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NATIONAL ACADEMY OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT Journal of Education Management, 2017, Vol 9 No 11, pp 33 47 This paper is available online at http //jem naem edu vn D A N H G I A K H A N A N G C H O N G C H[.]
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF EDUCATION MANAGEMENT Journal of Education Management, 2017, Vol No 11, pp 33-47 This paper is available online at http://jem.naem.edu.vn D A N H GIA K H A N A N G C H O N G CHIU RUI RO THIEN TAI T R O N G CAC T R U N G TRUNG H O C CO S 6 THANH P H CAM PHA, TINH QUANG NINH T o n g T h i M y Thi^*, N g u y l n T h i H d n g DUdng^, Tae Y o u n g Park^ Tom tat Ddnh gia kha nang ching chiu vdi biln ddi hau la m6t nhflng bUdc quan trpng hang ddu nham cai thien kha nang ch&ng chiu vdi biln dii khf h|u cua tnrdng hpc Nghien cflu sfl dyng bo cong cu "Danh gia kha nang chIng chju vdi thien tai tnrdng hoc" (SDRA) d l danh gia tat ca cac trudng trung hoc cd sd trfin dia ban Thanh Cdin Pha, tinh Quang Ninh Bp cong cu tap trung vao khia canh cua nang lUc thich flng bao gim: dilu kien vat chdt, nhan luc, t h i chl, moi quan he vdi bSn ngoai va dieu kien tu nhiSn Kit qua tii bd cong cu thihien mflc chdng chju cua tflng tnrdng va cfla ca he thong giao due trung hoc D l xudt tfl nghiSn cflu nham giup cac nha hoach dinh chfnh sach tiln hinh lap kl hoach va nang cao kha nang thich flng vdi thien tai c j a trUdng hoc Tttkhda: Ddnh gid, khd ndng ching chiu thien tai biin dii khf hdu M d d^u Viet Nam la mdt nhflng qudc gia chiu nhieu tac ddng nhdt cfla biln ddi hdu Theo Chi sd rui ro v l khf hau, ViSt Nam la nUdc dflng thfl nam v l thiet hai thien tai, vdi ttung binh mdi ndm cd hang ttam ngfldi bi thfldng vong va thiet hai v l tdng san p h S n ttong nfldc binh quan ddu ngfldi (GDP) hdng nam la 1,9 ty dd la My - tudng dudng vdi 1,3% G D P (Germanwatch, 2010) Nhflng nam gdn day, thien tai, dac biet la bao, lu va han han cang gia tang v l cfldng dp, tdn suit, gdy nhieu tdn that Idn v l ngUdi va thiet hai cho nIn kinh t l Thiet hai trung binh moi nam cd tren 300 ngfldi chit vd mat tt'ch thien tai, thiet hai vdt chdt len den hang ty dd la My (lYan Quang Hoai, 2017) Giao due va dao tao la qudc sacb hang dau, cd vai ttd Id nIn tdng, ddng Iflc thdc dCy su phat ttiln kinh t e - x a hpi Theo bao cao gdn day cua Bd Gido due vd Dao tao, ngdnh gido diic la mdt ttong nhflng nganh bi anh hudng nhilu nhdt thiin tai khf hdu d Viet Nam (Bd Gido due va Dao ' t a o Vilt Nam, 2011) Thanh phd C i m Pha phai hflng chiu tfl d i n cdn bao mdi ndm, chUa k l mUa Idn, nang ndng keo dai da gdy anh hudng khdng nhd tdi boat ddng phat triln gido due cua thdnh phd Nam 2015, tran mUa Idn keo dai da gdy thiet haii nghiem ttpng cho nganh giao due Thdnh phd cd v l ngudi va Ng^y nhan bhi: 17/10/2017 Ng&y nh?n dSng: 12/i 1/2017 ^B6 mfin BiSn d5i hau, Dili hpc Ihi nguyen va Moi IrU&ng Hk N6i; 'e-mail: tonglhimythiI49@gmail.com ^Sinh vien Khoa Mai trU&ng, Dai hoc "lai nguySn M6i tniifng Ha Nfli ^Khoa Khoa hoc Gido dye tong hdp, Dai hoc Yonsei, Bkn Qu6c Tdng Thi My Thi, Nguyln Thi Hong DUdng Tae Young Park JEM., Vol (2017), No 11 tai sdn (Uy ban nhdn dan tiianh phd Cim Pha 201d) Da cd 50 gia dinh giao vien bi ng|p nudc cd nguy cd xdy tai nan phai di ddi din ndi an toan Rieng vdi cdc trudng Trung hoe ed sd (THCS) cd 13 gia dinh gido vien, nhdn vien bj dnh hudng vdi tdng gia tti thiet hsii ten 480 ttieu ddng 4/17 trfldng bi thiet hai nghiem ttpng vl tai san len tdi hdn 2,1 ty ddng, Hdn nfla, cd tdi 197 gia dinh hpc sinh b; thiet hai mfla Idn Mfla Idn khdng chi gdy nguy hilm tditt'nhmang ma cdn lam gian doan hoat ddng giao due phd Thidt hai nang nl vl tdi sdn gay tdn khdng it thdi gian va tai sdn de phuc hdi sau thien tai Theo khudn khd hanh ddng Hyogo, giao due dupc coi la chla khda dl giam nhe tac ddng cua thiin tai (Khung Hyogo, 2005) Vi vay, can thilt phdi cd ede bien phdp ndng^cao khd nang chdng chju vdi ruiTOtiiientai cdc trudng hpc Dilu khdng chl quyet djnh bdi chfnh sach quan ly cfla dia phfldng hay the chl cua trudng hpc ma chju anh hudng cua cd sU qudn ly cua dia phUdng, cua trudng hpc, cung nhu su phdi hpp gifla hpc sinh, gia dinh vd cdng ddng t)i danh gid kha ndng chdng chju thien tai ttong ttirdng hoc, Tong Thi My Thi (2012) da phat ttien mdt bd cdng cu danh gid vdi ten gpi la SDRA Bd cdng cu tinh toan khd nang chdng chju tbidn taittongttirdnghpc dua vao chi sd: (1) Dilu kien vat chat (2) Ngudn nhdn lUc, (3) Cac vdn dl vl till chl (4) Cac mli quan he ben ngodi, va (5) Dilu kien tu nhien Cac cb! sd bd cdng cu SDRA dUde phdt ttiln chu ylu dua ttdn cM sd thien tai hau va 16 nhiem vij cua HFA danh cho nganh giao due (GweevacdngsU, 2011) "D-ong bai bao nay, phUdng phap SDRA dUdc ap dung dl tfnh kha ndng chdng chju thien tai cua cacttiTdngTHCS d phd C ^ Pha, tinh Quang Ninh Dfl lidu tiiu tiidp dupc tfl nghien cflu cung cdp thdng tin cho cac nha giao due vd cac nha hoach d|nb chinh sacb di phat ttiln mdt kl hoach hieu qua nham nang cao khd nang ciia hpc sinh, tnrdng hpc va cac ben lien quan ttong chdng chiu vdi thien tai 2, Dia diem nghien eihi Thanh phd Cam Pha Id dd thi loai II ttUc thudc tinh Quang Ninh, nam each trung tam Ha Ndi 200km vl phfa ddng bac cd to^ dp dia 1;^ tfl 20''58'10" din 2I*'I2' dd vT bac, tfl I07*'I0' din 107°23'50" dd kinh ddng C ^ Pha tiiudc tuyin phi'a Ddng cua tinh Qudng Ninh vdi tdng di^ntt'chttr nhien la 486km^, ttong dd dien tfch ddt liln la 343km^ (Uy ban nhdn dan Thanh phd C&i Pha, 2016) Cam Phd la phd Idn thfl bai cua tinh Quang Ninh, cd vi tti chien lupe quan trpng ttong vung tam giac tang ttirdng phfa Bac, la ddu mdi giao thdng quan ttpng cua tinh va viing Duyln hai Bac bd, la ttung tam chi'nh tti, kinh tl, van hda cua toan tlnh va la ddu mdi giao thdng qudc tl, qude gia va khu vuc Cam Phd nam vung khf hdu cSln nhiet ddi im dacttUngcho cac tinh mien Ble vCfa ed net rilng cua mdt tinh vung nui ven biln cd mdt mfla ndng im mUa nhieu, mdt miia ddng lEinh khd va it Vfla Do anh hudng bdi hoan luu gid mua Ddng Nam A nen hdu bi phdn hod thdnh hai mua gdm cd mua thi ndng dm vdi mfla mua, cdn mua ddng till lanh vdi mua khd Nhiet dp ttung binh nam tfl 21-23'*C, lupng mUattungbinh bang nam 1,995 m, dd im ttung binb 82-85% Mua lanhtiifldngbat ddu tfl tudn thang 11 va kittiiflcvdo cudi tiidng nam sau, ttung dd mua ndng bat ddu tfltiiang5 va kittiiucvdo ddu thang 10 Mfla ft mUa bat ddu tfl tiiang 11 cho din thang ndm sau, mua mua nhilu bat dau tfl thang va kit tiiuc vao ddu thang 10 Ngoai ra, tac d^ng cua biln, nSn khf hau nhin chung mat me, dm dp, thuan Idi doi vdi phat ttien ndng nghiep, Idm nghiep va nhilu boat ddng kinh tl khac NGHlfiN CtitJ JEM Vol (2017) No 11 Hmh Bdn dS hdnh chinh Thdnh phi CSn Phd Do dac dilm dia hinh ciia Unh Qudng Ninh cd 3/4 didntt'chId ddi nui, bd biln ddi gdn 300km, ddng thdi cd nhilu sdng sudi nen Quang Ninh chiu anh hfldng nhilu thien tai nhfl lu sdng, bdo biln, idc xoay Thanh phd Cam Pha cung chju anh hUdng cua cac loai thien tai bao gdm: mfla Idn, bao, lu, Thanh phd Cim Pha hien cd: 62 trudng td mdm non din trung hpc phd thdng (gdm cd: 16 trudng Mdm non, Mdu gi?o; 22 trudng Tilu hpc; 17ttirdngTHCS va 07ttirdngTHPT); 01 Trung tam giao due nghi nghiip - Gido dye thudng xuyin va 49 co sd giao due mdm non ngoai cdng lap; 01 Trung tdm daiy nghi va 02ttirdngCao dang nghi vdi ttdn 40,000 hpc smb (Phdng Giao due vd Dao tao Cim Pha, 2015) Nhin chung mang lUdt cd sd gido due vd dao tao da cd ban ddpflngdupc nhu cdu hpc tdp cua nhdn dan Dong thdi, nganb Gido due vd Ddo (aio dUpc sU chi dao true tilp vl chuyen mdn cua Sd Giao due va Dao tao Qudng Ninh vd sU quan tdm, ddu tU cua cdc cdp lanh dsio thdnh phd da thuc hien nhilu bien phap dl nang cao chdt lUdng giao due Theo Kich bdn biln ddi khf hSu tiii vao nam 2100, nhilt dp ttung binh d Viet Nam se tang 2-3''C Dieu ddng nghia vdi mUc nude biln cd till cao l€n khodng I m so vdi giai doan 1980 din 1999 (Bd Tki nguydn Mdittirdng,2009) Quang Ninh la mdtttongnhflng tinh chiu anh hUdng, se cd khoang 10% dien tfch ddt ven biln cua tinh bi ng|p lut (Qudng Ninh cd huy^n, tiij, phd ven biln, ttong dd cd xa dUdi mUc nUdc biln); khodng 5% chilu ddi qudc Id, trln 6% chilu dai tinh Id, gdn 4% chilu dai dudng sat, U^n 9% ddn sd bj dnh hUdng DU bdo giai doain 2020-2100, muc nudc biln tinh Quang Ninh se dang tfl 7-64cm so vdi giai doan 1980-1999, dd tdng diln tich bi ngdp cua tinh Quang Ninh la I25,27km^ Cdc hien tUdng tiidi tilt ciTC doan cung se gia tdng vdi diln biln bat thfldng hdn C ^ Phd la mdt thdnh phd ven biln cung se bi anh hUdng nghiem ttpng (Sd Tai nguyln & Mdi trudng tinh Qudng Ninh, 2015) 35 T6ng Thi My Thi, Nguyen Thi Hong DUdng Tae Young Park JEM.,VoI 9(2017).No 11 Nhflng nam ttd lai day, nganh giao due cua vSn chiu anh hudng n ^ g cfla riii ro thien tai Rieng ndm 2015,ttdnmUa Idn keo dai da gdy thiet hai nghiem trpng cho ngdnh gido due phd ca vl ngudi vd tai san Dd cd 50 gia dinh giao vien bi ngSp nude cd nguy cd xdy tai nan phai di ddi den ndi an toan Rieng vdi cac trudng THCS cd 13 gia (Dnh gido vien, nhdn vien bi dnh hudng vdi tdng gia tti thiet hai tt€n 480 ttieu ddng, 4/17 ttirdng bi tiiiet bai nghiem trpng ve tai san len tdi hdn 2,1 ty ddng Ddng thdi, cd tdi 197 gia dinh hpc sinh bi tbiet hai mfla Idn (Phdng Giao due va Ddo tao Cam Phd, 2016) Phutdng phap nghien cihi Ning cao nSng ch&ng chju RRTT cika tririmg Hinh Phuong phdp nghiSn cUu 3.1 Phuangphdp nghiin cdu tdi Uiu Trong nghien cflu nay, tdc gid dp dung phfldng phdp nghiln cihi tai lieu vdi vile thyc hien cac cdng viec chfnh la thu nhdp, phdn tfch vd tdng hdp, danh gia cdc dfl lieu, thdng tin va sd lieu cd sdn tten cdc bao cao, tap chf khoa hoc, Cu thi, nhflng tiidng tin edn thu t h ^ gdm: cd sd ly thuylt Uen quan din chu de nghien eflu; cdc tuu ly thuylt da dat dupc; cac kit qua nghien cflu dd dUdc cdng bd; chu trfldng, chinh sach lien quan vd cdc sd lieu thdng ke vl thiet hai gdy bdi rui ro thiin tai va khd nang chdng chiu vdi rui ro thien tai cac trfldng THCS tai phd C ^ Phd, tinh Qudng Ninh 3.2 PhUdng phdp bdng hoi Nghien cflu sfl dung phfldng phap Danh gia khd nang flng phd tiiien tai ciia ttirdng hpc dfldc phdt ttiln bdi Tong Thi My Thi Uxmg nghien cflu vl kha nang phuc hdi sau thiin tai cua ngdnh giao due tinh Thfla Thien Hue, miln Trung Viet Nam (2012) dl ddnh gid khd ndng chdng chiu vdi riii ro thien tai cua cdc trfldng hpc PhUdng phap ndy dinh nghia khia canh lUdng khd nang chdng chiu riii ro tiiidn tai cua cac ttirdng hpc dua ttdn bdi canh dja phUdng cua Viet Nam, bao gdm: dilu kien vdt chdt, ngudn nhan luc, cac vdn dl ve thi chl, cac mdi quan hd bin ngoai va dilu kien tu nhien Do tinh chdt ddc dao cua he thdng giao due cdng lap nhU la mdt thflc thi phi Idi nhudn, cac van dl lien quan din kinh tl khdng dupc tinh din (Tdng Thi My Thi, 2012) Cdc biln sd dUpc ddnh gia theo thang dilm tfl I din vdi dilm sd Id xIp haing kem nhat NGHIEN CCV JEM., Vol (2017), No 11 ngheo hoac khdng cd/khdng tdn tai va dilm so la tdt nhdt Sau cho dilm tflng biln, trpng sd cua mdi biln dUdc tfnh theo mflc dd quan trpng cua bien dd dii vdi cdc biln sd khac ttong cung mdt tham sd Theo each ndy, cac thdng sd dupc danh gia theo tdm quan trpng ciia chflng my tiiudc vdo boi cdnh cua tflng trfldng theo cac mflc tfl (khdng quan ttpng) din (rat quan ttpng) (T&ng Thi My Thi, 2012) Bang khao sdt thu dupc thdng qua cac cudc phdng vdnttUctiep vdi Hieu tnrdng hoac giao vien cd chflc ttach lien quan din giao due phdng cbdng va giam thieu thien tai tnrdng hpc Sd lupng philu khdo sdttiii^chien la 17 philuttrdngflngvdi 17ttirdngTHCS tai Thanh phd Cam Pha, tinh Quang Ninh 3.3 Phuangphdp chuyen gia Tham vdn nhflng chuyen gia cd htlu bilt nhdt djnh tai thdi dilm nghien cflu dl cd tbI tim hilu, danh gia khach quan vl eae vdn dl nghien cflu Tac gid tham khdo y kiln cda can bd Phdng Gido due va Dao tao phd Cam Pha va can bd chju ttdeh nhiem ttUc tilp ttong cdng tac giao dye phdng chdng va giam thilu thien tai ttong trfldng hpc tai cdc trudng THCS phd C ^ Phd TrUdc tiln hanh phdng vdn bdng cau hdi da dfldc tu van bdi can bd Phdng Giao due vd Dao tao phd C^m Pha trudc dl chinh sfla phu hdp vdi dilu kien cua he thdng giao due d dia phUdng Trong qud ttinh tiln hanh phdng vdn, tdc gid da tham vdn y kiln cua Hidu trudng, giao vien cd chflc ttach lien quan den gido due phdng cbdng vd giam tiiilu thien tai trongttirdnghpc vl d|c dilm rieng, dilu kien va khd khan cua mdi trfldng cdng tac phong chdng va giam nh?riiiro thien tai Ddng thdi ghi nhdn nhflng dl xudt ciia ttirdng dl dfla giai phap phu hpp nang cao khd ndng chdng chiu vdi rui ro thien tai cua trfldng va kha nang thuc hidn cac gidi phdp bxf theo bdi cdnh cua cac trudng khac Sau tien hanh phdng vdn, kit qud phdng vdn tfl bdng hdi dfldc ddnh gia bdi can bd Phdng Giao due va Dao tao dl dam bdo dp chfnh xdc Cac dl xudt ndng cao khd ndng chdng chju vdi rfli ro thien tai cua trfldng cung dupc xem xet dl dam bdo tinh kha thi va phu hdp vdi dilu kien gido dye cua cac trudng THCS ciia phd 3.4 Phuangphdp xic ly sS Uiu Tit cd dfl lilu tiiu thdp tfl philu dilu tta dfldc tdng hpp vd xii \f bang phdn mim Microsoft Excel dl tfnh toan, lap bdng bilu, bilu dd dl danh gid khd nang chdng chju vdi riii ro tiiiln tai cua cdc trudng hpc Kha ndng chdng chiu vdi rui ro tiiien tai cua cdc dirdng THCS thdnh phd Cim Pha dUpc chia thdnh mflc xIp hang tfl rdt cao din rdttiidp(Bang I) Bang xip logi khd ndng ching chju vdiriiro thiin tai Di£m Xgplo^ Rat cao 4,30-5,00 3,50-4,29 Cao 2,70-3,49 Tmng binh ThSp 1,90-2.69 RStth&p 1,10-1,80 Dl md ta khd nang chdng chiu cua cac ttildng THCS, cdc dd thi hinh ngu gidc dUpc sfl diing dl thi hien dupc ca nam yeu td tao nIn khd nang chdng chiu cua trudng T&ngTTii My Thi, Nguyen Thi Hong DUdng, Tae Young Park JEM Vol (2017) No II Kit qua nghiSn ciiii 4.1 j^t qua chung M^t bang chung cdc trudng THCS tai phd cd kha nang chdng chju dait mflc trung binh (3,11 dilm) Mflc dilm cao nhdt dat dupc la cfla ylu td ngudn nhdn lUc (3,65) Cac ylu td cd sd vat chdt (3,30), cdc mdi quan he ben ngoai (3,30) va thi chl (2,79) dat mflc dilm ttimg binh bx>ng ylu td dilu kien tfl nhien (2,S 1) chi dait mflc dilm thudc loai thdp Ta cd tbI thay rd rang cd sU chenh tech vl dilm sd gifla nam ylu th, dilu cflng thi hien khd ndng va vai trd cua tflng ylu td nhiem vu phdng chdng riii thien tai trudng hpc tai phd Cdn cd su chfl trpng hdn troog viec thilt Idp the che cua txtng trUdng ciing nhU khac phuc dilu kien tu nhien nham giam nhe cacriiirothien tai Cac bilu dd dUpc sfl dung dl ttinh bay kit qud danh gia kha nang chdng chiu cfla trfldng hpc vdi riii ro thien tai tiieo cac each khac thdng qua: danh gia so sanh dilm sd cua 17 trfldng THCS (Hinh 3), phan tich cactiiamsd cua hetiidnggido due THCS (Hinh 4) Hinh Diim ting hgp cua tdt cd cdc trudng THCS thdnh phi CSn Phd h Hinh DiSn trung binh cua cdc tnldng THCS tgi phi Cdn Phd NGHlfiNClJtJ JEM., Vol (2017),No II 4.1.1 Dieu kien cO sd vgt chdt Yen t6 dilu kien cO sd vdt chdt dat mflc dilm ttung binh (3,3 dilm), dUpc cdu tti cac tham sd cdu ttuc ttUdng hpc (3,29 dilm), thiet bi (3,24 dilm) va dilu kien ve sinh (3,36 dilm) Tham sd dilu kien ve sinh dat mflc dilm cao hdn so vdi tham sd cdn lai Dilu cd the dUdc ly gidi 100% cacttUdngdeu dupc thu gom rdc thai hdng bdi Cdng ty Cd phan Mdi trudng dd thi Cam Pha Trong khdng mdt trudng nao cd he thdng thoat hilm chottirdnghdp khin cdp (cfla thoat hilm, hanh lang thoat hilm) va 82,4% sd trudng khdng dam bao tidu chu& vl hanh lang va chilu cao lan can Va viec sfl dung cac thilt bi tilt kiem dienttongttirdngchi d mflc dd ttung binb, sfl dung cac bdng den tilt kiem dien, cdn cac thilt bi dien khac nhu quat, mdy chilu, dilu hoa diu khdng phdi loai tilt kiem dien Cdng tac chuan bi dung cu ttong tnrdng hdp khan cap (du trfl thflc an, nude udng, den pin, min, ) diu cd d cac trudng nhung chl cbuln bj dupc nudc udng va den pin nhflng sd lUdng khdng nhilu Dilu ndy se hsin chl kha nang chong chju rfli ro thien tai cua cdc ttirdng hpc cd cacttirdnghop khan cdp xay 4.1.2 Nguon nhdn luc Nguin nhan luc la ylu td dat diem sd cao nhdt vl kha nang chdng chju vdi rfli ro thien tai ttong nam ylu td Idn Dilm sd dfldc ddng gdp cao nhdt bdi hpc sinh (3,91), sau dd la giao vien va nhan vien (3,64) Trong dd, tham sd phu huynh (3,18) cd ddng gdp mflc dilm thdp nhdt ba tham sd Dilu the hien mflc dp tham gia va vai trd cfla phu huynh ddi vdi vai ttd chong chju vdi rui ro tiiien tai cua trudng hpc Du cd tdi 82,4% trudng hpc cd thao ludn cac van dl lidn quan den thidn tai cdc cudc hpp thudng ky cua Hpi phu huynh hpc sinh rihiln chi cd 5,9% (ttrdng dUdng 1/17 ttirdng) td chflc chuong ttinh hay khda dao taio thudng kj vdy tiiien tai cho phu huynh hpc sinh dUdi hinh thflc ddo tao ddi vdi cac Hdi ttirdng hdi phu huynh cdc Idp Hetiionglien lac gifla ttirdng va gia dinh ttung ttirdng hpp khan cdp cung khdng dat hieu qua cao Dilu phu hpp vdi 50%ttirdnghpc cho rang phu huynh hpc sinh cd vai ttd, mflc dd tham gia va hd ttd ft quan ttpng ddi vdi cac hoat ddng lien quan din ndi dung phdng chdng tiiien tai cua ttirdng Tiiy nhien, chfnh viec khdng danh gia cao mflc dd quan ttpng cua phu huynh hpc sinh da lam gidi b£tn sfl tiiam gia va hd ttd cua hp ttong cdng tdc phdng chdng riii ro thiin tai 4.1.3 Thichi Ylu td thi chl dat mflc dilm thdp hdn so vdi dilu kien cd sd vat chdt, ngudn nhdn Iflc vd cac mdi quan he ben ngoai Dilm cua tham sd kl hoach (3,38 dilm) cao hdn tham sd quan 1^ (2,62 diem) va ngan quy (1,65 dilm) cd tdi 82,4% ttirdng dl cao mflc dd quan ttpng cua viec long ghep cac ndi dung lidn quan din phdng chdng tiiien tai vao quy dinh va kl hoach boat ddng cfla ttfldng TUy nhiln, laii chu ttpng nhilu hdn vao ISip ke hootch phuc hdi sau cdtiiiSntai xdy ra, tiieo kit qua khdo sat cho tiidy cd tdi 82,3%ttirdngcd kl hoach phuc hdi sau c6 thien tai xay vd chi cd 47,1%ttUdngeo kl hoach d mflc tdt, cdn lai la kem va ttung binh Tham sd quan ly dat mflc diem thdp chi cd 11,8% tren tdng sd ttirdng hpc cd l|;p Nhdm hoat ddng lien quan den thien tai va td chflc hpp nhdmtiiUdngky vdi sUtfiamgia cua nhdn vien, giao vidn, hpc sinh ttong ttirdng va phy huynh cung nhU t l chflc cac chUdng ttinh hay khda ddo tao thudng ky cd ndi dung lidn quan din phdng chdng thiin tai cho Nhdm hoat ddng Tham sd ngdn quy (1,65 dilm) dat mflc dilm thdp nhdt ttong ba tham si ciia ylu td till chl, ddng tiidi ciing la tiiam s6 cd mflc dilm ttidp nhdt ttong 15 tham sd danh gid Nguyln nhan phan Idn la ngudn ngdn sdch ban hep cua ttildng khdng du dl chi thfldng xuyen cho boat ddng nay, chl Ting Thi My Thi, Nguyln Thi H&ng DUdng, Tae Young Park JEM., Vol (2017), No 11 xay tiiiet bai tiiien tai ttu mdi tiich mdt phdn ngdn quy cua UHdng dl khac phuc va thudng tbi khdng qua % ngdn sach Dilu khiln cho cac trfldng bj ddng ttong viec phdng chdng, khac phuc sau thien tai va se phai phu thudc vao cac khoan ddng gdp,flnghd tfl cac td chflc, tac nhan ben ngoai 4.1.4 Cdc moi quan hi bin ngodi Dilm s6 ma yen td cac mdi quan he ben ngoai dat dUdc la 3,3 dilm, cao hdn mflc tiimg binh cfla ca ylu td liiy nhien, sd tham sd cfla ylu td nay, chi cd hai tham sd hpptac vdi cac td chflc khac (3,67 dilm) va mdi quan he gifla tiirdng va cdng ddng (3,73 dilm) Id dat dilm d mflc cao cdn tham sd gay quy xIp mflc rat thdp, chi dfldc 1,71 dilm Hdu hit cac trudng cd mdi quan he vao hdp tac kha tdt vdi cac td chflc khdc 100% trUdng c6 dfl cac cudc hop trudng ky vdi Phdng Giao due va Dao tao, Uy ban nhdn ddn dia phUdng cd tiiao luan cac vdn de lien quan din thien tai va cd mang ludi chia se thdng tin kha tdt gifla cdc trfldng Ben canh dd cac trfldng hpc diu namttxjngkhu vuc cd cdng ddrig dan cU sinh sdng, vi vay, cd sy tiiam giatiiUdngxuyen vao cac chUdng ttinh va hoat ddng lien quan din ndi dung phdng chdng thien tai dia phUdng td chflc cung nhU nhan dUde hd trd tfl ddi lye lupng cflu hd Idiia cdp cua dia phfldng cd thien tai xay 100% trudng hpc cd the sfl dung lam ndi ttu ^n cho ngUdi dan dia phUdng ttong trudng hdp cd thien tai xay va cd vai ttd, su tham giatt'chcue kl hoach quan ly thien tai cua cdng ddng dia phUdng lYong ttan mUa lut lich sfl ndm 2015, mdt sd trudng dd dupc sfl dung lam ndi cat gifl dd dac cho cac gia dinh d cdng ddng ddn cU, chu ylu la cac di€n tfl cac tiirdng dupc xdy dung tren nIn ddt cao n€n tranh dUdc viec bi ngap Tham sd kha ndng gdy quy la tham sd dait dilm thdp nhdt Uxjng ba tham sd cua cac mdi quan he ben ngoai, ddng thdi la tham sd cd diem thap thfl ttong sd 15 tham sd danh gia Cac trfldng hpc phd khdng nh|n dupc su hd ttd tfl bdt kl tl chflc phi chfnh phu nao, khdng cd td chflc nao hoat ddng tren dia ban phd TUdng flng vdi thuc tl vl kha nang gay quy, chi cd 17,6% trfldng hoc dl cao mflc dp quan ttong cua viec gSy quy phuc hoi sau thien tai, chfl ylu vln la chu ttpng vao hdp tac vdi cac td chflc khac va mdi quan he gifla trudng va cdng ddng tfl phdng chdng din khac phuc bin qua 4.1.5 Diiu kiin tU nhiin Mflc dilm nhan dflpc cua ylu td dilu kien tfl nhiSn la thdp nhdt nam ylu td chfnh dfldc danh gia (2,51 diem) cac tham sd mflc dd nghiem ttpng va mflc dp thfldng xuyIn cuatiiientai dat mflc dilm rdt thdp Cam Pha va mot phd ven biln, nam vflng chiu tac ddng thfldng xuySn cua cac loai thien tai nhu bao, mua Idn Kit qua khdo sat ciing cho thdy dilu nay, ma lu lyt vd bao la hai loai thien tai dUpc 100%ttUdnghpc ddnh gid la cd anh hudng nghiem ttpng nhdt cd mflc dp xudt hien thfldng xuyen nhdt Tilp sau lu lut va bao la nang ndng vdi 88,2% trudng hpc chiu dnh hUdng nghiemttxingva tiiudng xuyen cfla nang ndng, nhflng nam gdn day tinh ttang ndng ndng keo ddi vao mua he gay anh hudng Idn din chdt lupng day hpc cua cac trUdng Tham sd mdi trudng xung quanh (3,81 dilm) dat dUdc mflc dilm cao nhdt ttong ba tiiam so la 100% cac trfldng diu nam ttong khu dan cfl va cd tdi 70,6%ttfldngcd khoang each tfl ttirdng din cac khu vuc XJf ban nhdn ddn phfldng (xd), ddn cdng an dja phUdng va ttam y tl phudng (xa) dUdi 1km nln khd nang hd ttd cua cac cd quan ndy danh cho trUdng hpc tnrdng hdp cd rui ro thien tai rdt cao NGHlgNCtfU JEM Vol (2017), No 11 4.2 Ddnh gid sU chenh lech khd ndng chong chiu vdi rdi ro thiin tai giUa cdc trudng viing nui vdi viing biin Cac trudng THCS tai phd Cim Pha dupc chia hai vung: vung biln va viing nui, dua tten vi tti dia ly cfla ttirdng Bdng Danh sdch phdn viing cdc trUdngTrung hgc ca sd tgi Thdnh Cim Phd Vung Vung bi6n Vung nui TrucJng THCS L^Ttf Trong THCS Ng6 QuySn THCS Th6ng Nhat THCS Cim Binh THCS Suoi Khoang THCS EalTBLong THCS Nam Hai THCS Cfci Son THCS Cam Thanh THCS CSm Thinh THCSCutaOng THCS Trong Diem THCS Quang Hanh THCS C?ng Hoa THCS Duong Huy THCS Cim Hai THCS Mong Duong Diem danh gia 2.73 2,73 2,76 3,03 3,08 3,13 3,14 3,19 3,22 3,33 3,48 3,63 3,69 2,58 2,92 2,94 3,31 X6p loai Trung binh T^ungbinh TVung binh Trung binh Tntag binh Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Cao Cao Thip Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Trong sd 13ttirdngthudc vflng biln cd 23,1 % dfldc xIp hang cao, 76,9% trfldng cdn lai dfldc xep loai ttung binh vl kha ndng chdng chiu vdi rui ro thien tai Mat khac, ttong sd trUdng thudc khu vflc viing nfli thi cd 75% xep loai ttung binh vd 25% xl loai thdp vl kha nang chdng chiu vdi riii ro thien tai Hir^ Khd ndng ching chiu vdi rui ro thiin tai cua cdc trudng vung biin tgi Thanh CSn Phd Tftng Thi My Thi, Nguyen Thi Hong Duong, Tae Young Park •" JEM., Vol (2017), No 11 Th^,., ""?*••*" PiBhi i,h ' '••^ ^-^NcnlntiUalin [iM / Hinh Khd nang ching chiu vdi rui ro thiin tai CIM cdc trudng viing niii tgi Thdnh Cim Phd Hinh va cho thdy mflc dilm cac tham sd cua haittUdngcd dilm cao nhdt - TrUdng THCS Quang Hanh vdttiTdngcd dilm thdp nhdt - TrUdng THCS Cdng Hoa Cd thi dl dang nhan thay cacttirdnghpc thudc viing biln cd mflc dilm cao hdn so vdi cac trudng vung nfli d tdt ca ylu td danh gia nhien mflc dilm chenh lech khdng qua cao 4.2.1 Diiu kiin cO sd vgt chdt Cd thi thdy cdc trudng d vung biln cd dilm sd cao hdn cac trudng viing nui vl dilu kien cd sd vdt chdt Ve cdu trflc trfldng hpc, viec dp dung cac quy ^mh an toan vl xdy dung cung nhU kilm tra ddnh gia tinh hinh an toan cfla phdng hpc va cac tod nhattongttudngdiu dUpc dam bdo nhien nam 2016 mflc dp thiet hai ve mat cd sd v§t chdt thiSn tai gdy d vung biln nhilu hdn vung nfli nen dilm ciia tham sd cauttucttirdnghpc ciia vung biln (3,31 dilm) thdp hdn mdt chut so vdi cac trfldng vflng nfli (3,37 diem) Cdc trfldng d viing biln cd sfl chu^ bi dung cu diing ttong tnrdng hdp kh&i cdp tdt hdn, sy tiiay thi cac thilt bj sau cd tiiien tai xdy va phdn ttam cac thilt bj bao ve mdi tnrdng dupc lap dat va sfl dung ttong ttirdng cao bdn nen dilm cua tiiam sd tiiilt bj ttirdng hpc cua eae ttildng vung biln (3,43 diem) cao hdn han so vdi viing nfli (2,62 diem) Vl dilu kien ve sinh va mdittfldngttongttiTdnghpc, cacttHdngvung biln (3,42 diem) vdn cd diem sd cao hdn cac ttirdng vung nui (3,18 dilm) Cd sy chenh lech la cac ttirdng d vung biln td chflc cac chfldng ttinh, boat ddng bao ve mditiirdngcho hpc sinh nhilu hdn, ddng thdi cac ttirdng d vflng biln dUdc quan tdm hdn vl dilu kien an tokn ttong ttifdng hpc nen viec kilm tta dinh ky cac thilt bj, chdt lieu nguy hilm mdt each thfldng xuyen hdn 4.2.2 Ngudn nhdn lite Khdng cd su chenh lech cao gifla hai vflng vl dilm cua cac tiiam sd gido vien va nhdn vien, hpc sinh Trong tham sd phy huynh hpc sinh cd sfl khac biet ro ret so vdi hai tham sd tren, dilm so cua vung biln cao (3,27 dilm) hdn han so vdi vung nui (2,88 dilm) Dilu phan anh sy tiiam gia cua phu huynh vdo viec phdng chdng rui ro thien tai vung biln nhilu va hieu qua NGHIEN CUU JEM., Vol (2017), No 11 hon so vdi vung nfli Dieu de gidi thich bdi d vung nfli, dilu kien kinh tl - xa hdi thap hOn nen phu huynh cung it quan tdm tdi vdn dl rfli ro thien tai ttong trudng hpc Hdn nfla, vdn dl phdng chdng rfli ro thien tai cung khdng dUpc chu ttpng nhieu ttong cdc trudng hpc miln nfli 4.2.3 Thichi Co sy chdnh l^h khac gifla cac tham sd kl hoach, qudn ly va ngdn quy ciia ylu td thi chl gifla hai vung Cacttirdngvung biln dat dilm cao hdn d tham sd kl hoach ed 46,2% trudng thudc vflng biln thflc hien tdt cdng tac Idng ghep cac ndi dung lien quan din phdng chdng thi6n tai vao kl hoaich boat ddng, quy dinh va chUdng ttinh hpc cua trudng tbi chi cd 25% trudng vung nui dat dUdc mflc Diem cua tham sd qudn ly d vung biln (2,7 dilm) cung cao hdn vung nui (2,38 dilm) d vung biln, cac tnrdng chfl ttpng vao viec cung cdp thdng tin lien quan din thien tai cho hpc sinh, nhdn vien va giao viSn ttong tnrdng, td chflc cac hoai ddng lien quan din ndi dung phdng chdng thien tai vdi chat lupng va tan sudt cao hdn so vdi miln nui Ddi vdi tham sd ngdn quy, sU chenh lech ve dilu kien tfl nhien, cdc trfldng vung nfli chju nhilu dnh hfldng cua rui ro thien tai hdn nen cac trfldng vung biln (1,61 dilm) danh ngdn quy cho cac hoat ddng thdp hOn so vdi vflng niii (1,8 dilm) 4.2.4 Cdc mSi quan hi bin ngodi Cdctiirdngd vung biln cd dilm sd cao hdn d ca ba tham sd hdp tac,ttUdnghpc va cdng ddng, gdy quy Doi vdi tiiam sd hdp tac, cac trudng d vung biln nhdn dUdc sy quan tdm thfldng xuyen cung nhu cd sd cudc hpp thudng kj tmng binh vdi Phdng Giao due vd Ddo tao, vdi Uy ban nhan dan dia phUdng cao bdn vflng nfli 92,3% trudng viing bien cd boat ddng cua he thdng cdnh bdo thien tai tfl Chfnh quyln dja phUdng din ttirdng dat mflc tdt ttong ehi cd 25%ttirdngvung nui dat dupc mflc vd cd 84,6% dat mflc tdt ttong viec hdp tac vdi Chinh quyln dia phfldng cd thien tai xdy ttong ty Id d vflng nui Id 75% Kit qua la cdc trfldng vung biln (3,77 dilm) dat dfldc mflc dilm cao hdn cdcttiTdngvflng nui dtiiamsd hdp tdc (3,33 dilm) Vai ttd cua cac tnrdng d vflng biln ddi vdi cdng tdc phdng chdng thien tai tdt hdntiidngqua vi§c sfl dung lam ndi ttii in cho ngfldi dan dia phUdng ttung ttirdng hop cd thien tai xdy tdt hdn vdtiiUdngxuyen tham gia vao cac chUdng ttinh va hoat ddng liln quan din ndi dung phdng chdng thien tai dia phUdng td chflc, nd hdp ly vdi sd dilm cfla tiiam sd kl hoach vung biln (2,7 dilm) cao hdn vung nfli (2,38 dilm) Doi vdi tham sd gay quy, cdc trfldng vung biln (1,73 dilm) cung dat dfldc mflc dilm cao hdn vung nui (1,65 dilm) kha nang gay quy d vung biln cao hdn d vflng nui vi khu vyc cd kinh te phat ttiln hon vdi nhilu cdng ty, td chflc ddng gdp nhilu hdn chottirdnghpc 4.2.5 Diiu kiin tu nhien Hai tham sd mflc dd nghiemttx)ngcua thien tai (viing biln: 1,91 dilm; vflng ndi: 1,92 dilm) vd mflc ddtiiudngxuydn cua thien tai (vung biln: 1,8 dilm; viing nui: 1,77 dilm) ciia hai vflng dat dupc mflc tuong dUdng cacttirdngdiu chju dnh hUdng nghiem ti^ng vdtiiUdngxuyIn cua ba loai tiiien tai chfnh la lu lyt, bao vd nang ndng keo dai Rilng tiiam sd mdittiTdngxung quanh cua vung biln dat dUpc mflc dilm cao hdn cac trUdng vflng biln cd vi tti gdn vdi tty sd UJ ban nhdn dan, cdng an phudng va tt'^ y tl gan hdn (dUdi I km) giup cho vi^c chdng chju vdi tiiiln tai d khu vUc thuan Idi hdn vung nfli rdt nhilu Tdng Thi My Thi, Nguyen Thj Hdng Duong, Tae Young Park JEM., Vol (2017), No 11 4.3 Ddnh gid su chinh lich gi&a trUdng cd khd nang chong chin vdi rdi ro thiin tai cao nhdt vdthdpnhdt Cd till dl ddng nhan thdy sU chlch lech Idn ve dilm s& gifla hai Trudng THCS Quang Hanh lattirdngcd diem sd cao nhdt va TVudng THCS Cdng Hod la ttitdng cd dilm sdtiidpnhat vl kha nang chdng chju vdiriiirotiiienttu(Hinh va 8) Hdn nfla,ttirdngdat dilm cao nhdt la mot tnrdng tiiudc vung biln cdnttirdngcd dilmtiidpnhdt la mdtttfldngtiiudcvung nui Hinh Khd ndng ching chfu rui ro thiin tai cua IrUdng cd diim sS cao nhdt - TrUdng THCS Quang ,/;.-ãã i4tthli UTTninôhôcil '' ' Hinh Khd ndng ehing chiu rui ro thiin tai c&a tntdng ed diem s6 thdp nhit - Trudng THCS Cdng H 4.3.1 Diiu kiin co sd vdt chdt Dilm ttung binh cfla ylu td dilu kien ed sd vat chdt ciia Thrdng THCS Quang Hanh la 4,07 xIp hang cao ttong Tnrdng THCS Cdng Hoa chi dat 2,48 dilm d mflc xIp hang tiiap chdng chiu vdi mi ro tiiiln tai Do Trudng THCS Quang HanhtiiUchien cdc hoat ddng kilm tta djnh ki vl an toan cua phdng hpc va cac tda nha, tiiilt bi day hpc va cac thilt bi, chdt lilu gay nguy NGmfeN CCV JEM., Vol (2017), No 11 hilm nhieu hdn Ddng thdi TrUdng THCS Quang Hanh ap dyng cac quy dinh v^ xay dyng an toan da dupc Chfnh Phu ban hanh cung nhu cdng tac chudn bi dung cy dung ttong cac trudng hpp khan cap tdt hdn Ben cjinh dd, Tnrdng THCS Quang Hanh td chflc hdn boat ddng bao ve mdi ttirdng mdi nam cho hpc sinh, dfldi nhilu binh thflc nhfl dpn ve sinh mdi trudng cdng cdng, phat ddng ttdng cdy, tai chl ractiidittirdnghpc, tiiiTVudng THCS Cdng Hod chi td chflc hoait ddng/nam 4.3.2 Nguon nhdn luc Trudng THCS Quang Hanh dat dilm cao ddi vdi cd ba tiiam sd giao vien va nhin vien (4,8 diem), hpc sinh (4,53 diem) vd phu huynh (3,93 dilm), cao hdn ban so vdi TrUdng THCS Cdng Hoa vdi dilm cua cac tiiam sd Id giao vien va nhdn vi6n (3,33 dilm), hpc sinh (3,67 dilm) va phu huynh (2,87 dilm) Du cd hai ttirdng diu chu y din viec ttang bi kiln thflc vl hilm hpa va tac ddng cua thien tai cung nhu phd biln kl hoach lien quan din cdng tac phdng chdng va ddi phd vdi tiiien tai cho ca gido vien, nhdn vien va hpc sinh nhien van cd sU chenh Idch Idn vl dilm sd nay, la chi cd Trfldng THCS Quang Hanh td chflc cdc chuong ttinh hay khda ddo tao tiiUdng k^ ve tiiien tai cho ca gido vien, nhan vien va hpc sinh edn Ihrdng THCS Cdng Hoa tiu khdng Doi vdi phy huynh hpc sinh, TrUdng THCS Quang Hanh cung dat mflc dilm cao hdn vi so Idn cac cudc hpp thudng 1^ ciia hdi phu huynh hpc sinh cd thao lu^n cac vdn dl lien quan din thien ttu len tdi idn/nam ttong tan sudt cua Trfldng THCS Cdng Hoa ehi bang mdt nfla He tiidng lien lac gifla ttirdng va gia dinh ttong ttirdng hdp kh£n cdp, viec phd biln kl hoach lien quan din cdng tac phong chdng va ddi phd vdi thien tai cho phu huynh hpc sinh di kjp tiidi phdi hpp ttong trudng hdp cd thien tai xay ra, vai ttd va su tham gia, ho ttd cua phy huynh hpc sinh vao cac ho^t ddng lien quan din ndi dung phdng chdng thien tai cfla Trfldng THCS Quang Hanh cung d mflc tdt ttong Trfldng THCS Cdng Hoa chi d mdc binh tiiUdng 4.3.3 Thichi Ca hai ttildng dat dupc mflc diem kha tUdng ddng ddi vdi tham sd kl hogwh va ngdn quy cung thuc hien tdt cdng tac idng ghep cac ndi dung lien quan din phdng chdng thiin tai vao kl hoach hoat ddng, quy djnh vd chUdng ttinh hpc ciia trUdng Chl cd ke hoach phdng chdng va doi phd vdi thien tai dd quy dinh vai ttd cu thi cua nhan vien, giao vien, hpc sinh va phu huynh dupc Tmdng THCS Quang HanhtiiUchien d mflc tdt cdn Tiirdng THCS Cdng Hod cd Idp kl hoach nhflng chl d mflc dd kem Dilu khdng chi phan anh mflc dd quan tam, tdm quan trpng cua viec Idp va thyc hien cdc kl hoach phdng chdng thien tai ma cdn phdn anh sfl chenh lech ttinh dd cfla ddi ngu quan ly va cac giao vien gifla hai tnrdng Ddy la ttd ngai Idn vi€c phdng chdng va flng phd cd rui ro thien tai xay Tham sd quan ly cd sU chenh lech dilm gifla hai ttirdng rd bdn cd Trfldng THCS Quang Hanh cd he thdng canh bao thien tai ttong ttirdng vd cung cdp thdng tin lien quan din thiin tai cho hpc sinh mot cdch tdt hdn Trfldng THCS Cpng Hod Hdn nfla, Tnrdng THCS Quang Hanh cd tiianh lap Nhdm boat ddng lien quan din thien tai, td chde hpp nhdm thfldng l:f vdi sy tham gia cua nhdn viln, giao vien, hpc sinh ttong ttirdng va phu huynh idn/ndm va td chfle cac chUdng ttinh, khda ddo tao thfldng k^ cd ndi dung lien quan din phdng chdng thien tai cho Nhom boat ddng liln quan din tiiien taittongttUdng2 lan/nam, ttung TVudng THCS Cdng Hod khdng td chflc Kit qua la diem ciiatfiams6 quan \f cfla TrUdng THCS Quang Hanh (3,47 dilm) cao hdn han so vdi Trudng THCS Cdng Hod (2,07 dilm) T6ng Thi My Thi, Nguyen Thj Hdng DUdng, Tae Young Park JEM., Vol (2017) No 11 4.3.4 Cdc mil quan hi ben ngodi Cac mdi quan hd ben ngoai dupc danh gia thdng qua cac tham sd hdp tac, tnfdng hpc wa cdng ding, gay quy Trong ca ba tham sd, TrUdng THCS Quang Hanh ludn dat diim sd cao hdn TrUdng THCS Quang Hanh tham gia cac cudc hpp thUdng ky ed thao luan cac vdn dl lien quan din thien tai vdi Phdng Giao dye va Ddo tao, vdi Uy ban nhan ddn cung nhu tham gia vao cdc chUdngttinhva boat ddng lien quan din ndi dung phdng chdng thien tai dja phUdng td chflc nhieu hdn TrUdng THCS Cdng Hoa Ve khd nang gdy quy, ttong TrUdng THCS Quang Hanh cd kha nang nhdn dupc hd ttd tfl Chfnh quyln dja phfldng, Hpi phu huynh va cdng ddng dja phUdng dl hdn ddng thdi xIp hang viec thay ddi ngdn sach cho cac hoat dong lien quan din ndi dung phdng chdng thien tai la (pan ttpng nhdt thi Tnrdng THCS Cdng Hoa ngUdc lai 4.3.5 Diiu kien tif nhien Gidng nhu tdt ca cac trudtig khac ttong phd, dnh hudng cua trudng gdy mflc dp nghiemttpngva mflc thudng xuyen cua thien tai hdu hit la nhU Rieng tham sd mdi trudng xung quanh cd sU ch6nh lech vl dilm sd nhilu hdn TrUdng THCS Quang Hanh cd khodng each den U^ ban nhdn ddn phudng, ddn cdng an phudng va Tram y tl phUdng gdn hdn nhilu so vdi Tnrdng THCS Cdng Hoa Du khoang each cua Trudng THCS Quang Hanh din sdng, sudi, biln la gdn hdn trudng cung xIp hang mflc dd quanttxtngcfla vdn dl cao hdn nen vdn dat dupe dilm ttung binh la 4,13, cao hdn Trudng THCS Cdng Hod vdi 3.33 dilm Ket ludn Cd loai rfli ro thien tai dflpc ghi nhan tai phd C ^ Phd bao gdm Ju lut, bao (mfla Idn), nang ndng keo dai, nfldc biln ddng, ban han Trong dd, lu lyt, bao vd'nang ndng klo dai la ba loai hinh thien tai cd tac ddng nghiem ttpng nhdt tdi hoat ddng giao due t^i tiianh phd C ^ Pha Tby nhien, khd nang chdng chju vdi riii ro thien tai ciia cac trudng tai phd Cam Phd chl dat mflc ttTing binh (3,11 dilm) Trong dd cd 5,88% ttirdng dat mflc thap, 82,36% ttitdng dat mflc trung binh va 11,76%ttirdngdat mflc cao Tat ca cacttirdngcd khd nang chdng chju vdi riii ro thiin tai d mflc cao diu d vung biln Cac trudng THCS tai thdnh phd C ^ Pha cdn gap nhilu vdn dl ttong v i ^ chu& bj phdng tranh,flngphd va khac phuc vdi thien tai Cac vdn dl chfnh gap phai bao gdm: chUa chu trpng thu gom, tdi chl rdc thdi ttong trudng; chUa dam bao yeu cdu thilt kl xdy dyng trUdng hpc; sy chuIn bi dung cho ttirdng hpp khin cap; vai ttd cfla phu huynh hpc sinh chdng chiu vdi thiin tai; mang lUdi lien kit thdng tin gifla eae trfldng hpc; ngdn quy cho cdng tdc phdng chdng rui ro thien tai; kha nang gdy quy va each khac phye dilu kien tfl nhien Cdn ndng cao vai ttd va vjttittxjngboat ddng phdng chdng vd khac phuc riii ro thien tai ciia hpc sinh, giao vien, nhan vien vd phy huynh hpc sinh Dae biet Id ndng cao vai trd cua phu huynh hoc sinh qua ttinh phdng chdngtiiientai, tao thi chii ddng cho cac vien, ndng cao hieu qua chdng chju vdi rui ro tiien tai cfla cdng ddng Cac giai phdp dflpc dl xuat gdm: (I) Nhdm hoat ddng lien quan din ndi dung phdng chdng tiiien tai trongttirdnghpc; (2) Quy dy phdngtiiientai; (3) He thdng cdnh bdo tiiien tai va lien lac gifla trfldng va cd quan quan ly, gifla cac tnrdng hpc Idn can, gifla ttirdng hpc va gia dinh; (4) Tai chl rac thdi trfldng hpc; (5) Bdo ton Da dang sinh hoc; (6) Giao due giam nhe riii ro thien tai Thy vao dilu kien va dac dilm cua mdi tnrdng se ap dyng cdc giai phdp dupe de xudt theo thfl tu uu tien khac dl nang cao kha nang chdng chju vdi rui ro thien tai cua mdi trfldng 46 NGmtNCtitJ JEM., Vol 9(2017),No 11 Gido dye giam nhe riii rotiiientai nen dUdc chu ttung hang dau 1^ hoach ndng cao kha nang chdng chju cua ttirdng hpc TrUdng hpc la ndi dao tiio, ndng cao nhdn tiiflc vd djnh hudng phat ttien chung cfla xa hoi, vi v|y, ttirdng hpc ddng vai tt^ quylt dinh quan ttpng ttong viec hinb tiianh kha nang chdng chju vdi rui ro thien tai cua cdng ddng, bat ddu tfl viec giao due ruirotiiien tai cho hpc sinh IM cam an: Nghiin cdu ndy dd dugc Ca quan Hgp tdc Qudc ti Hdn Qudc (KOICA) h§ tra thdng qua du dn "Tang cudng Nang luc vi Gido due Biin doi hdu vd Phdt triin ven vUng cho Trudng Dgi hgc Tdi nguyin vd Mdi trudng Viit Nam " ndm 2017 (si 2017-003) TAI LIEU THAM KHAO [ ] Phdng Giao due vd Dao tao C^m Phd (2015), Bdo cdo dnh hinh thiit hai ttdn mua lu keo ddi thdng ndm 2015 [2] Phong Giao due va Dao tao Cam Phd (2015), Bdo cdo torn tdt tinh hinh thdi tiit, thiin tai vd thiit hai Tudn tU ngdy 27/7 din ngdy 02/8/2015 [3] Phong Gido dye va Dao tao Cam Phd (2016), Bdo cdo ting kit ndm hgc 2015-2016 phuong hudng nhiim vu trgng tdm ndm hgc 2016-2017 [4] Uy ban nhdn dan tiianh phd Cam Pha (2016), Bdo cdo tinh hinh kinh te-xdhdi ndm 2016; Ki hoac phdt triin kinh ti - xd hdi ndm 2017 [5] Tong T.M.T., Shaw, R and Takeuchi, Y (2012), Climate disaster resilience of the education sector in Thua Thien Hue Province, Centtal Vietnam [6] Gft'ee Q, Takeuchi Y, Wen JC, Shaw R (2011), Disaster education system in Yunlin County, Taiwan [7] GoV (2005), National report on disaster reduction in Viet Nam, In: Worid conference on disaster reduction, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan ABSTRACT Disaster resilience assessment at lower secondary sdiools in Cam Pha eity, Quang Ninh province Assessing climate change (CC) resilience ability is one of the imperative steps for improving school capacity to cope with climate change impacts This smdy applied the school disaster resilience assessment (SDRA) tool to all secondary schools in Cam Pha City, Quang Ninh Province SDRA considered five main aspects of the educational resiUence including physical conditions, human resources, institutional issues, external relationships, and natural conditions Results from this study illustrate resilience ability of each secondary school and the overall resilience of secondary education as a whole Imphcations for enhancing resilience of secondary schools will be proposed to help policy makers and practitioners in developing an effective plan and increase the level of educational resilience Keywords: Assessment, natural disaster resilience ability, climate change ... 3,31 X6p loai Trung binh T^ungbinh TVung binh Trung binh Tntag binh Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Cao Cao Thip Trung binh Trung binh Trung binh Trong sd 13ttirdngthudc... cdc sd lieu thdng ke vl thiet hai gdy bdi rui ro thiin tai va khd nang chdng chiu vdi rui ro thien tai cac trfldng THCS tai phd C ^ Phd, tinh Qudng Ninh 3.2 PhUdng phdp bdng hoi Nghien cflu sfl... rfli ro thien tai dflpc ghi nhan tai phd C ^ Phd bao gdm Ju lut, bao (mfla Idn), nang ndng keo dai, nfldc biln ddng, ban han Trong dd, lu lyt, bao vd''nang ndng klo dai la ba loai hinh thien tai