Ndi Kit qu& dugc rftt tft ngMgn cftu cfao tiiiyfaanhvi uong bia/ragu la pfafi bien nhit d fagc sinfa THPT Tfaye t lfaanfavi ufing bia/ragu kh& bien v& ffien cd tinfa cfafit thudng xuyen d eac gia dinh, frong e&c dip Ie, tet, Meu M, gap mat Cd the duge ehiing kienfa&nfavi ufing bia/mgu tft nhd, thdm cM duge ngudi tfaan gia dinfa radi, khuygn khich udng nen fagc sinfa Iam quen voi fadnh vi n&y kha sdm Thye tg ed faon 80% fagc sinh mfiu ngMgn cftu efao bilt da tung uong bia/ragu, nMgn, ngMgn cftu dua caufafiicfapn lpc mftc dp uong fait cfic bia/ faoae efaen mgu duge xem 1& bat diu cd nguy eo, nen d mfte uong fagt cfic bia faogc cfaen ragu, cfl 63,5% hpc sinh cfao biet da tung ufing bia/rapu d mue d ^ tiiin kinfa va ddnfa mit sy tap trung frong htjic hanfa, &nh hucmg dfin siic khod Ifiu d&i v& (^ tucmg lai ciia fape sinfa Tuy nMgn, cung cd tdi gin 7% fapc sinh cho bilt ^ timg cd h&nh vi sft dyng ma ,vfi ddngflidi,gin 7% hpc sinh cfao bilt da tiing sft dyng tfaufie/cfa&t gfiy fio gi&c Vefa&nfavi gay bgo lyc vdi bgn be, n g ^ ^ cftu tim Meu hinh thfte gay bgo lyc, dd cd Mnh fliftc gay bgo lyc thi chit (gay gl, ddnfa vdi bgn - cMgm 24% mfiu ngMgn cftu) vd hinh tfaftc cdn lgi la bao lyc tinh thfin tryc tilp vd gj&n tilp Thyc tg, cung vdi sy phdt triln v& phd biln cfta difn thogi ffi dpng, mgng xa hgi, troi^ nfadm dfii tugng fapc sinh THPT, bdn cgnh vifc cd gan 20% fapc sinfa cfao bilt da tiing bat ngt, dog ngt tryc tiep bgn be, mgt ti If dang ke hgc sinh da sft dyng tin nfain qua ffifn tfaogifaaymgng xafagide b&t ngt, de dog, uy Mep bgn be (cMem 12,5%) Bgn cgnh hdnh vi gfiy bgo lyc cfao fapc sinfa kfa&c, hgc sinh cfln gay bgo lyc cho chinh minfa, bao gfim c& bgo lyc tfae cfait va tinh tfain, ey thg nhu ty gfiy thuong tieh efao ban tfafin, ed y djnfa ty Ti If fape sinfa faftt tfaufic la va faftt sMsfaa la to vd efi gang ty to Cd gin 5% fagc sinfa mau toong dfii ngang nfaau, toy nMenffigmkfaac biet la ngMgn cftu da timg c l ging to tft, va ti Iffagcsinfa neu nfau ti If hge sinh nam hut thuoc i& 1& biln ty gay tiiuong ticfa cho bdn than hay da tftng cd ^ hon nMeu so vfli hge sinh nu (28,4% so vfli dinh ty tu cMlm ti If khfi cao 13,4%) thi d h&nh vi hftt shisha, ti Iffapcsinfa nam 3.Z Tk^tr^gcdd^thdi nhiiu hdnh iir^ro v& nu da tiing faut sMsfaa eo su cfaenfa leefa khfing Bgn egnh tfaye trgng hge sinh ed Ugn quan din nMeu (18,5% dfii vdi nu v& 24,9% dfii voi nam) eae h&nh vi rui ro kfad pfad biln nfau ^ cap d pfaan Theo ngMen cftu cua td chuc Y tl tfal gioi, shisfaa trgn, ptidt Men Idiac tu pfaanticfaso Ufu efao tbay, eiing anfa faudng dgn sue khoe kfafing kem so vfli hgc sinfa cd xu faudng cd dfing thoi nMgu hdnh vi tfaufic la, cd tac ddng kha lon din faf tfain kinfa, fafi rui ro, v& vifc ed raft sfi hdnh vi riii ro dudng nfau hap, tim mgcfa, gay c&c benh Ugn quan din rang cd lien quan va la ygu td nguy eo cfta e&e faanfa vi mieng, ung tfau pUfii Cimg theo uoc tinfa, vfli rapt nii ro khac gid hftt sMsha, Iugng khoi Mt ph&i se rtiulu gip NgMen cuu de cap den 11 hanfa vi rui ro va ket hon too tin mgt dieu fliuoc Id v& Iugng mcotme qua pfaan tieh ehofliiyfa(?csinh kfadng cM cd mdt gip 1,7 tin mdt dilu thule la Ngoai ra, nfaung hfinh vi rfti ro md kha nMlu hpc sinh co tft hanfa nguy Mem tiem an ed tfag tang lgn gap nMlu Ifin vi rfti ro frd lgn Trung binfa fapc sinfa co 2,17 neu nhu shisfaa dugc pfaa efae vdi rugu, raa toy hanfa vi riu ro Ti lefapcsinfa nam (» sfi hanh vi rfti (WHO 2005: 5) Hdnfa vi su dyng raa toy v& sft ro tmng binh eaofaondang ke so voifapcsinfa nft, dyng tiiufic/chit gayfiogi&c Id hanfa vi dge Met ed va hpc sinh d tnrdng ngo&i efing lap cimg cfi sfi rui ro eao, kfafing nhung ed khd nang gay ngMgn faanfa vi rfti ro binfa eao hon d&ng ke so vdi eao sau cM mgt Ian sft dyng raa nfl anfa fauflng fape sinfa traflng edng lgp Ngoai ra, fape sinfa khdi LY UIAH CHIHH TRI VA TRUYfll THOHG - S t f / 7 THl/C TIEN - KINH NGHIgM 10 cd sfi hanfa viriiirotirungbinfa thfip nfafit va thap Bdng I: Moi quan hi giOa hdnh vi uong hit I coc if thuoc Id, hut shisha, su dung ma tu^ faon ddng ke so vdi sfifaanhvi rui ro tiung binh efta bia/chen ruau, hi iy gidc wi hdnh vi g^ bgo hfc fagc sinfa khfii 11 v& khoi 12 the chdt, hdnh vi co gdng tif td 0i) Mft ph&t Mfn kh&c, cd kfao&ng 60% fagc smfa SSidtiveliil CiUab kUlng 2.B6l«u^ 3.Si4m Tcmi ngMen cflu cfao bigt hg da tiing cd ngudi MOa vibf* Cfi hiKtht C6 mag C6 uang C6 kbfing CA ygu hogc Mfn dang cd ngudi ygu Ti Ie hgc sinh vm ckll Mfn dang cd/da tung cd ngirdi ygu cd sd hanh vi 74 2S9 whriTng 2S6 33 til 249 Gl 249 141 m nii ro tirung binh l& 2,71faanfavi eao gfip Ifin so S 3W 1^^ Ttfi "»? 77,3 IW 52,3 lea "W 2M> fa&nfa vi nii ro trung binfa ciia nfadm cho bilt chua long m | 230 U mt 'tl 1221 » 1035 11 IW 4.Ha Si dfng I ving tftng ed ngudi ygu (1,38 hanfa vi) jMifct u ])MBS c« khSng Cfi khong Cfi IdlBng Cfi khfing Cfi Uilmi CM tilt vl ti lg hpc sinh cd sd Iugngfaanhvi rfli 22 39 t 32 31 15 4S 55 SolUfDg 4K ro tft Odin 11 hfinh vi dugc tiie Mfn: IW 16,5 3,9 7,7 3,8 9.ti w 230 Cd 20,8 % hgc sinfa cfao bilt d fag khfing ed 279 1038 91 I2Z2 217 1026 1231 Tmg Ki hfinfa vi rui ro nao ttong sfi 11fadnhvi 26,7% hgc sinh cd tii 1faanfavi s l 11 hanfa vi ngMdn Nfau vfiy, sd lifu flidng kg cfao thfiy kha ro moi eftu, cfin lgi 52,5%fa(?csinfa cfi tft 2faanfavi riii ro quan faf giua e&cfaanfavi rfti ro: hge sinfa da tflng ttd len, dd, ti lefagcsinfa ed tft 5faanfavi rfti uing fait coc bia/cfaen ragu ed nguy co cd faanh ro tid lgn cMlm gin 14% Vfiy nfadm hgc sinfa n&o vi gfiy bgo lye thi chfit cao gfip hon lan so voi 1& nfadm ed nMlu vfi ding tfadi cacfaanfavi rui ro? hpc sinh chua tftng uong het cfic bia/chen ragu Kgt qua pfaanticfacfao tfaly,fagcsinfa cfi lign quan Cdn Igi, hpc sinfa cfi mfit cficfa&nhvi nhu ^ den c&cfa&nfavi rui ro eao nfafit nfau faut fliudc la, tiing hftt thufic, hpc sinh sft dyng ma tuy, hut sft dyng ma tuy, sft dyng thufie/chlt gfiy ao gjdc lai sMsha, sft dyng tfauoc/chat gay gi&c ed ti If da efainfa l& nfadm eo sfifaanfavi rfli ro trung bmfa cao timg gfiy bgo lyc (gfiy gfi, d&nh nfaau) cad gip facm nhat Digu ed ngMa la, hg khfing nfaftng phai lin so vdi nfadmfapcsinfa efaua timg cd eac hanh doi mat voi nhitag nguy ca tft nhiing hanh vi rui vi nfii tren Tuong ty, hpc sinh ^ tftng sft dyng ma ro eao ma fap eung 1& nfadm cd thgm nhigu toy hay tftngfafttthule 1& ed ti If da tftng; e l gdng fa&nfa vi rui ro kfa^ Hge sinh da tftng hftt thuic 1& ty tu eao gip faon lin so vdi nfadm chua tftng su ed trung binfa 4,85/11faanfavi rui ro, kM do, dyng,fagcsinfa da tftng sft dung tfaufie/chfit gfiy sfi hanfa vi nii ro cua nhom hpc sinh ehuatiingfaftt giac, faftt sfaislia faay ufing hit mft cfic bia/efa6n tiiufic la chi la 1,46/11faanhvi Hpc sinh da timg ragu ed ti If da tftng co gang ty tft cao gap kfaodi^ sft dyng ma toy, fapc sinh da tiing sft dyng lin so vdi nfadmfapesinh efaua tftng efi eae fadnh tfaufic/chat gay giac ed sdfaanfavi rui ro tnmg vi nfii tten binfa Idn Iugt la 6,6 va 6,4faanfavi, ttong kfai Ban lu&n hpe sinfa chua tung cofaanhvi sft dyng raa tuy, sft Ket qufi ngfaign ciiu da dua nhung bang dyng tfaufic/chat gfiy ao gidc efi so hanfa vi rfti ro cfaiing kha ro r&ng ve thye trgng mfit ti If dang kl trung bmfa eU la 1,8 hdnfa vi fapc sinfa ed kfafing cM mgt ma co nhilu hanfa vi rfli Ngoai ra, pfaan ticfa toong quan cung cfao thiy ro, dieu n&y eang dat fap vdo nguy co cao vl sftc rat ro, fape smfa ed e&c h&nfa vi thufc nfadm a kfaog till cfait, tinh tfafin tiudc mit citag nfau Ifiu (udng bia/mgu; but tfauoc Ifi; hftt shisfaa; sft dyng d&i, &nh hudng trye tigp dgn hpe tap va chit Iugng ma tuy; su dyng tfauoe/ehit gfiy ao gi&c) cd mdi eupc sfing cung nhu tocmg Iai efta b&n tfaan va xa quan hf mat tMgt ven nfaflmfaanfavi eon Igi, dae fafi, tgo nfaung ap Iyc vfi g&nh nang eho bdn bift lafadnfavi gay bgo Iyc tfal cfait vdfa&nfavi than, gia dmh, xa hpi Thyc te, day khfing cM la cd gang ty tft % 76 IY UIAH CHIHH TRI VA TRUTfll THOHG S o 3/2017 » « THl/C TIEN - KINH NGHIEM van de cfta rigng Vft Nam ma 1& vin ^ ehung cua VTN d nMeu qufic gia trdn thi gidi, t f a ^ cM cd tfae xem VTN dang gap khftng hoang v l c&c faanh vi rfti ro (R Dicleraente 1996:2) NgMgn cuu hge sinfa THPT d My cung cfao thfiy bgc sinh CO it nhat 1fa&nfavi rfti rolfi rfit pfao biln NgMgn cflru ciia t&e gia Fox (2010) ddi voi hge sinfa THPT d M^ eho tfaay, ed kfaoang mgt nfta fage sinfa ed tft hanfa vi rfli ro (trong sfi I2fa&nhviruiro)bdlgnvficdtdi 15% fagc sinh cd tii 5faanhvi rui ro trd ldn (H Fox 20lt):'4) Ngu so sanh voi ngfaign cftu cfta Fox (2010) ttii fapc sinfa THPT H& Npi cung dmig ddi mat vdi tiiyc trgng efi nMeufaanfavi rfti ro kfafing kem gi hpe sinfa THPT tgi My, cfao dft cM tiet danfa saeh e&c hfinh vi nii ro d hai ngMen cftu kfafing hodn toan trflng kfadp Day cimg 1& vfin dl duge de cap dm ttong ngjugn cftu VTN tgi Lao eua Vanpfanora (2011), vfi nghign cftu ciia minfa, dng cimgffiimd td lit cM tilt tfaye ti^g VTN d Lao cfl Ugn quan ddng tfaoi din 2, 3,4 v& tren fa&nh vi rfti ro (V Sycliareun 2011: 22) Trong ngMen eutu eua ehiing tfii dfii vdi fage sinfa THPT tgi Ha Ngi, ben cgnfa vife cM thye trgng hge sinh co nMeu hanfa vi rfli ro, ngMgn cim cdn lam ro faon nfaflm fagc sinh cfi nguy eo eao doi vdi tfaye ttgng efi nMlufaanfavi riii ro: cy tfal bao gfim fagc sinh nara, fagc smfa khli Iom (kbfii 11,12), hpc sinh tiudng ngoai efing lap,fapcsinfa da lungfaogcMen dang efl mdi quan hf ygu duong, dge biet nhdm ed dfing tfaoi nhieufaanfavi rfli ro eao nfait efainfa la nhflm cd Uen cjuan dgn mpt ttong nfaungfaanfavi rui ro ed nguy co eao nfait: ey tfag la hpe sinh da tftng faftt tfaufic la, da tung sft dyng ma toy, fliufie/cfait gay giac Id nfaiing hge sinfa kfafing cM dimg Igi d hanfa vi rai ro do, ma tnmg Innfa Ifi faon 4faanfavi rui ro, tham cM la hanfa vi Nfau vfiy, ed tfag tfaay, kMfapcstafa da vugt qua eac rao can dl CO 1faanfavi rfli ro thi khfi nang ed them mdt sfi ede hdnfa vi rfti ro kfaac Id khd cao Va dl lam rofaanvan dg ndy, ngMen cftu dfii vflifapcsinh THPT tgi Ha Nfii eua cfaftng tfii citag da lam ro dupe radi quan hf giua eacfadnfavi, ttong cM eu tfag mfii quan he giirafaanfavi faut tfaufic ta ufing bia/ragu, hut shisha, sft dyng ma tu^, chit/thulc gay ao giac co moi quan faf kfaa rd va lam ^ g nguy co edfa&nhvi bgo lyc the chat, hanfa vi ed ging ty tft d hgc suih Ket qu& ngMen cftu citag dua nfaitag ggi y vg gifii p h ^ pfaft hgp va hieu cjufi ddi vdi viec gjam s&t thudng xuyen faanfa vi rfti ro cfta fagc sinfa Ngoai vife d n cd sy quan tfim dgc bift dli vfli nfadm fape sinfa eo nguy co cao nfau da de cap d ttgn, vifc trayin tfafing gjam sat, cung d p tfafing tin, kign, thfte, can tMfp sdm de giup eho hge sinh vugt qua nfaitag cam ve bit k^ mgtfaanhvi rfli ro nao se la ca fagi giup fapc sinh khfing eo nguy ca eao lign quan dgn nfaieu faanh vi rfli ro Mae khae, dfii vdi nfaiing nfafim fapc sinfa ed nMeu kfa& nang Uen quan den itiueufaanfavi rui ro, viec ket fagp cac cfauong trinfa traygn tfafing, to vin tam 1>', sftc kfaoe vl nguy ca cd ddng flidi nMlufaanfavi rfti ro dfii voi fag la d n ttalt, Mfu qud, tilt kifm faon viec triln kfaai le te tiing chuang trinfa rigng biet dfii vfli timgfadnhvi nii ro nfau Mfn nayO TAI LIEU THAM KHAO: Diclemente, R and et all (1996), Handbook ofadolescent health risk behavior New York, Fox, H and et al (2010), Significant Multiple risk behaviors among U.S, High school students The national Alliance to advance adolescent health Le Of Linh (2010), Bdo cdo chuyen de: Chan thuang vd b(fo lifc a thieu nien Vi$t Nam Di^u tra Qu6c gia vi vj thdnh ni€n va ni£n Vi^ Nam lantinir2 Tong c^c Dan so KHHC3D Nguyen Thanh Huong (2010), Bdo cdo chuyen de: Sue khoe tdm than cua Vi thdnh men vd men Viet Nam Di@u tra (Julc gia vl vj thinh nien vd niSn Vifit Nam ISn thir T6ng cyc Dan so - KHHGD Nguyen Thanh Liem vacpng su (2010), Bdo cdo chuyen de: Sir dung bia nr(ru vd thuoc Id thank thieu nien Viet Nam Dieu tra Quoc gia ve vj nien vk ni^n Vi^ Nam i k thii Tong cyc Dan s6 - KHHCff), Sychareun, V etal (2011), "Concurrent multiple health risk behaviours among adolescents in Luangnamtha province, LaoPDR" BMC PubUc health 2011, (11:36) Tran Bich Phuong, Nguyen Thanh Huong and et al (2013), "Factors associated with health risk behavior among school children in urban Vietnam " Glob Health Action, 6' 18876 WHO(2014), Vithdnhmen VietNam LY UjAfl CHIHH TRI VA TRUTfll THOHG " Stf / 7 T H I / C TIEN - KINH N G H I E M nuoc tilp bfc ed nhung ffiln bign phuc t^; fafla Mnfa, fagp t&e, pfadt triln w n Id xu till cfainfa, sy pfadt triln mgnfa rae cfla edeh mgng kfaoafapccflng ngfaf, dfl cd e&eh mgng cfing nghf tiidng tin