TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG Le ViJn Hip NANG CAO NANG LlTC QUAN LY DIEU HANH TRU*6fNG D^I HOC IMPROVING UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT CAPACITY LE VANHAO^'''''''' TOM TAT Trin binh dien thi gi&i md hinh qudn[.]
TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC V A N LANG Le ViJn Hip NANG CAO NANG LlTC QUAN LY DIEU HANH TRU*6fNG D^I HOC IMPROVING UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT CAPACITY LE VANHAO^'' TOM TAT: Trin binh dien thi gi&i md hinh qudn ly trudng dgi hge khdng ngieng dugc cai tiin diiu ehinh dua vdo nhirng thdnh tuu ndi chung linh vuc qudn ly ciing nhu xuat phdt tir chinh nhimg yiu cdu ddi m&i ciia gido due dgi hge Bdi viit ndy nhdm muc dich eung cap cas& ly ludn ve qudn ly tru&ng dgi hgc dd cd su van dung ly thuyit ve Chu trinh phdtjriin gid tri, giai thieu mgt so md hinh vi qudn ly tru&ng dgi hge trin the giai, tie dd di xudt mdt so gidi phdp nhdm ndng eao chdt lugng cdng tdc qudn ly dieu hanh tru&ng dgi hgc bdi cdnh hiin ciia gido due dgi hge Viet Nam Tie khoa: qudn ly chdt lugng, gido due dgi hge, qudn ly gido due dgi hgc, qudn ly truong dgi hgc ABSTRACT: Models of university management worldwide have eontinously improved and innovated based on achievements of management studies in general and also on requirements of higher education itself This paper aims to review the theoretical background of university management including a brief introduction about Value-creation Cycle theory, to present some models of University management on the world and then to provide solutions for improving university management capacity in the context of Vietnam higher education Key words: quality management, higher education, higher education management, university management CO S LY LUAN VE QUAN LY TRU*OfNG DJ^I H p c 1.1 Cdc Iinh vuc qudn ly co" sd gido dye dgi hpc Cae trudng dgi hgc co ba ehuc ndng chinh: ddo tao, nghien edu khoa hgc va phyc vy xd hgi (5, tr.l37), vi vdy eho du mOt trudng dgi hpe boat dgng theo mgt md hinh nao, cdng tdc qudn ly d trudng edn bao trum ea ba ITnh vuc ndy De cy thi hod ba chdc nang tren Piper da phan tam ITnh vuc quan ly eu thi d mdt trudng dgi hge nhu sau: 1) Qudn ly ddo tao; 2) Quan ly nghien cuu khoa bgc; 2) Qudn ly djch vu cpng ddng; 4) Quan ly dpi ngd can bo; 5) Qudn ly sinh vien; 6) Qudn ly cac djch vv ho trg ddo tgo; 7) Quan ly ngudn luc va tai sdn; 8) Quan ly dilu hdnh nha trudng [6] Tuy theo dac diim cua mdi trudngd?i hgc md chdc ndng nhiem vu d tdng linh vuc cd thi khac Tuy nhien, nhihig ngi dung cdng viee ehu yiu d tdng ITnh vyc ed thi dugc liet ke nhu sau: •' i'GS TS Tnrcmg D^i hgc Nha Trang, Emaii haolv@ntu.edu.v 36 TAP CHI KHOA HQC BAI HQC VAN LANG / / / Qudn ly ddo t^o Trong ITnh vye ndi tren, qudn ly ddo tao thudng dugc xem la mdi quan tam hdng ddu, vi nd cd tinh quyet dinh nhdt ddi vdi sdn phdm dao tao Cdc ngi dung ehinh cua qudn ly ddo tao bao gdm: Xac dinh mue tieu vd eae chudn myc chdt lugng ddo tao; Xdy dyng chien luge phat tri6n quy m6, hieu qua cdng tde ddo tao; Xay dung cac quy dinh, quy trinh td chuc edng tde ddo tgo; Xdy dyng cae k l hoach, chuong trinh ddo tgo; Td chuc cdng tdc dam bdo chdt lugng day va hgc 1.1.2 Quan ly nghien cu-u khoa hge Xde dinh muc tieu vd cae chuan myc chat lugng nghien cuu khoa hpc; Xdy dung ehi6n luge phat trien quy mo, hieu qua edng tac nghien cuu khoa hgc; Xay dung cdc quy dinh, quy trinh td chuc boat dgng nghien cuu khoa hgc; Td chdc cdng tac theo ddi, ddnh gid boat dpng nghien cdu khoa hgc; Td chdc, theo doi, danh gia cac hogt dgng lien ket nghien cdu khoa hpc, chuyen giao cdng nghe giiia trudng dai hpc vdi ben ngodi 1.1.3 Qudn ly dieh vu cong ddng Dich vu cpng dong bao gdm cae hogt dpng nham mue tieu phyc vu cdng dong, xa hgi (ben egnh cdc boat dgng ddo tao vd nghien cuu khoa hgc) nhu vdn hoa, van nghS, the due the thao Quan ly dich vu cpng ddng can tap trung vdo cdng tdc td chdc, khai thdc edc ngudn lyc cua nhd trudng d l phuc vu cd hieu qua 1.1.4 Qudn ly dpi ngU cdn bp Xdy dung edc chien luge, ehuong trinh cong tac nhdm phat trien vd bdi dudng dgi ngu can bg; Xdy dung quy hoach can bg; Xdy dyng cac quy trinh tuyen dung, danh gid So 04/2017 khen thudng-k^' luat edn bo; Xdy dyng cdc ehe do, chinh sach bao dam mdi trudng lam viee thudn Igi cho cdn bfl 7.7.5 Qudn lysinh vien Xdy dyng eae quy dinh, quy trinh cdng tac quan ly sinh vien; Td chdc qudn ly hd so sinh viSn vd lap cdu ndi thdng tin vdi gia dinh sinh vien; Td chuc cac hogt dgng th6 chat, tinh than, vdt chdt cho sinh vien; Td chuc cdc boat dgng tu vdn, gidi thieu viee ldm cho sinh vien; Td chuc, theo doi, ddnh gid cdng tac gido vien ehu nhiem, ban can sy ldp, vd hogt dgng Dodn, Hdi; Td ehuc thu thdp y kien sinh vien, cuu sinh vien vS eae mgt boat ddng cua nha trudng 7.7.6 Qudn ly cdc dich vii ho tra ddo tao Dich vy h6 trg ddo tao bao gom eae hoat dgng thu vien, cdc phuong tien phuc vy gidng dgy vd hgc tgp, eae dieh vu hanh chinh ddo tgo Qudn ly dich vu hd trg ddo tgo can tap trung vao cdng tdc to chdc, khai thac cac ngudn lyc cua nhd trudng de phuc vy edng tac dao tgo cd hieu qud 7.7.7 Quan ly nguon luc vd tdi sdn Ngudn luc vd tdi sdn d ddy bao gdm eo sd vat chdt, thi6t bi, vd ngudn tdi chinh eua nha trudng Cdng tac quan ly nguon lyc vd tai san can tap trung vdo viec xdy dung, phdt triSn mdi trudng gidng day vd hpc tap; phat trien va gidm sdt eae hogt dgng tai chinh cua nha trudng 1.1.8 Qudn ly dieu hdnh nhd tru&ng Xdc dinh dinh hudng, cac ehiln luge phat trien cua nhd trudng timg giai dogn; Xdy dung cac quy djnh, quy trinh boat dgng chung cua nha trudng; To chuc, theo ddi, danh gid viee triin khai cac ehiln luge phat trien d cac don vi; Td chuc, theo Le van HJO I TAP CHi KHOA HQC BAI HQC V A N LANG doi, ddnh gid hoat dpng cua toan bp may ciia nha trudng 1.2 Chat Iirgng va quan ly chdt luong d dai hpc 1.2.1 Cae quan niem vi chdt luang Chdt lugng Id mot khai niem truu tugng vd khong thi ehi eo mpt dinh nghTa nhdt bdi viec edm nhan no phu thudc vdo m6i chu thi vd d mdi tinh huong cu thi Harvey vd Green [2] da tong ket nhung quan niem khdc ve ehdt lugng thdng qua eae djnh nghTa ed dpng vua mang nghTa rpng, vua ed thi dp dung ITnh vyc gido dye nhu sau: Chdt lugng la sy xudt sdc (Quality as Excellence): chat lugng duge xem Id viee dgt dSn cae chudn myc cao nhdt co thi cd; Chdt lugng la sy hoan hdo (Quality as Perfection): chdt lugng dugc xem Id trang thai khong co bat ky khilm khuyit ndo; Chdt lugng la su phii hgp vdi myc tieu (Quality as Fitness for Purpose): chdt lugng dugc khdng djnh mot tdt cd cae yeu cau (hodc nhu cau) dat dugc ddp ung; Chdt lugng Id su ddng gia vdi ding tiln (Quality as Value for Money): ehdt lugng duge khdng djnh mpt ngudi thu hudng cho rang san pham tuong xung vdi gid tri dong tien bd ra; Chat lugng la sy chuyin doi vl chdt (Quality as Transformation): chdt lugng dugc thita nhgn mdt hi?n trang dugc ndng len v^ ehdt M6i quan niem vl chat lugng nhu tren da din din each tiep can tuong dng danh gid chdt lugng Trong gido due dsii hge, edc cdch tiip can ddnh gia co thi duge dii chieu vdi cdc quan niem ve chdt lugng nhu d Bdng Bang Cac each tiSp can danhgia chat lugng gido due dai hgc Quan ni|m ve chdt lupng Chdt lugng Id sy xudt sdc Cach tiip can danh gia ch4t lirong Chdt lugng duge ddnh gid bdng "Ddu vdo ": Mgt trudng dai hgc tuyen dugc sinh vien gioi, co ddi ngG can bd gidng dgy trinh dd cao, c6 cdc phong thi nghiem, gidng dudng, cac thilt bi hien dai, dugc xem Id trudng CO ehdt lugng eao Chdt lugng dugc ddnh gid bdng "Gid tri hgc thudt": Trudng dgi hpc nao cd uy tin khoa hpc cao (thong qua cae eong trinh/sdn phdm nghien cuu, cdc cong bl/gidi thudng nude, qude tl, ) thi duge xem la trudng CO chdt lugng eao Chdt lugng la sy hodn hao Chdt lugng dugc ddnh gid thdng qua tinh hodn hdo (Zero defects) ciia sdn phdm ldn tinh tin cay (Reliability) cda qud trinh tgo sdn phdm: Chdt lugng duge khang djnh bdng viee nha trudng eung cdp cho xa hpi nhdng sdn phdm cd chdt lugng nhu da cam kit va tinh dn djnh cua qua trinh tao cac sdn pham Chdt lugng Id su phu hgp vdi Chdt lugng duge ddnh gid bdng "Kit qud dgt dugc cdc muc tieu dd de ": Chdt lugng cua trudng dgi hpc dugc khdng djnh dya tr^n kit qua TAP CHI KHOA HOC BAI HQC VAN LANG Quan niem ve ch^t lupng muc tieu Chat lugng Id sy dang gia vdi ddng tiln Chat lugng Id su chuyen ddi ve chat Cdch tiip c3in ddnh gia chat lugng dgt dugc cdc muc tieu ve ddo tao, nghien cuu khoa hpe, chinh nhd trudng dat Chdt lugng dugc ddnh gid bdng ''''Kit qud ddp ung cdc chudn quy dinh": Chdt lugng cua trudng dai hpe dugc khdng djnh dua trSn ket qua dap ung edc tieu chudn ve chdt lugng nhd trudng, chat lugng chuong trinh, Chdt lugng dugc ddnh gid bdng su hdi long: Chdt lugng dugc ludng thdng qua muc dp hai Idng eua cae "khach hang" ddi vdi cdc san pham cua nha trudng Chdt lugng dugc ddnh gid bdng "Gid tri gia tdng": "Gid tri gia tang" duge xde dinh bang gid tri cua "ddu ra" tru di gid tri cda "ddu vao" Id gia trj ma trudng dai hgc mang lai eho ngudi hpe Trong ITnh vyc dai hgc, ndi den chat lugng, chung ta thudng quan tdm dSn phdn "gido due", tdc hay ban den chdt lugng ddo tgo (Education/Training Quality) Chdt lugng ddo tao thudng dugc xde dinh qua nhieu tieu ehi, dya vdo kien thdc va ky ndng sinh vien eo duge sau nhdng khda hpe bode sau trudng Tuy nhien, d mgt binh dien rgng han, chat lugng gido due dai hgc (Higher Education Quality) thudng dugc xdc djnh nhu mde dp hai Idng cua "khach hdng" (d day ed the dinh nghTa nhu toan xa hdi) ddi vdi tdt ea eae loai "sdn phdm" ma nen dgi hpe tgo (sinh vien tdt nghiep, edc khda hpc, ket qud nghiSn edu vd dich vy khoa hgc) 7.2.2 Cdc cap dp qudn ly chat lirang dgi hgc Kiim sodt ehdt lugng: La hinh thdc qudn ly chat lugng lau ddi nhdt va cung kem hieu qud nhdt so vdi cdc hinh thuc khdc Kilm sodt chdt lugng ehu yeu chi tdp trung d ddu cua san phdm de xdc dinh mdc dap ung cua san pham so vdi eae tieu ehi, chuan mue da dugc xdc dinh Trong ITnh vyc gido due dai hge, eae boat dOng kilm tra (td ben ngodi hodc ngi bp trudng dai hgc) ddi vdi eae san phdm hoan chinh eua nhd trudng (sinh vien tdt nghiep, eae chuong trinh ddo tao, cdc e6ng trinh nghiSn cdu khoa hpc) ed tde dung hgn ehe vi6e cho nhirng san pham thieu hoan thien, chung van chua the gop phdn tich cue vao qua trinh phat trien chdt lugng cua cac sdn phdm Ddm bdo chdt lugng: Neu hinh thdc kiem sodt chdt lugng ehu yeu ehi quan tdm den viee bao dam sy dap ung cac tieu chudn cua sdn pham, thi ddm bdo chdt lugng hudng dSn viee khdng ngCmg ndng eao chat lugng cua sdn pham De lam dugc dilu do, hogt dgng ddm bdo chdt lugng cdn diln trudc va qua trinh tao sdn phdm; vd xem mpi vien to chuc deu cd trach nhiem vdi edc sdn phdm md td chuc dd tao Dam bdo chat lugng duge coi la mgt hinh thdc qudn ly chat lugng cd nhieu uu Le Van Hao TAP CHi KHOA HQC DAI HQC VAN LANG diem hon han so vdi hinh thdc kiem soat chdt lugng nhu da tdng ton tgi lau he thing dai hge cda nude ta Trong kilm soat chdt lugng tap trung chu y^u vao boat ddng danh gid, thi d hinh thdc dam bao chat lugng, edc co sd giao dye dgi hpc ngodi nhiem vy quan ly chdt lugng can phdi "tap trung xdy dung vd thye thi edc quy trinh, co ehe cda qua trinh ddo tao tren eo sd ke hogeh chien luge, nhiem vu, myc tieu, chudn myc da duge xdc dinh" [5] Dilu ndy cd nghTa, hoat dpng ddm bdo chdt lugng d mpt ca sd dgi hge cdn phai tao nhung cdng eu quan ly, ddnh gid phu hgp tren ea sd eae ehudn myc, nhdng tieu chi duge cy the hda td muc tiSu ddo tao vd xudt phdt tu sd mgng eua co sd gido dye dai hpc; vd dong thdi td chdc thuc hien nhdm dgt dugc cdc myc tieu dl Qudn ly ehdt lugng tdng thi/ Qudn ly chdt lugng todn dien: La hinh thue quan ly tuong ty nhu ddm bdo ehdt lugng ve md hinh hogt d0ng Tuy nhien, quan ly chdt lupng tdng thi quan tdm nhieu hon den cdc yeu td sau: Dap dng yeu cdu, thi hieu cua khdch hang duge coi la myc ti§u hang ddu; Xdy dyng vd phat trien nen vdn boa ehdt lupng t l chdc la yiu t l quylt dinh ddi vdi myc tieu ndng cao chdt lugng san phdm; Hinh thde qudn ly ehdt lugng tdng thi/ qudn ly ehdt lugng todn dien dugc dp dung chu yiu hoat d^ng san xudt kinh doanh Doi vdi ITnh vuc giao due dai hge, viSc ddp dng yeu cdu, thi hiiu cua "khdch hang" kho ed thi diln mdt each triet dl, san phdm cda giao due dai hpc cdn thdi gian "san xudt" kha Idu (vi du qud trinh dao tgo dgi hpe mdt - ndm), yeu cdu vd thi hiiu thudng thay dii nhanh chong hon Hoat dpng "sdn xuat" cua giao dye dai hgc edn cd sy djnh hudng mang tinh ehiln luge hon Id su thda man nhimg yeu cdu trudc mdt; Mgt nhung kh3u ed tdm quan trgng bde nhdt cua cdng tic qudn ly mpt co quan, don vi la qudn ly cac nguon lyc Khi ndi den ngudn lye, chiing ta thudng hay de cap den cac ngudn lyc tai chinh, ea sd vdt chdt, vd ngudi Doi voi tu quan ly hien dgi, khdi niem ngucin lyc dugc hieu rgng hon nhieu Chu trinh phdt triin gia tri dugc trinh bay dudi day co the dugc xem la mgt cong ey tu manh, cd the giup ieh rdt tot cho cdng tac qudn ly chat lugng cdc ngudn lue va eae boat dpng can phai eo d mgt trudng dai hpc AP DVNG CHU TRINH PHAT TRIEN GIA TRI TRONG QUAN LY TRl/dNG DAI HQC MQT CACH JltP CAN QUAN LY C H A T LU"